Attractor neural networks with double well synapses

It is widely believed that memory storage depends on activity-dependent synaptic modifications. Classical studies of learning and memory in neural networks describe synaptic efficacy either as continuous [1, 2] or discrete [2–4]. However, recent results suggest an intermediate scenario in which synaptic efficacy can be described by a continuous variable, but whose distribution is peaked around a small set of discrete values [5, 6]. Motivated by these results, we explored a model in which each synapse is described by a continuous variable that evolves in a potential with multiple minima. External inputs to the network can switch synapses from one potential well to another. Our analytical and numerical results show that this model can interpolate between models with discrete synapses which correspond to the deep potential limit [7], and models in which synapses evolve in a single quadratic potential [8]. We find that the storage capacity of the network with double-well synapses exhibits a power law dependence on the network size, rather than the logarithmic dependence observed in models with single well synapses [9]. In addition, synapses with deeper potential wells lead to more robust information storage in the presence of noise. When memories are sparsely encoded, the scaling of the capacity with network size is similar to previously studied network models in the sparse coding limit [2, 10–13].