Age is Associated with Dampened Circadian Patterns of Rest and Activity: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)

Background Aging is associated with declines in circadian functions. The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. We characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community dwelling older adults, both overall, and in relation, to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods We analyzed baseline assessments of older adults with wrist-worn free-living wrist-worn actigraphy data (N=820, Age=76.4 yrs, 58.2% women) participating in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). We applied an extension to the traditional cosine curve to map RAR to activity data, calculating the parameters: rhythmic strength (amplitude); robustness (pseudo-F statistic); and timing of peak activity (acrophase). We also used function principal component analysis to determine 4 components describing underlying patterns of activity accounting for RAR variance. Linear models were used to examine associations between RAR and sociodemographic variables. Results Age was associated with several metrics of dampened RAR; women had stronger and more robust RAR metrics vs. men (all P < 0.05). Total activity (56%) and time of activity (20%) accounted for most the RAR variance. Compared to the latest decile of acrophase, those in the earliest decile had higher average amplitude ( P <0.001). Compared to the latest decile of acroaphase, those is the earliest and midrange categories had more total activity ( P =0.02). RAR was associated with some sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Older age was associated with dampened circadian behavior; and behaviors were sexually dimorphic. We identified a behavioral phenotype characterized by early time-of-day of peak activity, high rhythmic amplitude, and more total activity.