Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fruit juice samples: a health risk assessment study

Abstract The objective of the present research was to investigate the level of 16 PAHs in fruit juice samples (orange, apple, peach, pineapple, and mango) with three different packages (PET bottle, Tetra Pak and Canned packaging) by using MSPE/GC–MS (magnetic solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method. Our outcomes showed the mean of total PAHs and PAH4 (in all samples) were 7.67 ± 3.19 and 0.37 ± 0.16 µg/L, respectively. The mean of BaP in samples was )0.06 ± 0.03 µg/L( lower than the standard level of US-EPA (0.2 µg/L in drinking water). Also, our results showed that pineapple juice had a maximum mean of total PAHs of 12.42 ± 4.84 µg/L and mango juice had a minimum mean of total PAHs of 5.17 ± 1.24 µg/L. Additionally, canned packaging had a maximum average total PAH of 10.62 ± 5.22 µg/L and PET bottles had a minimum average total PAH of 5.25 03 2.03 µg/L. A heat map approach was also used to cluster samples. The Monte Carlo outcomes indicated that the estimated daily intake (EDI) rank order was Na > B(g)P > Ch > I(cd)P > B(b)F > Ph > B(k)F > F > Ace > Fl > B(a)P > B(a)A > P > A. The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) results showed the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) at the 95th percentiles for adults and children was 4.91E-7 and 9.12E-7, respectively, which indicated no risk (< 10− 6).