The Ca2+ channel and calmodulin regulate the settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis induced by CaCl2, epinephrine and bioflim

The Ca2+ channel and calmodulin regulate the settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis induced by CaCl2, epinephrine and bioflim | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Ca 2+ channel and calmodulin regulate the settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis induced by CaCl 2 , epinephrine and bioflim Chao Liu, Jiabei He, Zhiteng Liu, Yunxia Guo, Weiyang Bao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8165148/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The settlement and metamorphosis (SM) of marine bivalves represents a critical developmental transition from the planktonic larval stage to the sedentary adult stage. In this study, we evaluated the inductive efficiency of calcium ions (Ca²⁺), epinephrine (EPI), and bacterial biofilms on larval SM of Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as the inhibitory efficiency of Ca²⁺ channel blockers (Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, verapamil) and the calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-7). Our results showed that the optimal concentrations of Ca²⁺ and EPI for promoting M. galloprovincialis SM were 50 mM and 10 μM, respectively, and both inducers exhibited bell-shaped concentration response curves. A 20-day-old biofilm also effectively induced SM in M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, ZnCl2, NiCl2, verapamil, and W-7 significantly reduced SM rates induced by Ca2+, EPI, or biofilm. As inhibitor concentrations increased, SM rates dropped sharply; at specific concentrations (e.g., 10μM VER, 100 μM ZnCl2), SM was nearly eliminated. Collectively, these findings reveal that M. galloprovincialis SM is a tightly coordinated physiological process, mediated by the integration of external inductive cues and intracellular Ca²⁺-dependent signaling cascades involving transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels, L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (VGCCs), and calmodulin (CaM). This research provides insights to optimize aquaculture yields (via targeted SM promotion), supports the development of eco-friendly biofouling management strategies (via SM inhibition), and offers a theoretical basis for bivalve population restoration in ecological conservation. Despite these contributions, future studies should address key knowledge gaps: (1) applying comparative transcriptomics or proteomics to directly identify SM-related genes and proteins, to clarify the molecular underpinnings of the observed regulatory effects; and (2) conducting mesocosm-scale and long-term field experiments to validate the practical utility of these inducers and inhibitors under natural or aquaculture-relevant conditions. Mytilus galloprovincialis settlement and metamorphosis calcium channel calmodulin Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8165148","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":559059017,"identity":"c15ab44e-eae7-444d-b909-0fef693c91d5","order_by":0,"name":"Chao 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and metamorphosis, calcium channel, calmodulin","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8165148/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8165148/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The settlement and metamorphosis (SM) of marine bivalves represents a critical developmental transition from the planktonic larval stage to the sedentary adult stage. 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