Study on chemical composition analysis and lipid metabolism regulation activity of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides

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The main medicinal part of Eucommia ulmoides bark (EBE), but its slow growth and peeling easily lead to tree death, which limits the extensive use of Eucommia ulmoides resources and causes the lack of Eucommia ulmoides resources. It is not clear whether Eucommia ulmoides leaves (ELE), flowers (EFE) and seeds (ESE) can be used as substitutes for Eucommia ulmoides bark. In this study, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze the active ingredients in the bark, leaves, flowers and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides . HPLC method was established for the determination of 8 common active ingredients in the bark, leaves, flowers and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides . The content of active ingredients is also based on the current research on Eucommia ulmoides , and the regulation activity of lipid metabolism was compared. The results showed that 119 compounds were identified from 12 classes of Eucommia ulmoides , and the skin and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides contained a lot of the same active ingredients. The content of turbinol diglucoside in Eucommia ulmoides bark was the highest, and the content of chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves was the highest. After Eucommia intervention, all indexes of cell model were improved and lipid metabolism regulation ability was improved: EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE; EBE and ELE had similar lipid lowering effect. After Eucommia's treatment, mRNA expression of AMPK increased in a volume-dependent manner, while mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC decreased in a volume-dependent manner. Therefore, Eucommia's improvement in steatosis of HepG2 cells may be related to the regulation of AMPK, SREGP-1C, FAS and ACC signaling pathways. In conclusion, it can be concluded that Eucommia ulmoides leaves can replace Eucommia ulmoides skins in the regulation of lipid metabolism and improve the comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides resources. Eucommia ulmoides Component analysis Content determination AMPK Lipid metabolism Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 1. Introduction Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.is a plant of Eucommia genus of Eucommiaceae, also known as jiaomu, silianpi, simianpi, yusipi, etc. 1 . Eucommia ulmoides earliest recorded in the ' Shen Nong ' s Herbal ', has been more than two thousand years of history 2 . As a particularly well-known Chinese medicine, according to the ' Chinese Pharmacopoeia ' records, the main function of Eucommia is to nourish the liver and kidney, strong tendons and bones, tocolysis, kidney and yang 2 , 3 . Modern research has revealed that Eucommia ulmoides contains multiple substances, including lignans, iridoids, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids, etc. 4 , as well as an assortment of amino acids and trace minerals. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the medicinal parts of Eucommia ulmoides are the bark and leaves 3 , and it has the pharmacological effects of “nourishing the liver and kidney, strengthening the body and bones, and soothing the fetus” 5 . In the past two decades, EBE have become a popular functional health food and plant medicinal material. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Eucommia ulmoides possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, blood pressure-lowering, hypoglycemic, and other biological properties 6 , 7 . It also possesses anti-obesity, anti-fatigue, anti-osteoporosis, anti-biosis, etc. properties 7 – 9 . Current research on Eucommia ulmoides by both domestic and international scholars focuses on pharmacological activity, composition analysis, and quality evaluation, among other topics 10 – 12 . However, the long growth time of Eucommia ulmoides and the large scale bark cutting are easy to cause tree death, which limits the sustainable use of this plant resource. Therefore, finding an alternative to Eucommia ulmoides bark is crucial. In recent years, studies have shown that the leaves and flowers of Eucommia ulmoides contain similar compounds to the bark of Eucommia ulmoides , but their active ingredients and content are different 13 , 14 . However, as a whole, there are some differences in chemical composition, content and activity between different parts of Eucommia ulmoides . At present, the research on Eucommia ulmoides mainly focuses on the bark and leaves 4 , 14 , 15 , and the systematic component analysis and activity comparison of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides are relatively few. In recent years, great advantages in specificity and sensitivity have been demonstrated by the application of liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and effective chromatographic separation for qualitative analysis of compounds within herbal extracts can be applied to phytochemical studies 16 – 19 . Yan et al. used liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Triple TOF MS/MS) to characterize or identify 27 of these chemical components 20 . He et al. performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 113 compounds, including 23 compounds that may be novel, were tentatively identified 21 . Luo et al. 22 used UPLC-QE high resolution mass spectrometry negative ion monitoring mode for qualitative analysis, and a total of 98 compounds were identified. There is a strong correlation between the pharmacological effects of Eucommia ulmoides and its chemical components. Studies have demonstrated that genipin, geniposidic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, and aucubin have antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties 23 – 25 ; Chlorogenic acid exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic activities 26 , 27 ; geniposide, chlorogenic acid, aucubin, and rutin have lipid-lowering properties 28 – 31 . Gong et al. 32 found the main components of Eucommia ulmoides leaves combine well with the core proteins regulating lipid metabolism, especially flavonoids.. Lee et al. 30 found EUE and its two active constituents, aucubin and geniposide, inhibited palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation through secretion of apolipoprotein B and associated triglycerides and cholesterol in human HepG2 hepatocytes. Yang et al. 33 found the effects of Eucommia ulmoides and its active constituents on hepatocyte and intramuscular fibroblast growth, lipid metabolism and collagen metabolism of Grass carp were studied in vitro . The results showed that bark and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides , chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, quercetin, hesperidin all promoted hepatocyte growth and lipid metabolism, and promoted collagen deposition in intramuscular fibroblasts, partly due to AKT/TOR, PPAR alpha and TGF-beta/Smads/CTGF signaling pathways. Hao et al. 29 found chlorogenic acid ( CGA ) -rich extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves can regulate cholesterol and has a lipid-lowering effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown that EBE and ELE contain eight identical bioactive ingredients, and fecal bacteria suspensions containing EBE and ELE significantly improved HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and elevated blood glucose levels 34 . The results showed that EBE and ELE contained similar active ingredients and significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorders and blood glucose levels in the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model 35 . So far, there is no report on the comparative analysis of component analysis and lipid metabolism regulation activity of baek, leaves, flowers and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides . Therefore, this experiment used UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and established HPLC analysis method to compare the qualitative and content differences of 50% ethanol water extract in different parts of Eucommia ulmoides . The regulation and mechanism of lipid metabolism in Eucommia ulmoides were explored by cell experiments to understand whether other parts of Eucommia ulmoides have the same potential as bark, and to provide scientific basis for further rational development and quality control of Eucommia ulmoides . 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Chemicals and Reagents Methanol (chromatographic grade), acetonitrile (chromatographic grade), and formic acid (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Semerfeld Technology Company; Methanol (analytical grade), ethanol (analytical grade), and phosphoric acid (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. ; Deionized water was prepared using the ULTRAPURE (TYPE1) WATER pure water system; standard products All ingredients were bought from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (purity 98%); HepG2 cells were donated by Northwest A & F University; Improved oil red O dye purchased from Beyotime Bioreagent Co., Ltd; TC, TG, ALT, AST and BCA kits were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute; Total RNA extraction kit was purchased from Beijing Solaibao Technology Co., LTD; Both RNA reverse transcription kits and fluorescence quantitative PCR kits are purchased from Biosharp. 2.2 Plant Materials and Sample Preparation All parts of Eucommia ulmoides were collected in Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province (latitude 105.42′53′′N, longitude 33.23′6′′E); the bark of Eucommia accumulates and sweats until the inner bark turns purple-brown and is then sun-dried; the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides are dried at 50°C; and Eucommia male flowers and Eucommia seeds are allowed the bark and seeds of Eucommia ulmoides were trimmed, and the leaves were crushed and put through a sieve with an 80-mesh opening. 2.2.1 Preparation of Sample Solutions Approximately 2 g of the treated Eucommia ulmoides sample was weighed, and 40 mL of ethanol at a concentration of 50% was added. The sample was extracted twice using a constant-temperature water bath at 70°C for 50 minutes per extraction, and the filtrates were mixed twice. The resulting filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and dissolved in 20 mL of 50 percent methanol in a centrifuge tube. The filtrate was centrifuged at 12,000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was collected. Before injection, a 0.22 µm membrane filter was passed through the supernatant, which was kept at 4°C. 2.2.2 Preparation of Standard Solution Using methanol as a solvent, a mixed reference solution of gallic acid, genipinic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hypericin and quercetin was prepared, and the mass concentrations were respectively 300 µg/mL, 520 µg/mL, 220 µg/mL, 220 µg/mL, 280 µg/mL, 320 µg/mL, 140 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, then the mixed standard solution was diluted with methanol to a series of appropriate concentrations to establish a standard curve. All solutions were stored at 4°C and passed through 0.22 µm filters for HPLC analysis before injection. 2.3 Chromatography and MS Conditions 2.3.1 Qualitative Analysis Methods UHPLC analysis was performed on a Vanquish UHPLC system equipped with a Waters Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 (1.8 µm, 2.1×100 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B), the flow rate was set to 0.3 mL/min at 40°C, and the injection volume was 2 µL. The gradient elution conditions were: 5% B at 0.01-4 min, 5–10% B at 4–10 min, 10–13% B at 10–25 min, 13–27% B at 25–37 min, 27–90% B at 37–45 min, 90% B at 45–49 min, 90 − 5% B at 49–50 min, and 5% B at 50–56 min 21 . The mass spectrometry was performed using a Thermo Q-EX active mixed quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer with Heated electrospray ionization (HESI). Ionization mode: negative ion; capillary voltage: -2.5 kV; ion source temperature: 350°C; capillary temperature: 320°C; sheath gas: 30 arbs; auxiliary gas: 10 arbs; purge gas: 3 arbs; mass scan range: m/z 200–2000; acquisition mode: Full MS/dd MS2; resolution: 70,000 for MS1 and 17,500 for MS2; collision gas: high-purity nitrogen; using Compound Discover (MZcloud) software, the principal peak (response strength > 5%) was systematically chemically identified. 2.3.2 Data preprocessing of LC-MS The data preprocessing included four steps; the first step was to summarize the compounds of Eucommia ulmoides based on literature research and phytochemical studies. The second step was to choose the appropriate standards for each kind of compound. Then, sections of the Eucommia ulmoides samples were prepared and collected. By using primary mass spectrometry and fragment data, the cleavage law was condensed. The primary peak of Eucommia ulmoides was located using MetDNA and Compound Discover (MZcloud) program (Response Intensity > 5%). Finally, the original mass spectrometry data's raw file was imported into the MZ mine software for peak extraction, peak alignment, noise filtering, etc. MZ mine software then compared the identification findings to export the precise peak area. 2.3.3 Quantitative Analysis Method For quantitative analysis, liquid chromatography Waters 1525 (Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. On a Select ® CSH TM C18 (4.6250 mm 5 m) column and PDA detector, samples were separated. A 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile constituted the mobile phase (B). The flow rate at 30°C was fixed at 1 mL/min. 5–15% B at 0–28 min, 15–25% B at 28–35 min, 25–35% B at 35–45 min, and 35 − 5% B at 45–55 min were the gradient elution conditions for a 20 µL injection volume. 2.4 Cell experiments 2.4.1 Cell culture The cells were grown in an incubator with 5% CO 2 at 37°C using the complete medium, which was made up of the DMEM, FBS, and penicillin/streptomycin at a ratio of 89:10:1. The cell lipid model was induced by Oleic acid (OA) and cultured in an incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37℃. 2.4.2 Cell viability assay In a 96-well plate, 200 µL of cell suspension was added to each well to maintain the cell concentration at 1×10 4 /well, and cell culture was performed in a CO 2 incubator. Extracts of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides were prepared with complete medium at concentrations of 12.5,25,50,100,200 and 400 µg/mL, and the cells in 96-well plates were cultured for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. After the culture was completed, 20 µL of CCK-8 solution was added to each hole under dark conditions. The holes with the corresponding amount of cell culture medium and CCK-8 but without cells were used as blanks, and the holes with the corresponding amount of cell suspension and CCK-8 but without Eucommia ulmoides extract were used as controls. After 4 hours of culture in the incubator, the 96-well plate was removed and placed on a shaker for 10 minutes. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm. 2.4.3 OA concentration selection According to the determination of OA concentration in the laboratory, 400 µM OA was selected to induce HepG2 cells for 48 h to establish the steatosis cell model. 2.4.4 Oil red O staining Oil red O staining was performed according to the kit instructions and photographed under a microscope. After staining, the cells were rinsed repeatedly with distilled water to remove the surface floating color, and then 300 µL isopropanol was added to dissolve the oil red dye. The absorbance of 100 µL oil red solution was measured at 490 nm in a 96-well plate to calculate the relative content of lipids in HepG2 cells. 2.4.5 Determination of intracellular TC and TG levels After the cell culture was completed, the cells were rinsed twice with PBS, 0.5 mL of trypsin was added to each well, and then 1 mL of complete cell culture medium was added, and then the cell suspension was placed in a centrifuge tube. After centrifugation at 1000 r/min for 10 min, the cell precipitate was retained. PBS 1 mL was added to the cell precipitate, and the cells were broken by ultrasonic disruptor on ice. After the cells were completely broken, centrifuged, and the supernatant was taken to determine the contents of TC and TG. Another part of the supernatant was used to determine the protein content in the cells by BCA kit. 2.4.6 Determination of intracellular ALT and AST levels After the cells were broken according to the method of 2.4.4, they were measured by ALT and AST kits. After hepatocyte injury, ALT and AST levels were significantly increased. The increase of ALT and AST levels can indicate the severity of liver cell injury. 2.4.7 Extraction of total RNA and detection of related genes in cells Primers AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were designed by Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Total RNA was extracted according to the method of Solarbio kit. After the total RNA extraction was completed, the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The expression levels of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC genes were detected by qRT-PCR, and GAPDH gene was used as internal reference. Primer sequence as shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Primer sequences of genes measured by qRT-PCR Gene 5′-3′ Primer sequence Base number AMPK-F ACA GGC ATA TGG TGG TCC ATA GAG A 19 AMPK-R TTG GGT GAG CCA CAA CTT GTT C 21 SREBP-1c-F GCG GAG CCA TGG ATT GCA C 19 SREBP-1c-R CTC TTC CTT GAT ACC AGG CCC 21 FAS-F TAC ATC GAC TGC ATC AGG CA 20 FAS-R GAT ACT TTC CCG TCG CAT AC 20 ACC-F TGA TGT CAA TCT CCC TGC AGC 21 ACC-R TTG CCT CTT CTC TGT TTT CTC CCC 24 GAPDH-F ATC ACT GCC ACC CAG AAG AC 20 GAPDH-R AGA TCC ACG ACG GAC ACA TT 20 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Qualitative Results Untargeted metabolomics and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS techniques were used to determine the structures of metabolites from various Eucommia ulmoides sections, the chromatogram of total ion flow in negative ion mode is shown in Fig. 1 . Based on literature analysis, the chemical composition database of Eucommia ulmoides was organized, and the initial classification of the compounds covered by Eucommia ulmoides was established. Then, for each type of compound, the fragmentation rules of various compounds were summarized based on the literature. Next, the identification results were further confirmed based on the self-built database (MZ mine), the public compound database (Compound Discover) and the mass spectrometry fragmentation rule synthesis and application. Through test knowledge processes, the chemical components in various parts of the Eucommia ulmoides were analyzed for various metabolites by each appraisal; the appraisal standard is the total ion current intensity in the figure above 5%; a total of 119 compounds were identified, including 19 flavonoids, 9 phenols, 10 phenylpropanoids, 6 iridoids, 19 organic acids, 4 lignins, and 52 alkaloids, terpenoids, sugars, ketones, esters, pyranoids and other compounds. There were 81 kinds of EBE, 90 kinds of ELE, 67 kinds of EFE and 53 kinds of ESE, and ELE, EFE, ESE contained 64, 46 and 35 same active compounds, respectively, compared with EBE. The results are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 2 . Table 2 Compounds in Eucommia ulmoides 50% ethanol extract N0. Name Formula t R (min) [M − H] − MS2 Error (ppm) Part 1 Gluconic acid C 6 H 12 O 7 0.956 195.04985 177.0399、129.0182、105.0181、87.0075、75.0074、59.0124 -3.3 Leaves;Barks 2 L-Threonic acid C 4 H 8 O 5 0.978 135.02827 117.0181、89.0231、75.0074、72.9917、59.0125 -8.4 Leaves;Male Flowers;Seeds 3 Catechin C 15 H 14 O 6 1.08 289.0707 228.9841、186.9733、133.0131、115.0025、89.0231、71.0124、61.8082 0.2 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 4 Fumaric acid C 4 H 4 O 4 1.095 115.00191 90.0639、71.0125 -11.2 Leaves 5 DL-Malic acid C 4 H 6 O 5 1.101 133.0126 115.0025、89.0231、71.0125 -8.3 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 6 Maleic acid C 4 H 4 O 4 1.13 115.0025 111.1266、104.5635、91.9608、75.0462、71.0125、52.7519 -5.2 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 7 trans-Aconitic acid C 6 H 6 O 6 1.204 173.00789 154.9977、129.0181、111.0076、85.0282、72.9918、67.0174、57.0333 -4.1 Leaves;Barks 8 Isocitric acid C 6 H 8 O 7 1.27 191.0194 146.9376、123.9453、102.9475、87.9240 1.0 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 9 Citric acid C 6 H 8 O 7 1.324 191.01868 173.0083、154.9977、129.0181、117.0181、111.0075、85.0281、72.9917、57.0331 -2.7 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 10 2-Furoic acid C 5 H 4 O 3 1.326 111.00694 91.9537、85.0280、67.0176 -11.4 Leaves;Barks 11 Pyrogallol C 6 H 6 O 3 1.383 125.02408 85.0281、82.0384、75.5420 1.4 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 12 Citraconic acid C 5 H 6 O 4 1.445 129.01774 90.4394、81.6979、61.9869、58.5284 -8.2 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 13 Methylmalonic acid C 4 H 6 O 4 1.654 117.01754 99.0075、74.8910、73.0281 -10.8 Leaves 14 3-Butene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid C 7 H 8 O 6 1.655 187.02381 169.0862、159.8780、141.8672、125.0961、122.8930、97.0645 -2.6 Leaves;Barks 15 Gallic acid C 7 H 6 O 5 2.13 169.0136 143.0702、126.0268、122.8931、97.0281、69.0332、61.9870、 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 16 Aucubin C 15 H 22 O 9 2.20 345.1198 183.0655、15.0550、147.0442、139.0391、121.0285、99.0439、81.0333、59.0125 3.5 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 17 Deacetylasperulosidic acid C 16 H 22 O 11 2.24 389.1100 335.9400、290.0418、227.0569、183.0654、165.0549、147.0442、139.0391、11.0283、99.0439、89.0230、71.0124、59.0125 4.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 18 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetone C 9 H 10 O 3 2.258 165.05496 150.0313、136.9310、122.0362、93.0333 -1.5 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 19 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde C 6 H 6 O 3 3.217 125.02408 97.0283、81.0331、69.0332、54.7843 1.4 Leaves;Barks 20 Resorcinol monoacetate C 8 H 8 O 3 3.483 151.03968 123.0076、108.0205、95.0126、85.0282、69.0332、61.9869、57.0331 1.2 Seeds 21 Geniposidic acid C 16 H 22 O 10 4.39 373.1149 211.0611、167.0705、149.0598、123.0440、105.0333、59.0125 3.8 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 22 Gentisic acid C 7 H 6 O 4 4.416 153.01784 110.0318、109.0283、108.0204、81.0332 -6.3 Leaves;Barks 23 Hydrocinnamic acid C 9 H 10 O 2 4.49 149.06064 134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332、61.0321 2.3 Leaves;Barks 24 4-Hydroxybenzylalcohol C 7 H 8 O 2 4.499 123.04311 121.0289、105.0333、95.0489 -12.1 Leaves;Male Flowers;Seeds 25 (2S,3S)-(-)-3-Phenylglycidol C 9 H 10 O 2 4.662 149.06018 134.0361、129.4703、121.0648、119.0491、107.0492、103.9191、85.6481 -0.8 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 26 Catechol C 6 H 6 O 2 4.895 109.02778 108.0204、91.0176、81.0331、72.2504 -11.2 Leaves;Barks 27 Protocatechuic acid C 7 H 6 O 4 4.896 153.01886 123.0076、109.0283、108.0204、95.0125、85.0281、81.0330 0.4 Barks 28 (-)-Epicatechin C 15 H 14 O 6 5.842 289.07116 272.0775、212.0565、200.0560、170.0450、140.0717、128.0342 -0.1 Barks 29 4'-Methoxyacetophenone C 9 H 10 O 2 7.543 149.06022 134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332 -0.5 Leaves 30 Salicylic acid C 7 H 6 O 3 7.856 137.02285 99.2594、94.0367、93.0333、 -7.7 Leaves;Barks 31 2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde C 9 H 10 O 8.158 133.06543 132.8668、112.9844、68.9944、56.7246 0.2 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 32 Esculin C 15 H 16 O 9 8.382 339.07199 278.7417、245.6593、222.6391、206.2766、177.0187、133.0284、100.1803 1.1 Male Flowers 33 3,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid C 9 H 10 O 2 8.52 149.06031 134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332、71.3233、61.0321、55.7656 0.1 Barks;Seeds 34 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde C 7 H 6 O 2 9.286 121.02875 119.0490、112.9199、89.9242、73.0279、54.6957 -2.1 Leaves 35 Isophthalic acid C 8 H 6 O 4 9.556 165.01799 150.0307、136.9307、119.0489、96.9588、75.0073、61.9869 -4.9 Leaves;Barks 36 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid C 17 H 12 O 6 9.82 311.05554 267.0869、221.0452、177.0550、169.1629、149.0599、135.0444、109.0281、82.1058 -0.2 Leaves;Male Flowers;seeds 37 Apocynin C 9 H 10 O 3 9.838 165.05514 150.0313、122.0362、93.0333、75.0072 -0.4 Seeds 38 Isovanillic acid C 8 H 8 O 4 10.779 167.03454 152.0103、120.8975、111.0078、108.0204、95.0125、61.9871 0.2 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 39 Chlorogenic acid C 16 H 18 O 9 10.79 353.0881 191.0555、179.0346、173.0447、161.0231、135.0437 2.3 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 40 D-(-)-Quinic acid C 7 H 12 O 6 10.89 191.05482 173.0441、146.9375、127.0338、102.9474、93.0333、85.0281、59.0123 -4.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 41 Scopoletin C 10 H 8 O 4 11.197 191.03442 163.8720、146.9378、123.9452、102.9476、87.9239、61.9870 -0.4 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 42 Pulegone C 10 H 16 O 11.306 151.11222 127.1627、123.0078、109.0283、95.0125、85.0281、68.9969、58.6287 -0.5 Leaves 43 2-Methylbenzoic acid C 8 H 8 O 2 11.633 135.04346 64.1308 -8.4 Leaves;Male Flowers 44 Caffeic acid C 9 H 8 O 4 11.651 179.03422 135.0441、104.9268、90.9970、61.9868 -1.6 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 45 Phthaldialdehyde C 8 H 6 O 2 11.773 133.02897 115.0025、89.0231、72.9917、71.0125、59.0124 -0.2 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 46 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid C 16 H 18 O 9 12.15 353.0887 191.0555、173.0446、161.243、135.0438、111.0438、93.0331、85.0280、69.0297、56.3629 3.9 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 47 Scoparone C 11 H 10 O 4 12.231 205.05022 167.0709、157.8621、147.0443、131.7027、98.6272、91.0538、70.0284、58.0284 0.6 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 48 Syringic acid C 9 H 10 O 5 12.724 197.04492 169.9441、162.8383、153.8987、141.9116、113.9541 -0.4 Barks 49 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin C 10 H 8 O 4 13.681 191.03464 163.8717、146.9377、123.9454、119.9137、111.0074、105.9343、102.9475、87.9239、61.9870 0.7 Seeds 50 Phenylacetone C 9 H 10 O 13.722 133.06539 112.9844、104.9944、68.9944、56.7246 -0.1 Barks;Male Flowers 51 Geniposide C 17 H 24 O 10 14.56 387.0940 283.4284、207.1027、113.0236、101.0229、71.0124、59.0125 0.8 Leaves;Barks 52 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid C 9 H 8 O 3 14.57 163.0395 145.0132、117.0181、99.0075、72.9917、57.0332 0 Leaves;Male Flowers 53 Coumarin C 9 H 6 O 2 14.584 145.02898 115.9195、104.9946、82.4537、71.3421、56.1865 -0.1 Barks;Seeds 54 Matairesinol C 20 H 22 O 6 15.064 357.13363 211.0622、195.0656、149.0597、123.0440、115.4441、86.1618、71.0124、59.0125 -0.5 Barks 55 Phenylacetaldehyde C 8 H 8 O 17.033 119.04849 93.0331、78.8503、73.0281、61.9869、57.9853、53.1580 -10.2 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 56 7-Hydroxycoumarine C 9 H 6 O 3 17.232 161.02355 157.1703、147.7839、133.0284、117.9695、104.0249、94.0514、77.4781 -2.2 Leaves;Male Flowers;Seeds 57 Cycloolivil C 20 H 24 O 7 17.27 375.14554 360.1223、310.1386、262.7780、215.6857、207.0655、195.0658、179.0706、164.0471、154.0267、146.0363、122.0362、73.7021、57.3589 3.0 Leaves;Barks;Seeds 58 Suberic acid C 8 H 14 O 4 18.733 173.08072 155.0705、129.0910、111.0803、83.0489、57.0332 -3.9 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 59 Myricetin C 15 H 10 O 8 18.837 317.02955 266.4827、152.0106、108.0204、85.0280、53.4477 -0.8 Leaves;Male Flowers 60 Ferulic acid C 10 H 10 O 4 20.308 193.04969 177.0553、158.8458、132.4061、80.6561、69.4318 -2.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 61 Taxifolin C 15 H 12 O 7 21.239 303.05046 285.0421、241.0523、217.0501、193.0492、175.0393、151.0025、125.0233、83.0130、 -0.1 Barks;Male Flowers 62 Ibuprofen C 13 H 18 O 2 21.48 205.12289 164.0709、157.8621、147.0443、131.7027、98.6272、91.0538、70.0284、61.9871、58.0284 -0.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 63 4-(5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2-( β -D-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl β -D-glucopyranoside C 27 H 30 O 16 21.803 609.14689 401.1190、343.0476、300.0282、271.0225、255.0300、243.0291、178.9975、151.0026、108.0203、61.2550 2.1 Leaves;Male Flowers 64 Piceatannol C 14 H 12 O 4 23.181 243.06574 200.0563、183.3261、164.9407、152.0341、140.0342、122.0237、110.0236、104.9193、82.0286、66.0335、61.9869 -0.2 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers; 65 Quercetin-3-O- β -D-sambubioside C 26 H 28 O 16 24.26 595.1318 550.8728、370.1116、300.0280、271.0255、255.0298、243.0301、151.0020、127.5871、65.9342 3.2 Leaves;Male Flowers;Seeds 66 Quercetin-3- β -D-glucoside C 21 H 20 O 12 24.358 463.08765 387.4681、300.0284、271.0257、255.0304、243.0303、178.9982、151.0027、107.0126、71.2440 -0.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 67 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O- β -D-xylopyranosyl- β -D-glucopyranoside C 26 H 28 O 16 24.358 595.13086 317.4266、300.0285、271.0256、255.0316、239.3803、168.0706、127.3736、115.0240、85.4388、56.7073 1.6 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 68 Olivil C 20 H 24 O 7 24.76 375.1461 291.3242、207.0660、191.0714、179.0703、122.0363、91.9541、82.6245 4.5 Barks;Male Flowers; 69 Carvone C 10 H 14 O 26.373 149.09656 134.0361、129.4703、121.0648、119.0491、107.0492、103.9191、93.0332、85.6481 -0.9 Barks 70 Isorhamnetin C 16 H 12 O 7 27.563 315.0503 262.7986、201.9173、151.0105、140.4954、124.9090、108.0204、103.5778、60.6456 -0.6 Leaves 71 Isoquercetin C 21 H 20 O 12 28.13 463.0897 301.0359、175.0026、11.0024、121.0258、107.0125、91.9608、65.0017 4.3 Leaves;Male Flowers 72 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid C 9 H 10 O 4 28.719 181.04953 163.0393、156.3245、152.9165、135.0440、119.0488、104.9267、92.9187、72.9917、61.9869 -3.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 73 Pinoresinol diglucoside C 32 H 42 O 16 28.88 681.2326 519.3173、357.9492、300.0281、271.0251、255.0299、151.0032、 -10.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 74 hyperoside C 21 H 20 O 12 29.38 463.0894 300.0282、271.0254、255.0302、243.0302、178.9981、151.0027、121.0284、71.2439 3.7 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 75 Rutin C 27 H 30 O 16 29.556 609.14627 459.0941、301.0282、271.0257、255.0305、243.0303、178.9977、151.0028、117.3030、57.3401 1.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 76 Cynaroside C 21 H 20 O 11 29.94 447.09308 284.0334、255.0303、227.0350、211.0379、111.4321、93.0330、75.4421 0.6 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 77 2- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 2-O- β -D-xylopyranosyl- β - 3- D-glucopyranoside C 27 H 30 O 16 30.768 609.14617 570.1230、402.3660、300.0284、271.0257、255.0330、243.0309、178.9974、151.0031、107.0129、85.8467 0.9 Leaves 78 Azelaic acid C 9 H 16 O 4 31.072 187.09661 169.0858、159.8778、141.8671、125.0960、122.8930、97.0646、61.9870、57.0333 -2.6 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 79 Isorhapontigenin C 15 H 14 O 4 31.153 257.08143 236.9792、221.8427、208.9842、170.9871、142.9914、140.9959、92.9945、64.7291 0.1 Leaves;Seeds 80 Quercetin C 15 H 10 O 7 31.737 301.03438 241.0843、179.0817、161.0712、152.0708、144.0291、140.0706、96.0078、82.0649、72.0077、59.0125 -1.7 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 81 Naringeninchalcone C 15 H 12 O 5 32.166 271.06078 177.0180、169.0138、151.0026、119.0490、107.0126、93.0332、83.0125、65.0018、63.0226 0.3 Leaves;Male Flowers;Seeds 82 Nictoflorin C 27 H 30 O 15 32.322 593.15108 403.5522、327.0510、285.0410、255.0302、227.0350、187.0389、151.0023、88.9865 0.6 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 83 Kaempferol C 15 H 10 O 6 32.338 285.03962 224.8795、210.9003、204.9438、168.8887、158.9376、152.8940、103.9190、96.9587、78.9577、71.0123 -0.9 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 84 Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside C 21 H 20 O 11 32.339 447.09284 284.0334、255.0303、227.0350、227.0350、211.0379、111.4321、93.0330、75.4421 0.1 Leaves;Barks 85 Dodecanedioic acid C 12 H 22 O 4 32.559 229.14414 211.1338、209.1181、183.1386、171.1022、127.1117、104.3406、80.5715、59.8510 0.6 Leaves;Barks 86 Astragalin C 21 H 20 O 11 32.709 447.0934 396.8459、327.0514、284.0331、255.0301、227.0349、183.2364、151.0032、110.3636、67.2370 1.3 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 87 Eriodictyol C 15 H 12 O 6 33.377 287.05589 266.9857、226.9945、216.9892、154.9911、141.1271、114.5796、58.6105 1.0 Male Flowers 88 Acetophenone C 8 H 8 O 33.757 119.04975 121.9199、89.9242、82.0912、73.0279、61.9868、56.9885 0.4 Barks 89 Citrinin C 13 H 14 O 5 34.423 249.07648 234.1131、206.1625、157.8616、91.9554、61.9868 0.7 Male Flowers 90 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-tetranor Prostaglandin F1 β C 16 H 28 O 5 36.878 299.18648 263.1669、201.1126、183.1019、155.1070、143.0701、127.1113、97.0644、85.0281、59.0124 1.9 Leaves;Barks 91 4-Methylumbelliferone C 10 H 8 O 3 36.927 175.03931 160.9762、146.9601、118.9650、112.0231、68.7685、55.3750 -1.1 Barks 92 3-tert-Butyladipic acid C 10 H 18 O 4 37.494 201.11234 183.1020、164.8348、157.1217、139.1118、111.0803、97.7297、77.4289、61.9868、57.0331 -1.8 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 93 4-Methoxycinnamic acid C 10 H 10 O 3 37.699 177.05522 99.0075、74.8910、73.0281 0.1 Leaves;Barks 94 Daidzein C 15 H 10 O 4 39.694 253.05035 232.9842、220.8503、209.1544、161.8547、116.9945、103.9188、81.5684、61.9870 0.9 Leaves;Barks 95 Naringenin C 15 H 12 O 5 40.296 271.06092 117.0180、169.0138、151.0026、119.0490、107.0126、94.9278、93.0332、83.0125、65.0018 0.8 Leaves 96 12-Oxo phytodienoic acid C 18 H 28 O 3 40.889 291.19607 263.1668、247.2077、235.1702、207.1382、181.1220、97.0644、71.0488、59.0124 0.2 Barks 97 Polygodial C 15 H 22 O 2 41.035 233.15399 119.4045、103.9293、85.1577、66.0821、53.9818 -0.9 Barks;Seeds 98 (15Z)-9,12,13-Trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid C 18 H 34 O 5 41.387 329.23395 311.2233、297.4037、268.9826、240.9884、201.1127、171.1016、139.1118、127.1118、100.9989、81.3899、68.9943、61.4459 3.5 Barks 99 Radicinin C 12 H 12 O 5 41.502 235.06062 199.8499、189.8498、142.3827、134.8929、70.0963、59.0125 -0.3 Leaves;Seeds 100 Butylparaben C 11 H 14 O 3 42.088 193.08621 177.0543、158.8457、138.2055、114.1663、101.9236、82.7388、71.6873、61.9867 -1.5 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 101 D,L-Camphor C 10 H 16 O 42.345 151.11236 105.1453、83.4470 0.4 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 102 19-Norandrostenedione C 18 H 24 O 2 42.387 271.16967 166.8998 -0.5 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 103 5-Phenylcyclohexane-1,3-dione C 12 H 12 O 2 42.606 187.07597 169.0858、159.8778、141.8671、125.0960、97.0646、61.9870、57.0333 0.4 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 104 Sedanolide C 12 H 18 O 2 42.92 193.12279 177.0553、158.8458、132.4601、80.6561、69.4318、61.9869 -0.6 Leaves;Seeds 105 4-Isobutylbenzoic acid C 11 H 14 O 2 42.953 177.09158 149.0236、133.0284、105.0333、89.0383、61.6382 -0.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 106 19-Nortestosterone C 18 H 26 O 2 43.439 273.18524 216.9692、188.9729、158.9776、130.9825、114.9874、102.9875、86.9924 -0.9 Leaves;Male Flowers 107 Benzophenone C 13 H 10 O 43.55 181.06547 163.0393、152.9165、135.0440、119.0488、104.9267、92.9187、72.9917、61.9869 0.4 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers 108 Cuminaldehyde C 10 H 12 O 43.566 147.08115 129.0181、103.0388、87.0074、85.0281、59.0124、57.0332 1.0 Seeds 109 Asperuloside C 18 H 22 O 11 43.62 413.1096 372.9826、352.9864、332.9990、306.9803、278.9862、236.8664、74.9895、54.7524 2.9 Leaves 110 Bis(4-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol C 24 H 30 O 6 43.671 413.19627 372.9826、352.9864、332.9990、278.9862、264.9893、236.8664、74.9895、67.2243、54.7524 -0.3 Leaves 111 4-Ethoxy ethylbenzoate C 11 H 14 O 3 43.9 193.08646 177.0553、158.8459、127.8385、101.9235、72.7050、61.9869 -0.2 Male Flowers 112 Ethyl paraben C 9 H 10 O 3 43.907 165.05517 150.0313、122.0362、93.0333、75.0072、61.9871 -0.2 Male Flowers 113 9S,13R-12-Oxophytodienoic acid C 18 H 28 O 3 44.791 291.19598 274.7763、263.1664、245.1550、236.1706、226.8456、219.1757、170.8248、147.1953、137.9935、77.8715、56.8047 -0.1 Leaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds 114 Oleic acid alkyne C 18 H 30 O 2 44.932 277.21732 274.6700、241.7982、205.1065、193.2012、172.6053、154.8770、134.8935、120.9683、113.6839、89.5210、81.2808、65.6564、57.3572 1.9 Male Flowers 115 Cafestol C 20 H 28 O 3 45.376 315.19347 297.2444、226.7167、168.9006、135.5067、90.1676、73.8367 -8.0 Barks;Male Flowers 116 Diisobutylphthalate C 16 H 22 O 4 45.862 277.14419 253.9653、136.0185、121.0284、115.2388、107.1549、91.0175、56.0896 0.7 Male Flowers;Seeds 117 (-)-Caryophyllene oxide C 15 H 24 O 46.305 219.17473 180.1304、174.8415、154.9917、139.8721、100.5165、85.5450、61.9868、58.0110 -0.8 Leaves; ;Male Flowers;Seeds 118 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone C 14 H 20 O 2 46.469 219.13841 205.1237、180.0790、142.1143、128.1503、105.2340、77.0349、56.4619 -0.4 Seeds 119 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate C 24 H 38 O 4 47.475 389.2683 258.4850、235.3822、209.0452、165.0549、121.0648、89.1857、67.0175 -2.3 Male Flowers;Seeds 3.1.1 Identification of lignans The extract of Eucommia ulmoides yielded a total of 4 lignans, the majority of which are phenylpropanoid dimers combined with 1–2 glucose, and exist as monoglycosides or diglycosides; secondary mass spectrometry typically loses glucose neutral fragments; the disglycoside becomes the ion peak of the monoglycoside fragment; and the monoglycoside fragment becomes the ion peak of the obtained aglycone fragments readily lose methyl neutral fragments in the negative ion mode to form [M-H-CH 3 ] − fragment ions, and the aglycon fragments readily break the furan or tetrahydrofuran ring to obtain the corresponding fragment ions in the positive and negative ion mode 16 . Consider pinoresinol diglucoside as an illustration of its cleavage pathway. Its quasi-molecular ion peak m/z 618 [M-H] − loses 1–2 glucose neutral fragments directly to yield fragments m/z 519 and m/z 357, and the aglycone fragments can be cleaved to yield fragment m/z 151 (Fig. 3 ). 3.1.2 Identification of iridoids The majority of the six identified iridoid compounds in Eucommia ulmoides extract were iridoid glycosides. The parent nuclei of these compounds were iridoid alcohols with hemiacetalol hydroxyl groups, predominantly in the form of glycosides 36 . Neutral fragments, such as functional groups glucose, glucose residue, H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 3 OH, and CH 3 COOH, are easily lost from the parent nucleus 37 . Using the mass spectrometry fragmentation of geniposidic acid as an example, the quasi-molecular ion peak m/z 373 [M-H] − of geniposidic acid lost 1 molecule of Glc, H 2 O, and CO 2 and formed fragments of m/z 21l, 167, 149, 123, and 105. The parent nucleus structure of geniposidic acid contains hemiacetal structure, which makes it simple to form two isomers of aldehyde structure, ultimately resulting in the rupture of the parent ring (Fig. 4 ). 3.1.3 Identification of flavonoids The extract of Eucommia ulmoides was found to contain a total of 19 different flavonoids. Flavonoids formerly referred to a class of compounds whose basic nucleus was 2-phenyl-chromones, but it now refers to a series of compounds formed by the benzene ring with two phenolic hydroxyl groups through the central three-carbon atom 38 . During the pyrolysis process, the glycosylation fragment is easily lost, and the aglycone fragment is obtained. The quercetin aglycone fragment can be further cracked 39 . Rutin is a glycoside of quercetin's rutin moiety. In the first-order mass spectrum, the quasi-molecular ion peak at m/z 609 [M-H] − is seen. After the neutral fragment of rutin is lost, the aglycone fragment m/z 301 is formed, and RDA cracking produces the aglycone fragment m/z 151. In addition, m/z 301 loses one H 2 O molecule and one CO molecule to produce fragment ion m/z 255 (Fig. 5 ). 3.1.4 Identification of phenylpropanoids Extract of Eucommia ulmoides was found to contain a total of 10 phenylpropanoid compounds. Phenylpropanoid is a class of compounds with one or more C6-C3 as the basic unit, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and disease resistance. The structure of the majority of identified phenylpropanoids resembles that of chlorogenic acid or a chlorogenic acid fragment. To illustrate the possible cleavage rule of the resolved phenylpropanoids, chlorogenic acid is used as an example 40 . Chlorogenic acid is the ester formed by caffeic acid and quinic acid, as evidenced by its excimer peak m/z 353 [M-H] − in the first-level mass spectrometry. The fragments m/z 191 and 179 are produced when the ester bond of chlorogenic acid is broken. Quinic acid fragment m/z 191 transforms into fragment ion m/z 173 upon the loss of one molecule of H 2 O, and caffeic acid fragment m/z 179 transforms into fragment ion m/z 135 upon the loss of one molecule of CO 2 (Fig. 6 ). 3.1.5. Identification of organic acids Extract of Eucommia ulmoides was shown to contain a total of 16 organic acid compounds. Organic acid compounds are acidic organic compounds that are commonly found in plants and have powerful antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects 41 , 42 . They readily lose CO, CO 2 , -COOH, H 2 O, and CH 3 and produce fragment ion peaks during mass spectrometry. Analyzing the possible cleavage pathways of organic acids, ferulic acid served as an example in this study. In the first-order mass spectrometry, the quasi-molecular peak m/z 193 [M-H]- could be seen. Ferulic acid lost a CH 3 molecule to form fragment ion m/z 177, and then a COOH molecule to form fragment 134 (Fig. 7 ). 3.2. Quantitative Analysis Results 3.2.1. Selection of Detection Wavelength The maximum absorption wavelengths of each reference substance were discovered to be distinct following a full-wavelength UV scan. The final wavelengths of detection were determined to be 200 nm (catechin), 220 nm (pinoresinol diglucoside), 240 nm (geniposide acid), 260 nm (gallic acid, rutin), 320 nm (chlorogenic acid), and 360 nm (hyperoside, quercetin). 3.2.2. Selection of Mobile Phase In this experiment, the mobile phase (methanol-0.2% acetic acid water, acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid water, methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid water, acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid water) was investigated to determine the optimal elution conditions. The separation effect of the samples was improved when acetonitrile-0.4 percent phosphoric acid water was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution, according to the results. Under the mobile phase of 0.4% phosphoric acid water (A) -acetonitrile (B), the proportion of mobile phase was continuously varied under gradient elution conditions in order to achieve the objective of accurate detection of active components in Eucommia ulmoides . Finally, gradient elution chromatographic conditions were determined as follows: (5–15% B at 0–28 min, 15–25% B at 28–35 min, 25–35% B at 35–45 min, 35 − 5% B at 45–55 min). The separation degree and peak shape of the chromatographic peak were optimal and the program was stable under these conditions. The chromatograms of the reference substance and the sample of Eucommia ulmoides are shown in (Fig. 8 ). 3.2.3. Methodological Investigation Investigation of Linear Relationship . Use the chromatographic conditions stated in 2.3.3 to analyze the diluted standard as described in 2.2.2. Get the linear regression equation and correlation coefficient by doing linear regression with the peak area (y) matching to the mass concentration (X, g/mL) of each tested component. The results show that each component has a linear connection with the others within a particular mass concentration range. The results are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Content determination results of Eucommia ulmoides samples (n = 3, mg/g) Component (mg/g DW) Gallic acid Genipinic acid Catechin Chlorogenic acid Pinoresinol diglucoside Rutin Hyperoside Quercetin EBE 0.2857 ± 0.0734 3.5704 ± 0.0952 0.9827 ± 0.0676 4.9773 ± 0.1027 8.8749 ± 0.0826 4.0634 ± 0.1073 0.6257 ± 0.0829 3.4793 ± 0.1182 ELE 0.2402 ± 0.0827 1.7911 ± 0.1092 2.1337 ± 0.0724 15.0215 ± 0.1273 1.2976 ± 0.1082 5.4546 ± 0.0729 0.6628 ± 0.0963 1.0831 ± 0.1094 EFE 0.1156 ± 0.0976 1.3427 ± 0.1158 0.2031 ± 0.0961 6.6469 ± 0.0715 0.3091 ± 0.0994 1.3394 ± 0.1172 1.1088 ± 0.1003 0.1476 ± 0.0797 ESE 0.1285 ± 0.0694 0.1805 ± 0.0627 0.7804 ± 0.0445 0.6791 ± 0.0776 0.4922 ± 0.0926 0.3479 ± 0.0748 0.2641 ± 0.0525 0.7226 ± 0.0661 Precision Test. Under the chromatographic conditions of item 2.3.3, take the combined reference drug and inject it six times continuously, each injection being 20 L. The RSDs of the peak areas of gallic acid, kynurenic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside and quercetin were 2.54%, 1.66%, 1.99%, 2.15%, 3.60% 2.49%, 2.33%, 2.32%. It shows that the precision of the instrument is good Stability Test . 2.0 g of the sample (ELE) should be taken, the test solution should be made in accordance with the instructions in 2.2.1, and the sample should be injected at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours under the chromatographic conditions of 2.3.3 20 L per injection. The RSDs of peak areas of gallic acid, geniposide acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin were 1.26%, 1.44%, 3.13%, 1.48%, 3.03%, 2.12%, 3.76%, 2.02%, it shows that the sample has good stability within 24 h. Repeatability Experiment . ELE weighing 2.0 g were used as the sample, and the test solution was created using method 2.2.1. In order to determine it, the sample was injected six times in a row under 2.3.3's chromatographic conditions. The RSDs of the peak areas of gallic acid, geniposide acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin were 2.47%, 3.31%, 3.48%, 2.73%, 2.24%, 3.78%, 2.27%, and 3.69%, it shows that the method has good repeatability. Sample recovery rate. Take roughly 2.0 g of the sample (ELE), and add 6 aliquots in parallel with 10 mL of the mixed reference solution ( prepared into mixed reference solution with mass concentrations of gallic acid, geniposidic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside and quercetin of 3.15, 142.86, 255.96, 1104.26, 99.26, 64.25, 50.27 and 112.04 µg / mL respectively according to the method in 2.2.2 ) and 15 mL 50% methanol respectively to prepare test solution according to the method in 2.2.1. The peak area was noted, the average recovery and RSD were computed, and all of this was done in accordance with the chromatographic conditions described in 2.3.3. The results are shown in Table 4 . 3.2.4. Determination of Eucommia ulmoides Take approximately 2 g of each portion of Eucommia ulmoides , duplicate it three times, prepare the test solution according to Method 2.3.1, and analyze it under the chromatographic conditions described in 2.3.3. The mixed reference substance of Eucommia ulmoides and the chromatograms of each component are depicted in Fig. 7 . The gallic acid, genipinic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin peak areas are recorded, and the amount of each component to be tested was calculated using the standard curve. The results are shown in Table 5 and Fig. 9 . 3.3 Cell experimental results 3.3.1 Cell viability assay The effect of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides extract on cell viability was determined by CCK-8 method. Compared with the control group, HepG2 cell proliferation was mainly promoted when the extract concentration was lower than 200 µg/mL. When HepG2 cells were treated with 400 µg/mL extract, the survival rate of HepG2 cells decreased. Therefore, the extracts from different parts of Eucommia ulmoides were selected and the concentration was 200 µg/mL for follow-up experiments. 3.3.2 Oil red O staining HepG2 cells in the control group were cultured in complete medium for 48 h. HepG2 cells in the other groups were treated with 400 µM of OA for 48 h to induce adipogenesis, and then treated with different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides for 48 h. From the diagram, it can be seen that there are a large number of lipid droplets in the HepG2 cells of the OA group. After 48 h of treatment of HepG2 cells with different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides , the lipid droplets have a decreasing trend, which is characterized by a decrease in quantity, volume and color. lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells has been improved, and lipid fusion has been reduced. By analyzing the relative content of lipid accumulation in cells, the lipid-lowering effect of EBE and ELE was the best. The results are shown in Fig. 10 . 3.3.3 Determination of intracellular TC and TG levels By detecting the levels of TC and TG in HepG2 cells, the effects of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides on lipid in cells were determined. The results showed that OA induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells after 48 h treatment. The contents of TC and TG in OA group were 2.04 times and 2.74 times higher than those in NC group, respectively, indicating that the lipid metabolites of HepG2 cells increased and lipid metabolism was abnormal after OA treatment. However, after Eucommia ulmoides treatment, the accumulation of intracellular lipid decreased to varying degrees, and the effect of EBE and ELE was more obvious. Compared with OA group, EBE and ELE reduced TC by 17.83% and 17.49% respectively (p < 0.05) ; TG decreased 37.27%, 36.85% (p < 0.001). The effect of EBE and ELE on regulating abnormal lipid metabolism is better and there is no significant difference. The results are shown in Fig. 11 A, B. 3.3.4 Determination of intracellular ALT and AST levels After OA treatment with HepG2 cells for 48 h, ALT and AST contents in OA group were 2.74 and 1.77 times of those in NC group (p < 0.001), indicating that HepG2 cells were damaged and released aminotransferase after OA treatment. After Eucommia ulmoides treatment, the intracellular aminotransferase was reduced to different degrees, and the effect was more obvious in EBE and ELE. Compared with OA group, ALT in EBE and ELE decreased by 44.79% and 43.78%, respectively (p < 0.001); AST decreased by 14.04% and 13.06% in EBE and ELE, respectively. EBE and ELE had better effect and no significant difference was found. The results are shown in Fig. 11 C, D 3.3.5 Extraction of total RNA and detection of related genes in cells In this study, gene expressions of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC related to lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells were detected. Compared with NC group, mRNA expression of AMPK in OA group was down-regulated (p < 0.05), and mRNA expressions of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.001). Compared with OA group, mRNA expression levels of AMPK were increased in different degrees after treatment with different parts of Eucommia ulmoides , while mRNA expression levels of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were decreased. Therefore, the improvement of hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells by Eucommia ulmoides may be related to the regulation of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC signaling pathways, and it can be seen from the figure that EBE and ELE have obvious regulatory effects on gene expression levels, with no significant difference. The results are shown in Fig. 11 E, F, G, H and Fig. 12 . Conclusion In conclusion, there were certain differences in the types and contents of chemical components in different parts of Eucommia ulmoides . Among them, 81 kinds of EBE, 90 kinds of ELE, 67 kinds of EFE and 53 kinds of ESE, and ELE, EFE, ESE contained 64, 46 and 35 same active compounds, respectively, compared with EBE. The contents of genipine side, turbinol diglucoside and quercetin in the EBE were higher; chlorogenic acid, catechin and rutin in the ELE were higher. In addition, all parts of Eucommia ulmoides could reduce the accumulation of lipid droplets in HepG2 cells induced by OA to some extent and protect the liver function damage of HepG2 cells. Eucommia ulmoides can regulate the expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC by activating AMPK signaling pathway, inhibit the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and promote lipid metabolism, and have the effect of regulating lipid metabolism. The results are shown in Fig. 12 . The ability to regulate lipid metabolism : EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE, and there is no significant difference between ELE and EBE. Jiang et al . demonstrated that catechins promote lipid decomposition by regulating the cAMP/PKA pathways 43 . Fujikawa et al. showed that intervention with ELE containing chlorogenic acid, geniposidic acid, and asperuloside significantly alleviated HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders 44 . Other studies have also shown that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin can regulate lipid metabolism 43 , 45 , 46 . These active compounds also exist in EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE. Therefore, the regulation of lipid metabolism in Eucommia ulmoides may depend on their specific components and have a certain relationship with the content of components, and the presence of multiple components may have synergistic effects. In conclusion, the activity strength of Eucommia ulmoides is related to the components and content of each part, and there may be synergistic effect between different components. There was no significant difference in lipid lowering effect between ELE and EBE. Therefore, ELE may be used as the "flat replacement" of EBE to provide data support and theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of Eucommia ulmoides . Abbreviated words Eucommia ulmoides bark (EBE), Eucommia ulmoides leaves (ELE), Eucommia ulmoides flowers (EFE), Eucommia ulmoides seeds (ESE), Oleic acid (OA) Abbreviations Eucommia ulmoides bark (EBE), Eucommia ulmoides leaves (ELE), Eucommia ulmoides flowers (EFE), Eucommia ulmoides seeds (ESE), Oleic acid (OA) Declarations Author Contributions PG and PZ drafted the manuscript. XC, WS and PW prepared Figure 1-9, YG, ZW and NL, WZ, BZ prepared Table 1-3. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Acknowledgements We thank Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 2021ZDLNY04-01) for their financial support. Compliance with Ethical Standards Funding This study was funded by the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province of China (2021ZDLNY04-01). Conflict of Interest Pin Gong declares that she has no conflict of interest. Peitao Zhai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Xuefeng Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Wangyang Sun declares that he has no conflict of interest. Peipei Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yuxi Guo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhineng Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Nan Li declares that she has no conflict of interest. Wenjun Zhai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Benzhong Zheng declares that he has no conflict of interest. Informed Consen Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Ethical Approval This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects. Data Availability Statement Data openly available in a public repository. Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2934924","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":201144891,"identity":"4bea1ea4-e4d1-435a-9695-85d60ff90fe6","order_by":0,"name":"Pin Gong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACAwY5KIuZeC3GQJKxgQQtDAyJDURrkXfvPfy6oOBO+vwZ6c8fMFRYJzawnz2AV4vhmXNp1jMMnuVuuJFj2MBwJj2xgScvAb+WGTlmxjwGh3M3SOQwNjC2HU5skOAxIEpLuvyM9IcNjP+I0CIvkWP8GKglgeFGgmEDYwMRWgx4zpgxzzA4bLjhzBvDGQnH0o3beHII2NLeY/y54M9hefn29AcfPtRYy/aznyFgywEGNmk4LwGI2fCqB9nSwMD8mZCiUTAKRsEoGOEAANkxRjw1csmeAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pin","middleName":"","lastName":"Gong","suffix":""},{"id":201144892,"identity":"ab5d1aaf-0ac4-4b9a-b518-4e7202a51df8","order_by":1,"name":"Pengtao Zhai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pengtao","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhai","suffix":""},{"id":201144895,"identity":"3460e7e9-90bf-46f3-a432-a42826effc8d","order_by":2,"name":"Xuefeng Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuefeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":201144900,"identity":"cfa8c110-cddf-4161-8cd4-90e3a9f3edd6","order_by":3,"name":"Wangyang Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wangyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":201144902,"identity":"709a5caa-3f22-4961-8c76-84c2936d98cc","order_by":4,"name":"Peipei Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peipei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":201144903,"identity":"82ee2be8-c46d-4dd7-8d18-e44e0e5ec3a3","order_by":5,"name":"Yuxi Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuxi","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":201144904,"identity":"6fc15159-107c-49b6-ba04-cd0116453913","order_by":6,"name":"Zhineng Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhineng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":201144905,"identity":"c4f777df-ccde-48de-a049-9e78d4912907","order_by":7,"name":"Nan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":201144906,"identity":"f534c1e8-ca27-4e1b-a54d-a2a80692508b","order_by":8,"name":"Wenjun Zhai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University，Xi 'an","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenjun","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhai","suffix":""},{"id":201144907,"identity":"17b376e4-4b8d-40f7-99c4-ba940bc2450f","order_by":9,"name":"Benzhong Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Natural Will Biology Company","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benzhong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-05-15 02:14:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2934924/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2934924/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":37251453,"identity":"c9c8f007-ac84-42b9-b628-a155f4f25613","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":208073,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTotal ion chromatogram of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e 50% ethanol extract in negative ion mode (A. EBE; B. ELE; C. EFE; D. ESE)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/ea256ff31ad6cde51b99893f.png"},{"id":37251451,"identity":"4fbf7759-92b4-4fae-b7da-d11375ad9006","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":183898,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eA diagram for rapid classification and tentative identification of 119 chemical constituents in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003eby UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and characteristic ion filtering.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/f9684e2f085e525669b4f6ad.png"},{"id":37251450,"identity":"70d3269c-b9d5-4fee-89a3-7ce902e8ebf6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary mass spectrum(A) of and negative ion mode fragmentation pathway(B) of Pinoresinol diglucoside\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/49fb701d608611b371997322.png"},{"id":37252349,"identity":"cfd0a2d7-ca13-411d-bea8-67f9c8d35300","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:55:07","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":62589,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary mass spectra(A) and negative ion mode fragmentation pathway(B) of Geniposidic acid\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/9628b268bf1acd0f42eebb5b.png"},{"id":37252350,"identity":"b5f0d871-426d-46e9-8cf4-7cf593f097df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:55:07","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55936,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary mass spectra(A) and negative ion mode fragmentation pathway(B) of Rutin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/e6ea59b3860638200f1f8584.png"},{"id":37251448,"identity":"3e89c82f-d3f6-4e58-8e95-c99f44d07637","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":22437,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary mass spectra(A) and negative ion mode fragmentation pathway(B) of Chlorogenic acid\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/49632f040f8300eaad640afa.png"},{"id":37252888,"identity":"267fa16a-f39a-4643-b0b3-cd4c355549ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 17:03:07","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":24881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary mass spectra(A) and negative ion mode fragmentation pathway(B) of Ferulic acid\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/4d9ace302bcba2e5495c6b59.png"},{"id":37251454,"identity":"0902d1f0-8962-47dd-906d-d3c4a8fc8564","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1276263,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChromatograms of various parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e and mixed standards (A. Mixed standards; B. EBE; C. ELE; D. EFE; E. ESE)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: 1 Gallic acid, 2 Genipinolate acid, 3 Catechin, 4 Chlorogenic acid, 5 Pinoresinol diglucoside, 6 Rutin, 7 Hyperin, 8 Quercetin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/5f775b348cfc5c7db387eae9.png"},{"id":37252352,"identity":"a3f19c6a-c350-43f3-9983-35fd215ae213","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:55:07","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":89017,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchematic diagram of content distribution of active ingredients in different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/46c1e849b4b6704824c9445d.png"},{"id":37251458,"identity":"4f5374b2-bf8f-4a51-a49d-476e9f170953","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2387196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffects of different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e on lipid deposition in HepG2 cells induced by OA for 48 h ( Oil red staining, × 200 )\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/5b917e7892a32681708cae7b.jpg"},{"id":37251455,"identity":"f79bd5ec-7e86-46c4-8b48-40c5f084e3e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":193376,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRegulation of lipid metabolism in different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(***\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001, **\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.01,*\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/d62f4fc14504add57f8b9f7c.png"},{"id":37251459,"identity":"93dc2879-904c-4ac1-83be-d7145105afa5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-19 16:47:07","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1463560,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDiagram of lipid metabolism regulation in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/ec11f0cd51d5a351f0137476.png"},{"id":37449457,"identity":"e23588ff-8093-4fcd-9d39-156ae2251e1b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-24 16:44:33","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2893006,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2934924/v1/f659a7b5-3e5f-40a1-b813-1afff87d1597.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study on chemical composition analysis and lipid metabolism regulation activity of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e Oliv.is a plant of \u003cem\u003eEucommia\u003c/em\u003e genus of Eucommiaceae, also known as jiaomu, silianpi, simianpi, yusipi, etc. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e earliest recorded in the ' Shen Nong ' s Herbal ', has been more than two thousand years of history\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. As a particularly well-known Chinese medicine, according to the ' Chinese Pharmacopoeia ' records, the main function of \u003cem\u003eEucommia\u003c/em\u003e is to nourish the liver and kidney, strong tendons and bones, tocolysis, kidney and yang\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Modern research has revealed that \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e contains multiple substances, including lignans, iridoids, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids, \u003cem\u003eetc.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, as well as an assortment of amino acids and trace minerals. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the medicinal parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e are the bark and leaves \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and it has the pharmacological effects of \u0026ldquo;nourishing the liver and kidney, strengthening the body and bones, and soothing the fetus\u0026rdquo; \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In the past two decades, EBE have become a popular functional health food and plant medicinal material. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, blood pressure-lowering, hypoglycemic, and other biological properties \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. It also possesses anti-obesity, anti-fatigue, anti-osteoporosis, anti-biosis, \u003cem\u003eetc.\u003c/em\u003e properties \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Current research on \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e by both domestic and international scholars focuses on pharmacological activity, composition analysis, and quality evaluation, among other topics \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, the long growth time of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e and the large scale bark cutting are easy to cause tree death, which limits the sustainable use of this plant resource. Therefore, finding an alternative to \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e bark is crucial. In recent years, studies have shown that the leaves and flowers of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e contain similar compounds to the bark of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, but their active ingredients and content are different\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, as a whole, there are some differences in chemical composition, content and activity between different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. At present, the research on \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e mainly focuses on the bark and leaves\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and the systematic component analysis and activity comparison of different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e are relatively few. In recent years, great advantages in specificity and sensitivity have been demonstrated by the application of liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and effective chromatographic separation for qualitative analysis of compounds within herbal extracts can be applied to phytochemical studies\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17 CR18\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Yan \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e used liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Triple TOF MS/MS) to characterize or identify 27 of these chemical components \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. He \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 113 compounds, including 23 compounds that may be novel, were tentatively identified \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Luo \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e used UPLC-QE high resolution mass spectrometry negative ion monitoring mode for qualitative analysis, and a total of 98 compounds were identified. There is a strong correlation between the pharmacological effects of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e and its chemical components. Studies have demonstrated that genipin, geniposidic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, and aucubin have antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR24\" citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; Chlorogenic acid exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic activities\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; geniposide, chlorogenic acid, aucubin, and rutin have lipid-lowering properties \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR29 CR30\" citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Gong \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e found the main components of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves combine well with the core proteins regulating lipid metabolism, especially flavonoids.. Lee \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e found EUE and its two active constituents, aucubin and geniposide, inhibited palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation through secretion of apolipoprotein B and associated triglycerides and cholesterol in human HepG2 hepatocytes. Yang \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e found the effects of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e and its active constituents on hepatocyte and intramuscular fibroblast growth, lipid metabolism and collagen metabolism of Grass carp were studied \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e. The results showed that bark and leaves of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, quercetin, hesperidin all promoted hepatocyte growth and lipid metabolism, and promoted collagen deposition in intramuscular fibroblasts, partly due to AKT/TOR, PPAR alpha and TGF-beta/Smads/CTGF signaling pathways. Hao \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e found chlorogenic acid ( CGA ) -rich extract of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves can regulate cholesterol and has a lipid-lowering effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown that EBE and ELE contain eight identical bioactive ingredients, and fecal bacteria suspensions containing EBE and ELE significantly improved HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and elevated blood glucose levels\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The results showed that EBE and ELE contained similar active ingredients and significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorders and blood glucose levels in the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo far, there is no report on the comparative analysis of component analysis and lipid metabolism regulation activity of baek, leaves, flowers and seeds of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. Therefore, this experiment used UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and established HPLC analysis method to compare the qualitative and content differences of 50% ethanol water extract in different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. The regulation and mechanism of lipid metabolism in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were explored by cell experiments to understand whether other parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e have the same potential as bark, and to provide scientific basis for further rational development and quality control of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Chemicals and Reagents\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethanol (chromatographic grade), acetonitrile (chromatographic grade), and formic acid (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Semerfeld Technology Company; Methanol (analytical grade), ethanol (analytical grade), and phosphoric acid (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. ; Deionized water was prepared using the ULTRAPURE (TYPE1) WATER pure water system; standard products All ingredients were bought from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (purity 98%); HepG2 cells were donated by Northwest A \u0026amp; F University; Improved oil red O dye purchased from Beyotime Bioreagent Co., Ltd; TC, TG, ALT, AST and BCA kits were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute; Total RNA extraction kit was purchased from Beijing Solaibao Technology Co., LTD; Both RNA reverse transcription kits and fluorescence quantitative PCR kits are purchased from Biosharp.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Plant Materials and Sample Preparation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were collected in Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province (latitude 105.42\u0026prime;53\u0026prime;\u0026prime;N, longitude 33.23\u0026prime;6\u0026prime;\u0026prime;E); the bark of Eucommia accumulates and sweats until the inner bark turns purple-brown and is then sun-dried; the leaves of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e are dried at 50\u0026deg;C; and Eucommia male flowers and Eucommia seeds are allowed the bark and seeds of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were trimmed, and the leaves were crushed and put through a sieve with an 80-mesh opening.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2.1 Preparation of Sample Solutions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproximately 2 g of the treated \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e sample was weighed, and 40 mL of ethanol at a concentration of 50% was added. The sample was extracted twice using a constant-temperature water bath at 70\u0026deg;C for 50 minutes per extraction, and the filtrates were mixed twice. The resulting filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and dissolved in 20 mL of 50 percent methanol in a centrifuge tube. The filtrate was centrifuged at 12,000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was collected. Before injection, a 0.22 \u0026micro;m membrane filter was passed through the supernatant, which was kept at 4\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2.2 Preparation of Standard Solution\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing methanol as a solvent, a mixed reference solution of gallic acid, genipinic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hypericin and quercetin was prepared, and the mass concentrations were respectively 300 \u0026micro;g/mL, 520 \u0026micro;g/mL, 220 \u0026micro;g/mL, 220 \u0026micro;g/mL, 280 \u0026micro;g/mL, 320 \u0026micro;g/mL, 140 \u0026micro;g/mL, 200 \u0026micro;g/mL, then the mixed standard solution was diluted with methanol to a series of appropriate concentrations to establish a standard curve. All solutions were stored at 4\u0026deg;C and passed through 0.22 \u0026micro;m filters for HPLC analysis before injection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Chromatography and MS Conditions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.1 Qualitative Analysis Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUHPLC analysis was performed on a Vanquish UHPLC system equipped with a Waters Acquity UPLC\u0026reg; HSS T3 (1.8 \u0026micro;m, 2.1\u0026times;100 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B), the flow rate was set to 0.3 mL/min at 40\u0026deg;C, and the injection volume was 2 \u0026micro;L. The gradient elution conditions were: 5% B at 0.01-4 min, 5\u0026ndash;10% B at 4\u0026ndash;10 min, 10\u0026ndash;13% B at 10\u0026ndash;25 min, 13\u0026ndash;27% B at 25\u0026ndash;37 min, 27\u0026ndash;90% B at 37\u0026ndash;45 min, 90% B at 45\u0026ndash;49 min, 90\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5% B at 49\u0026ndash;50 min, and 5% B at 50\u0026ndash;56 min \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mass spectrometry was performed using a Thermo Q-EX active mixed quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer with Heated electrospray ionization (HESI). Ionization mode: negative ion; capillary voltage: -2.5 kV; ion source temperature: 350\u0026deg;C; capillary temperature: 320\u0026deg;C; sheath gas: 30 arbs; auxiliary gas: 10 arbs; purge gas: 3 arbs; mass scan range: m/z 200\u0026ndash;2000; acquisition mode: Full MS/dd MS2; resolution: 70,000 for MS1 and 17,500 for MS2; collision gas: high-purity nitrogen; using Compound Discover (MZcloud) software, the principal peak (response strength\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5%) was systematically chemically identified.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.2 Data preprocessing of LC-MS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data preprocessing included four steps; the first step was to summarize the compounds of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e based on literature research and phytochemical studies. The second step was to choose the appropriate standards for each kind of compound. Then, sections of the \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e samples were prepared and collected. By using primary mass spectrometry and fragment data, the cleavage law was condensed. The primary peak of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was located using MetDNA and Compound Discover (MZcloud) program (Response Intensity\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5%). Finally, the original mass spectrometry data's raw file was imported into the MZ mine software for peak extraction, peak alignment, noise filtering, etc. MZ mine software then compared the identification findings to export the precise peak area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.3 Quantitative Analysis Method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor quantitative analysis, liquid chromatography Waters 1525 (Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. On a Select \u0026reg; CSH TM C18 (4.6250 mm 5 m) column and PDA detector, samples were separated. A 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile constituted the mobile phase (B). The flow rate at 30\u0026deg;C was fixed at 1 mL/min. 5\u0026ndash;15% B at 0\u0026ndash;28 min, 15\u0026ndash;25% B at 28\u0026ndash;35 min, 25\u0026ndash;35% B at 35\u0026ndash;45 min, and 35\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5% B at 45\u0026ndash;55 min were the gradient elution conditions for a 20 \u0026micro;L injection volume.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Cell experiments\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.1 Cell culture\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cells were grown in an incubator with 5% CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e at 37\u0026deg;C using the complete medium, which was made up of the DMEM, FBS, and penicillin/streptomycin at a ratio of 89:10:1. The cell lipid model was induced by Oleic acid (OA) and cultured in an incubator containing 5% CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e at 37℃.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.2 Cell viability assay\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a 96-well plate, 200 \u0026micro;L of cell suspension was added to each well to maintain the cell concentration at 1\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e/well, and cell culture was performed in a CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e incubator. Extracts of different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were prepared with complete medium at concentrations of 12.5,25,50,100,200 and 400 \u0026micro;g/mL, and the cells in 96-well plates were cultured for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. After the culture was completed, 20 \u0026micro;L of CCK-8 solution was added to each hole under dark conditions. The holes with the corresponding amount of cell culture medium and CCK-8 but without cells were used as blanks, and the holes with the corresponding amount of cell suspension and CCK-8 but without \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e extract were used as controls. After 4 hours of culture in the incubator, the 96-well plate was removed and placed on a shaker for 10 minutes. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.3 OA concentration selection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the determination of OA concentration in the laboratory, 400 \u0026micro;M OA was selected to induce HepG2 cells for 48 h to establish the steatosis cell model.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.4 Oil red O staining\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil red O staining was performed according to the kit instructions and photographed under a microscope. After staining, the cells were rinsed repeatedly with distilled water to remove the surface floating color, and then 300 \u0026micro;L isopropanol was added to dissolve the oil red dye. The absorbance of 100 \u0026micro;L oil red solution was measured at 490 nm in a 96-well plate to calculate the relative content of lipids in HepG2 cells.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.5 Determination of intracellular TC and TG levels\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter the cell culture was completed, the cells were rinsed twice with PBS, 0.5 mL of trypsin was added to each well, and then 1 mL of complete cell culture medium was added, and then the cell suspension was placed in a centrifuge tube. After centrifugation at 1000 r/min for 10 min, the cell precipitate was retained. PBS 1 mL was added to the cell precipitate, and the cells were broken by ultrasonic disruptor on ice. After the cells were completely broken, centrifuged, and the supernatant was taken to determine the contents of TC and TG. Another part of the supernatant was used to determine the protein content in the cells by BCA kit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.6 Determination of intracellular ALT and AST levels\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter the cells were broken according to the method of 2.4.4, they were measured by ALT and AST kits. After hepatocyte injury, ALT and AST levels were significantly increased. The increase of ALT and AST levels can indicate the severity of liver cell injury.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.7 Extraction of total RNA and detection of related genes in cells\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimers AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were designed by Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Total RNA was extracted according to the method of Solarbio kit. After the total RNA extraction was completed, the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The expression levels of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC genes were detected by qRT-PCR, and GAPDH gene was used as internal reference. Primer sequence as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimer sequences of genes measured by qRT-PCR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026prime;-3\u0026prime; Primer sequence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBase number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMPK-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACA GGC ATA TGG TGG TCC ATA GAG A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMPK-R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTG GGT GAG CCA CAA CTT GTT C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSREBP-1c-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCG GAG CCA TGG ATT GCA C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSREBP-1c-R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCTC TTC CTT GAT ACC AGG CCC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFAS-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAC ATC GAC TGC ATC AGG CA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFAS-R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAT ACT TTC CCG TCG CAT AC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACC-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGA TGT CAA TCT CCC TGC AGC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACC-R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTG CCT CTT CTC TGT TTT CTC CCC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAPDH-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATC ACT GCC ACC CAG AAG AC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAPDH-R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGA TCC ACG ACG GAC ACA TT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Qualitative Results\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUntargeted metabolomics and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS techniques were used to determine the structures of metabolites from various \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e sections, the chromatogram of total ion flow in negative ion mode is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Based on literature analysis, the chemical composition database of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was organized, and the initial classification of the compounds covered by \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was established. Then, for each type of compound, the fragmentation rules of various compounds were summarized based on the literature. Next, the identification results were further confirmed based on the self-built database (MZ mine), the public compound database (Compound Discover) and the mass spectrometry fragmentation rule synthesis and application.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrough test knowledge processes, the chemical components in various parts of the \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were analyzed for various metabolites by each appraisal; the appraisal standard is the total ion current intensity in the figure above 5%; a total of 119 compounds were identified, including 19 flavonoids, 9 phenols, 10 phenylpropanoids, 6 iridoids, 19 organic acids, 4 lignins, and 52 alkaloids, terpenoids, sugars, ketones, esters, pyranoids and other compounds. There were 81 kinds of EBE, 90 kinds of ELE, 67 kinds of EFE and 53 kinds of ESE, and ELE, EFE, ESE contained 64, 46 and 35 same active compounds, respectively, compared with EBE. The results are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003eand\u003c/b\u003e Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompounds in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e 50% ethanol extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN0.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et\u003csub\u003eR\u003c/sub\u003e(min)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[M\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;H]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMS2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eError (ppm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGluconic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195.04985\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0399、129.0182、105.0181、87.0075、75.0074、59.0124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-Threonic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.978\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135.02827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.0181、89.0231、75.0074、72.9917、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatechin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e289.0707\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228.9841、186.9733、133.0131、115.0025、89.0231、71.0124、61.8082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFumaric acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.00191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.0639、71.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDL-Malic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.0126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.0025、89.0231、71.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaleic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.0025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111.1266、104.5635、91.9608、75.0462、71.0125、52.7519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etrans-Aconitic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.00789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154.9977、129.0181、111.0076、85.0282、72.9918、67.0174、57.0333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsocitric acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.0194\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.9376、123.9453、102.9475、87.9240\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCitric acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.01868\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.0083、154.9977、129.0181、117.0181、111.0075、85.0281、72.9917、57.0331\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2-Furoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111.00694\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.9537、85.0280、67.0176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrogallol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.383\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125.02408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.0281、82.0384、75.5420\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCitraconic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.445\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129.01774\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.4394、81.6979、61.9869、58.5284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethylmalonic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.01754\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.0075、74.8910、73.0281\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Butene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.655\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187.02381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.0862、159.8780、141.8672、125.0961、122.8930、97.0645\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGallic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.0136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143.0702、126.0268、122.8931、97.0281、69.0332、61.9870、\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAucubin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e345.1198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183.0655、15.0550、147.0442、139.0391、121.0285、99.0439、81.0333、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeacetylasperulosidic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e389.1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e335.9400、290.0418、227.0569、183.0654、165.0549、147.0442、139.0391、11.0283、99.0439、89.0230、71.0124、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.05496\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150.0313、136.9310、122.0362、93.0333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125.02408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.0283、81.0331、69.0332、54.7843\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResorcinol monoacetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.483\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151.03968\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123.0076、108.0205、95.0126、85.0282、69.0332、61.9869、57.0331\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeniposidic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e373.1149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211.0611、167.0705、149.0598、123.0440、105.0333、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGentisic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.416\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153.01784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110.0318、109.0283、108.0204、81.0332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrocinnamic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.06064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332、61.0321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Hydroxybenzylalcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.499\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123.04311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.0289、105.0333、95.0489\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2S,3S)-(-)-3-Phenylglycidol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.06018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.0361、129.4703、121.0648、119.0491、107.0492、103.9191、85.6481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatechol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109.02778\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108.0204、91.0176、81.0331、72.2504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocatechuic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153.01886\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123.0076、109.0283、108.0204、95.0125、85.0281、81.0330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-)-Epicatechin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e289.07116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e272.0775、212.0565、200.0560、170.0450、140.0717、128.0342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4'-Methoxyacetophenone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.06022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicylic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.856\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.02285\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.2594、94.0367、93.0333、\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.06543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132.8668、112.9844、68.9944、56.7246\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEsculin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.382\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339.07199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e278.7417、245.6593、222.6391、206.2766、177.0187、133.0284、100.1803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.06031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.0361、121.0645、119.0493、106.0411、100.4253、93.0332、71.3233、61.0321、55.7656\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.286\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.02875\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.0490、112.9199、89.9242、73.0279、54.6957\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsophthalic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.556\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.01799\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150.0307、136.9307、119.0489、96.9588、75.0073、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e311.05554\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267.0869、221.0452、177.0550、169.1629、149.0599、135.0444、109.0281、82.1058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApocynin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.838\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.05514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150.0313、122.0362、93.0333、75.0072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsovanillic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.779\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167.03454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152.0103、120.8975、111.0078、108.0204、95.0125、61.9871\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorogenic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e353.0881\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.0555、179.0346、173.0447、161.0231、135.0437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-(-)-Quinic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.05482\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.0441、146.9375、127.0338、102.9474、93.0333、85.0281、59.0123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScopoletin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.03442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.8720、146.9378、123.9452、102.9476、87.9239、61.9870\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulegone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.306\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151.11222\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127.1627、123.0078、109.0283、95.0125、85.0281、68.9969、58.6287\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2-Methylbenzoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.633\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135.04346\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.1308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaffeic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.651\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e179.03422\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135.0441、104.9268、90.9970、61.9868\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhthaldialdehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.02897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.0025、89.0231、72.9917、71.0125、59.0124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-dicaffeoylquinic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e353.0887\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.0555、173.0446、161.243、135.0438、111.0438、93.0331、85.0280、69.0297、56.3629\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScoparone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.231\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205.05022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167.0709、157.8621、147.0443、131.7027、98.6272、91.0538、70.0284、58.0284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSyringic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.724\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197.04492\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.9441、162.8383、153.8987、141.9116、113.9541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.681\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191.03464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.8717、146.9377、123.9454、119.9137、111.0074、105.9343、102.9475、87.9239、61.9870\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenylacetone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.722\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.06539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112.9844、104.9944、68.9944、56.7246\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeniposide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e387.0940\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e283.4284、207.1027、113.0236、101.0229、71.0124、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2-Hydroxycinnamic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.0395\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145.0132、117.0181、99.0075、72.9917、57.0332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoumarin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145.02898\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.9195、104.9946、82.4537、71.3421、56.1865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMatairesinol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357.13363\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211.0622、195.0656、149.0597、123.0440、115.4441、86.1618、71.0124、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenylacetaldehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.04849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.0331、78.8503、73.0281、61.9869、57.9853、53.1580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7-Hydroxycoumarine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161.02355\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e157.1703、147.7839、133.0284、117.9695、104.0249、94.0514、77.4781\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCycloolivil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e375.14554\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e360.1223、310.1386、262.7780、215.6857、207.0655、195.0658、179.0706、164.0471、154.0267、146.0363、122.0362、73.7021、57.3589\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuberic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173.08072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155.0705、129.0910、111.0803、83.0489、57.0332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyricetin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.837\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e317.02955\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266.4827、152.0106、108.0204、85.0280、53.4477\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFerulic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193.04969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0553、158.8458、132.4061、80.6561、69.4318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxifolin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e303.05046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285.0421、241.0523、217.0501、193.0492、175.0393、151.0025、125.0233、83.0130、\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIbuprofen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205.12289\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164.0709、157.8621、147.0443、131.7027、98.6272、91.0538、70.0284、61.9871、58.0284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-(5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2-(\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl \u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-glucopyranoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e27\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e609.14689\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401.1190、343.0476、300.0282、271.0225、255.0300、243.0291、178.9975、151.0026、108.0203、61.2550\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiceatannol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e243.06574\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200.0563、183.3261、164.9407、152.0341、140.0342、122.0237、110.0236、104.9193、82.0286、66.0335、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuercetin-3-O-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-sambubioside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e595.1318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e550.8728、370.1116、300.0280、271.0255、255.0298、243.0301、151.0020、127.5871、65.9342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuercetin-3-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-glucoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.358\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e463.08765\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e387.4681、300.0284、271.0257、255.0304、243.0303、178.9982、151.0027、107.0126、71.2440\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-xylopyranosyl-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-glucopyranoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.358\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e595.13086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e317.4266、300.0285、271.0256、255.0316、239.3803、168.0706、127.3736、115.0240、85.4388、56.7073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOlivil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e375.1461\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e291.3242、207.0660、191.0714、179.0703、122.0363、91.9541、82.6245\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Male Flowers;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarvone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.373\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.09656\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.0361、129.4703、121.0648、119.0491、107.0492、103.9191、93.0332、85.6481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsorhamnetin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e315.0503\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e262.7986、201.9173、151.0105、140.4954、124.9090、108.0204、103.5778、60.6456\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsoquercetin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e463.0897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e301.0359、175.0026、11.0024、121.0258、107.0125、91.9608、65.0017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.719\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181.04953\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.0393、156.3245、152.9165、135.0440、119.0488、104.9267、92.9187、72.9917、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinoresinol diglucoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e32\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e42\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e681.2326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e519.3173、357.9492、300.0281、271.0251、255.0299、151.0032、\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehyperoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e463.0894\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300.0282、271.0254、255.0302、243.0302、178.9981、151.0027、121.0284、71.2439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRutin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e27\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.556\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e609.14627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e459.0941、301.0282、271.0257、255.0305、243.0303、178.9977、151.0028、117.3030、57.3401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCynaroside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e447.09308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e284.0334、255.0303、227.0350、211.0379、111.4321、93.0330、75.4421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 2-O-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-xylopyranosyl-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3- D-glucopyranoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e27\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.768\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e609.14617\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e570.1230、402.3660、300.0284、271.0257、255.0330、243.0309、178.9974、151.0031、107.0129、85.8467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAzelaic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187.09661\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.0858、159.8778、141.8671、125.0960、122.8930、97.0646、61.9870、57.0333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsorhapontigenin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e257.08143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236.9792、221.8427、208.9842、170.9871、142.9914、140.9959、92.9945、64.7291\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuercetin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.737\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e301.03438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241.0843、179.0817、161.0712、152.0708、144.0291、140.0706、96.0078、82.0649、72.0077、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaringeninchalcone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271.06078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0180、169.0138、151.0026、119.0490、107.0126、93.0332、83.0125、65.0018、63.0226\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNictoflorin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e27\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.322\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e593.15108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e403.5522、327.0510、285.0410、255.0302、227.0350、187.0389、151.0023、88.9865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKaempferol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285.03962\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e224.8795、210.9003、204.9438、168.8887、158.9376、152.8940、103.9190、96.9587、78.9577、71.0123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKaempferol-7-O-glucoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e447.09284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e284.0334、255.0303、227.0350、227.0350、211.0379、111.4321、93.0330、75.4421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDodecanedioic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.559\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229.14414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211.1338、209.1181、183.1386、171.1022、127.1117、104.3406、80.5715、59.8510\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAstragalin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.709\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e447.0934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e396.8459、327.0514、284.0331、255.0301、227.0349、183.2364、151.0032、110.3636、67.2370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEriodictyol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.377\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e287.05589\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266.9857、226.9945、216.9892、154.9911、141.1271、114.5796、58.6105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcetophenone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.04975\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.9199、89.9242、82.0912、73.0279、61.9868、56.9885\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCitrinin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.423\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e249.07648\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234.1131、206.1625、157.8616、91.9554、61.9868\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13,14-dihydro-15-keto-tetranor Prostaglandin F1\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299.18648\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263.1669、201.1126、183.1019、155.1070、143.0701、127.1113、97.0644、85.0281、59.0124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Methylumbelliferone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.927\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175.03931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160.9762、146.9601、118.9650、112.0231、68.7685、55.3750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-tert-Butyladipic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201.11234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183.1020、164.8348、157.1217、139.1118、111.0803、97.7297、77.4289、61.9868、57.0331\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Methoxycinnamic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.699\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.05522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.0075、74.8910、73.0281\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaidzein\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.694\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e253.05035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232.9842、220.8503、209.1544、161.8547、116.9945、103.9188、81.5684、61.9870\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaringenin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271.06092\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.0180、169.0138、151.0026、119.0490、107.0126、94.9278、93.0332、83.0125、65.0018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12-Oxo phytodienoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e291.19607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263.1668、247.2077、235.1702、207.1382、181.1220、97.0644、71.0488、59.0124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolygodial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233.15399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.4045、103.9293、85.1577、66.0821、53.9818\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(15Z)-9,12,13-Trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e34\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.387\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e329.23395\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e311.2233、297.4037、268.9826、240.9884、201.1127、171.1016、139.1118、127.1118、100.9989、81.3899、68.9943、61.4459\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadicinin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.502\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235.06062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199.8499、189.8498、142.3827、134.8929、70.0963、59.0125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eButylparaben\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.088\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193.08621\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0543、158.8457、138.2055、114.1663、101.9236、82.7388、71.6873、61.9867\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD,L-Camphor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151.11236\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105.1453、83.4470\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19-Norandrostenedione\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.387\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271.16967\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166.8998\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5-Phenylcyclohexane-1,3-dione\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.606\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187.07597\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.0858、159.8778、141.8671、125.0960、97.0646、61.9870、57.0333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSedanolide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193.12279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0553、158.8458、132.4601、80.6561、69.4318、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Isobutylbenzoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.953\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.09158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.0236、133.0284、105.0333、89.0383、61.6382\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19-Nortestosterone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273.18524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216.9692、188.9729、158.9776、130.9825、114.9874、102.9875、86.9924\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzophenone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181.06547\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.0393、152.9165、135.0440、119.0488、104.9267、92.9187、72.9917、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuminaldehyde\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.566\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.08115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129.0181、103.0388、87.0074、85.0281、59.0124、57.0332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsperuloside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e413.1096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e372.9826、352.9864、332.9990、306.9803、278.9862、236.8664、74.9895、54.7524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBis(4-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.671\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e413.19627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e372.9826、352.9864、332.9990、278.9862、264.9893、236.8664、74.9895、67.2243、54.7524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Ethoxy ethylbenzoate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193.08646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.0553、158.8459、127.8385、101.9235、72.7050、61.9869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthyl paraben\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.907\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.05517\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150.0313、122.0362、93.0333、75.0072、61.9871\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9S,13R-12-Oxophytodienoic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.791\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e291.19598\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e274.7763、263.1664、245.1550、236.1706、226.8456、219.1757、170.8248、147.1953、137.9935、77.8715、56.8047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves;Barks;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOleic acid alkyne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e277.21732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e274.6700、241.7982、205.1065、193.2012、172.6053、154.8770、134.8935、120.9683、113.6839、89.5210、81.2808、65.6564、57.3572\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCafestol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e315.19347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297.2444、226.7167、168.9006、135.5067、90.1676、73.8367\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarks;Male Flowers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiisobutylphthalate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e277.14419\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e253.9653、136.0185、121.0284、115.2388、107.1549、91.0175、56.0896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-)-Caryophyllene oxide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219.17473\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180.1304、174.8415、154.9917、139.8721、100.5165、85.5450、61.9868、58.0110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves; ;Male Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.469\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219.13841\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205.1237、180.0790、142.1143、128.1503、105.2340、77.0349、56.4619\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e38\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.475\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e389.2683\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e258.4850、235.3822、209.0452、165.0549、121.0648、89.1857、67.0175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale Flowers;Seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.1 Identification of lignans\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe extract of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e yielded a total of 4 lignans, the majority of which are phenylpropanoid dimers combined with 1\u0026ndash;2 glucose, and exist as monoglycosides or diglycosides; secondary mass spectrometry typically loses glucose neutral fragments; the disglycoside becomes the ion peak of the monoglycoside fragment; and the monoglycoside fragment becomes the ion peak of the obtained aglycone fragments readily lose methyl neutral fragments in the negative ion mode to form [M-H-CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e fragment ions, and the aglycon fragments readily break the furan or tetrahydrofuran ring to obtain the corresponding fragment ions in the positive and negative ion mode \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Consider pinoresinol diglucoside as an illustration of its cleavage pathway. Its quasi-molecular ion peak m/z 618 [M-H]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e loses 1\u0026ndash;2 glucose neutral fragments directly to yield fragments m/z 519 and m/z 357, and the aglycone fragments can be cleaved to yield fragment m/z 151 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.2 Identification of iridoids\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of the six identified iridoid compounds in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e extract were iridoid glycosides. The parent nuclei of these compounds were iridoid alcohols with hemiacetalol hydroxyl groups, predominantly in the form of glycosides \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Neutral fragments, such as functional groups glucose, glucose residue, H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO, CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eOH, and CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCOOH, are easily lost from the parent nucleus \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Using the mass spectrometry fragmentation of geniposidic acid as an example, the quasi-molecular ion peak m/z 373 [M-H]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e of geniposidic acid lost 1 molecule of Glc, H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO, and CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and formed fragments of m/z 21l, 167, 149, 123, and 105. The parent nucleus structure of geniposidic acid contains hemiacetal structure, which makes it simple to form two isomers of aldehyde structure, ultimately resulting in the rupture of the parent ring (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.3 Identification of flavonoids\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe extract of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was found to contain a total of 19 different flavonoids. Flavonoids formerly referred to a class of compounds whose basic nucleus was 2-phenyl-chromones, but it now refers to a series of compounds formed by the benzene ring with two phenolic hydroxyl groups through the central three-carbon atom\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. During the pyrolysis process, the glycosylation fragment is easily lost, and the aglycone fragment is obtained. The quercetin aglycone fragment can be further cracked \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Rutin is a glycoside of quercetin's rutin moiety. In the first-order mass spectrum, the quasi-molecular ion peak at m/z 609 [M-H]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e is seen. After the neutral fragment of rutin is lost, the aglycone fragment m/z 301 is formed, and RDA cracking produces the aglycone fragment m/z 151. In addition, m/z 301 loses one H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO molecule and one CO molecule to produce fragment ion m/z 255 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.4 Identification of phenylpropanoids\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtract of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was found to contain a total of 10 phenylpropanoid compounds. Phenylpropanoid is a class of compounds with one or more C6-C3 as the basic unit, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and disease resistance. The structure of the majority of identified phenylpropanoids resembles that of chlorogenic acid or a chlorogenic acid fragment. To illustrate the possible cleavage rule of the resolved phenylpropanoids, chlorogenic acid is used as an example\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Chlorogenic acid is the ester formed by caffeic acid and quinic acid, as evidenced by its excimer peak m/z 353 [M-H]\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e in the first-level mass spectrometry. The fragments m/z 191 and 179 are produced when the ester bond of chlorogenic acid is broken. Quinic acid fragment m/z 191 transforms into fragment ion m/z 173 upon the loss of one molecule of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO, and caffeic acid fragment m/z 179 transforms into fragment ion m/z 135 upon the loss of one molecule of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.5. Identification of organic acids\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtract of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e was shown to contain a total of 16 organic acid compounds. Organic acid compounds are acidic organic compounds that are commonly found in plants and have powerful antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. They readily lose CO, CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, -COOH, H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO, and CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and produce fragment ion peaks during mass spectrometry. Analyzing the possible cleavage pathways of organic acids, ferulic acid served as an example in this study. In the first-order mass spectrometry, the quasi-molecular peak m/z 193 [M-H]- could be seen. Ferulic acid lost a CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e molecule to form fragment ion m/z 177, and then a COOH molecule to form fragment 134 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Quantitative Analysis Results\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.1. Selection of Detection Wavelength\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe maximum absorption wavelengths of each reference substance were discovered to be distinct following a full-wavelength UV scan. The final wavelengths of detection were determined to be 200 nm (catechin), 220 nm (pinoresinol diglucoside), 240 nm (geniposide acid), 260 nm (gallic acid, rutin), 320 nm (chlorogenic acid), and 360 nm (hyperoside, quercetin).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.2. Selection of Mobile Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this experiment, the mobile phase (methanol-0.2% acetic acid water, acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid water, methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid water, acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid water) was investigated to determine the optimal elution conditions. The separation effect of the samples was improved when acetonitrile-0.4 percent phosphoric acid water was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution, according to the results. Under the mobile phase of 0.4% phosphoric acid water (A) -acetonitrile (B), the proportion of mobile phase was continuously varied under gradient elution conditions in order to achieve the objective of accurate detection of active components in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. Finally, gradient elution chromatographic conditions were determined as follows: (5\u0026ndash;15% B at 0\u0026ndash;28 min, 15\u0026ndash;25% B at 28\u0026ndash;35 min, 25\u0026ndash;35% B at 35\u0026ndash;45 min, 35\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5% B at 45\u0026ndash;55 min). The separation degree and peak shape of the chromatographic peak were optimal and the program was stable under these conditions. The chromatograms of the reference substance and the sample of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e are shown in (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.3. Methodological Investigation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eInvestigation of Linear Relationship\u003c/em\u003e. Use the chromatographic conditions stated in 2.3.3 to analyze the diluted standard as described in 2.2.2. Get the linear regression equation and correlation coefficient by doing linear regression with the peak area (y) matching to the mass concentration (X, g/mL) of each tested component. The results show that each component has a linear connection with the others within a particular mass concentration range. The results are shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent determination results of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e samples (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3, mg/g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent (mg/g DW)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGallic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenipinic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatechin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorogenic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinoresinol diglucoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRutin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuercetin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEBE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2857\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0734\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5704\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0952\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9827\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9773\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8749\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0826\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0634\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6257\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0829\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4793\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eELE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2402\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7911\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1092\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1337\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0724\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0215\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2976\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4546\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0729\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6628\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0963\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0831\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1094\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEFE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1156\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0976\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3427\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2031\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0961\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6469\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0715\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3091\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0994\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3394\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1476\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0797\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eESE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1285\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0694\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1805\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7804\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0445\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6791\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0776\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4922\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0926\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3479\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0748\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2641\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7226\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0661\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003ePrecision Test.\u003c/em\u003e Under the chromatographic conditions of item 2.3.3, take the combined reference drug and inject it six times continuously, each injection being 20 L. The RSDs of the peak areas of gallic acid, kynurenic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside and quercetin were 2.54%, 1.66%, 1.99%, 2.15%, 3.60% 2.49%, 2.33%, 2.32%. It shows that the precision of the instrument is good\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eStability Test\u003c/em\u003e. 2.0 g of the sample (ELE) should be taken, the test solution should be made in accordance with the instructions in 2.2.1, and the sample should be injected at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours under the chromatographic conditions of 2.3.3 20 L per injection. The RSDs of peak areas of gallic acid, geniposide acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin were 1.26%, 1.44%, 3.13%, 1.48%, 3.03%, 2.12%, 3.76%, 2.02%, it shows that the sample has good stability within 24 h.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRepeatability Experiment\u003c/em\u003e. ELE weighing 2.0 g were used as the sample, and the test solution was created using method 2.2.1. In order to determine it, the sample was injected six times in a row under 2.3.3's chromatographic conditions. The RSDs of the peak areas of gallic acid, geniposide acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin were 2.47%, 3.31%, 3.48%, 2.73%, 2.24%, 3.78%, 2.27%, and 3.69%, it shows that the method has good repeatability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eSample recovery rate.\u003c/em\u003e Take roughly 2.0 g of the sample (ELE), and add 6 aliquots in parallel with 10 mL of the mixed reference solution ( prepared into mixed reference solution with mass concentrations of gallic acid, geniposidic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside and quercetin of 3.15, 142.86, 255.96, 1104.26, 99.26, 64.25, 50.27 and 112.04 \u0026micro;g / mL respectively according to the method in 2.2.2 ) and 15 mL 50% methanol respectively to prepare test solution according to the method in 2.2.1. The peak area was noted, the average recovery and RSD were computed, and all of this was done in accordance with the chromatographic conditions described in 2.3.3. The results are shown in \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec30\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.4. Determination of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake approximately 2 g of each portion of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, duplicate it three times, prepare the test solution according to Method 2.3.1, and analyze it under the chromatographic conditions described in 2.3.3. The mixed reference substance of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e and the chromatograms of each component are depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e. The gallic acid, genipinic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin peak areas are recorded, and the amount of each component to be tested was calculated using the standard curve. The results are shown in \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;5 and\u003c/b\u003e Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Cell experimental results\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.1 Cell viability assay\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e extract on cell viability was determined by CCK-8 method. Compared with the control group, HepG2 cell proliferation was mainly promoted when the extract concentration was lower than 200 \u0026micro;g/mL. When HepG2 cells were treated with 400 \u0026micro;g/mL extract, the survival rate of HepG2 cells decreased. Therefore, the extracts from different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e were selected and the concentration was 200 \u0026micro;g/mL for follow-up experiments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec33\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.2 Oil red O staining\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepG2 cells in the control group were cultured in complete medium for 48 h. HepG2 cells in the other groups were treated with 400 \u0026micro;M of OA for 48 h to induce adipogenesis, and then treated with different extracts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e for 48 h. From the diagram, it can be seen that there are a large number of lipid droplets in the HepG2 cells of the OA group. After 48 h of treatment of HepG2 cells with different extracts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, the lipid droplets have a decreasing trend, which is characterized by a decrease in quantity, volume and color. lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells has been improved, and lipid fusion has been reduced. By analyzing the relative content of lipid accumulation in cells, the lipid-lowering effect of EBE and ELE was the best. The results are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec34\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.3 Determination of intracellular TC and TG levels\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy detecting the levels of TC and TG in HepG2 cells, the effects of different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e on lipid in cells were determined. The results showed that OA induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells after 48 h treatment. The contents of TC and TG in OA group were 2.04 times and 2.74 times higher than those in NC group, respectively, indicating that the lipid metabolites of HepG2 cells increased and lipid metabolism was abnormal after OA treatment. However, after \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e treatment, the accumulation of intracellular lipid decreased to varying degrees, and the effect of EBE and ELE was more obvious. Compared with OA group, EBE and ELE reduced TC by 17.83% and 17.49% respectively (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) ; TG decreased 37.27%, 36.85% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The effect of EBE and ELE on regulating abnormal lipid metabolism is better and there is no significant difference. The results are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003eA, B.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec35\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.4 Determination of intracellular ALT and AST levels\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter OA treatment with HepG2 cells for 48 h, ALT and AST contents in OA group were 2.74 and 1.77 times of those in NC group (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating that HepG2 cells were damaged and released aminotransferase after OA treatment. After \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e treatment, the intracellular aminotransferase was reduced to different degrees, and the effect was more obvious in EBE and ELE. Compared with OA group, ALT in EBE and ELE decreased by 44.79% and 43.78%, respectively (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001); AST decreased by 14.04% and 13.06% in EBE and ELE, respectively. EBE and ELE had better effect and no significant difference was found. The results are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003eC, D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec36\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.5 Extraction of total RNA and detection of related genes in cells\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, gene expressions of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC related to lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells were detected. Compared with NC group, mRNA expression of AMPK in OA group was down-regulated (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and mRNA expressions of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were significantly up-regulated (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Compared with OA group, mRNA expression levels of AMPK were increased in different degrees after treatment with different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, while mRNA expression levels of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC were decreased. Therefore, the improvement of hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells by \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e may be related to the regulation of AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC signaling pathways, and it can be seen from the figure that EBE and ELE have obvious regulatory effects on gene expression levels, with no significant difference. The results are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003eE, F, G, H \u003cb\u003eand\u003c/b\u003e Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eConclusion\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, there were certain differences in the types and contents of chemical components in different parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. Among them, 81 kinds of EBE, 90 kinds of ELE, 67 kinds of EFE and 53 kinds of ESE, and ELE, EFE, ESE contained 64, 46 and 35 same active compounds, respectively, compared with EBE. The contents of genipine side, turbinol diglucoside and quercetin in the EBE were higher; chlorogenic acid, catechin and rutin in the ELE were higher. In addition, all parts of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e could reduce the accumulation of lipid droplets in HepG2 cells induced by OA to some extent and protect the liver function damage of HepG2 cells. \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e can regulate the expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC by activating AMPK signaling pathway, inhibit the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and promote lipid metabolism, and have the effect of regulating lipid metabolism. The results are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e. The ability to regulate lipid metabolism : EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE, and there is no significant difference between ELE and EBE.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJiang \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. demonstrated that catechins promote lipid decomposition by regulating the cAMP/PKA pathways\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Fujikawa et al. showed that intervention with ELE containing chlorogenic acid, geniposidic acid, and asperuloside significantly alleviated HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Other studies have also shown that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin can regulate lipid metabolism\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These active compounds also exist in EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE. Therefore, the regulation of lipid metabolism in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e may depend on their specific components and have a certain relationship with the content of components, and the presence of multiple components may have synergistic effects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the activity strength of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e is related to the components and content of each part, and there may be synergistic effect between different components. There was no significant difference in lipid lowering effect between ELE and EBE. Therefore, ELE may be used as the \"flat replacement\" of EBE to provide data support and theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAbbreviated words\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e bark (EBE), \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves (ELE), \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e flowers (EFE), \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e seeds (ESE), Oleic acid (OA)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ebark (EBE),\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Eucommia ulmoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eleaves (ELE), \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e flowers (EFE), \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eseeds (ESE), Oleic acid (OA)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePG and PZ drafted the manuscript. XC, WS and PW prepared Figure 1-9, YG, ZW and NL, WZ, BZ prepared Table 1-3. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWe thank Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 2021ZDLNY04-01) for their financial support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompliance with Ethical Standards\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis study was funded by the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province of China (2021ZDLNY04-01).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePin Gong declares that she has no conflict of interest. Peitao Zhai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Xuefeng Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Wangyang Sun declares that he has no conflict of interest. Peipei Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yuxi Guo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhineng Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Nan Li declares that she has no conflict of interest. Wenjun Zhai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Benzhong Zheng declares that he has no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consen\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u003c/strong\u003e This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData openly available in a public repository.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent\u003c/strong\u003e Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang C-Y, Tang L, He J-W, Li J, Wang Y-Z (2019) Am J Chin Med 47:259\u0026ndash;300\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang L, Lyu Q, Zheng W, Yang Q, Cao G (2021) Chin Med 16:1\u0026ndash;26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePharmacopoeia NC (ed) (2010) 1, 154\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe X, Wang J, Li M, Hao D, Yang Y, Zhang C, He R, Tao R (2014) J Ethnopharmacol 151:78\u0026ndash;92\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDong J, Ma X, Fu Z, Guo Y (2011) Ind Crops Prod 34:1102\u0026ndash;1110\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMeng S, Cao J, Feng Q, Peng J, Hu Y (2013) \u003cem\u003eEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM\u003c/em\u003e, 2013, 1\u0026ndash;11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeorge M (2010) J Med Plants Res 4:2503\u0026ndash;2511\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBai M, Shi W, Tian J, Lei M, Kim JH, Sun Y, Kim YH, Gao J (2015) J Agric Food Chem 63:2198\u0026ndash;2205\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZheng J, Liu D, Zhao S, Su J, Yan Q, Chen L, Xiao Y, Zhang C (2012) traditional Chin Med herbs 35:304\u0026ndash;306\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi J, Xu B, Li G, Yan B (2018) Mod Chin Med 20:936\u0026ndash;942\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXi X, Wang W, Cui X, Guo H (2018) Mod Chin Med 20:310\u0026ndash;315\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePi J, Xia W, Rui W, Feng Y, Guo J (2016) Chem Nat Compd 52:144\u0026ndash;148\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLuo L-f, Wu W-h, Zhou Y-j, Yan J (2010) G.-p. Yang and D.-s. Ouyang. 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1:e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang D-W, Chang W-C, Yang H-J, Wu JS-B, Shen S-C (2018) Int J Mol Sci 19:254\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeng L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Song P, Wei L, Zhao G, Yan Z (2020) Food Sci Nutr 8:199\u0026ndash;213\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTables 4 and 5 are not available with this version\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"\u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, Component analysis, Content determination, AMPK, Lipid metabolism","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2934924/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2934924/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e has lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anti-aging effects. The main medicinal part of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e bark (EBE), but its slow growth and peeling easily lead to tree death, which limits the extensive use of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e resources and causes the lack of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e resources. It is not clear whether \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves (ELE), flowers (EFE) and seeds (ESE) can be used as substitutes for \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e bark. In this study, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze the active ingredients in the bark, leaves, flowers and seeds of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. HPLC method was established for the determination of 8 common active ingredients in the bark, leaves, flowers and seeds of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e. The content of active ingredients is also based on the current research on \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, and the regulation activity of lipid metabolism was compared. The results showed that 119 compounds were identified from 12 classes of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e, and the skin and leaves of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e contained a lot of the same active ingredients. The content of turbinol diglucoside in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e bark was the highest, and the content of chlorogenic acid in \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves was the highest. After \u003cem\u003eEucommia\u003c/em\u003e intervention, all indexes of cell model were improved and lipid metabolism regulation ability was improved: EBE, ELE, EFE, ESE; EBE and ELE had similar lipid lowering effect. After \u003cem\u003eEucommia's\u003c/em\u003e treatment, mRNA expression of AMPK increased in a volume-dependent manner, while mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC decreased in a volume-dependent manner. Therefore, \u003cem\u003eEucommia's\u003c/em\u003e improvement in steatosis of HepG2 cells may be related to the regulation of AMPK, SREGP-1C, FAS and ACC signaling pathways. In conclusion, it can be concluded that \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e leaves can replace \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e skins in the regulation of lipid metabolism and improve the comprehensive utilization of \u003cem\u003eEucommia ulmoides\u003c/em\u003e resources.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study on chemical composition analysis and lipid metabolism regulation activity of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-05-19 16:47:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2934924/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4ac376bb-792e-4961-a180-a61482b995ad","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 19th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-05-24T16:44:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-05-19 16:47:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2934924","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2934924","identity":"rs-2934924","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}