An in-depth Investigation of the Photovoltaic Properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 Perovskite for improved efficiency using SCAPS-1D Frameworks

An in-depth Investigation of the Photovoltaic Properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 Perovskite for improved efficiency using SCAPS-1D Frameworks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An in-depth Investigation of the Photovoltaic Properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 Perovskite for improved efficiency using SCAPS-1D Frameworks Md Raihan Kabir, Mohammad Hasin Ishraq, Md. Tarekuzzaman, Nazmul Islam Nahid, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4588675/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Perovskite solar cells are increasingly acknowledged for their unique characteristics in the realm of photovoltaic technology. This study focuses on simulating the impact of methylammonium lead chloride-based perovskites, specifically the CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 layer, as the absorber in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using the SCAPS-1D simulator. Our research delves into how the performance of these solar cells is affected by the choice of Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole Transport Layer (HTL) configurations, in addition to the absorber layer. This investigation marks the first comprehensive exploration of this material. The optimization of device design involves employing ZnO, SnO 2 , IGZO, and CdS as ETLs, CuO as the HTL, Ni, and Au as the back and front contact. The performance of these device architectures is significantly influenced by factors such as defect density, absorber layer thickness, ETL thickness, and the combination of different ETLs and CuO HTLs. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of devices optimized with ZnO, SnO 2 , IGZO, and CdS are found to be 16.10%, 16.06%, 16.05%, and 14.41%, respectively. Furthermore, this study elucidates the impact of absorber and HTL thickness on key photovoltaic parameters such as V OC , J SC , FF, and PCE. Also, we have discussed the VBO, CBO for different ETLs. Additionally, we examine the effects of series resistance, shunt resistance, operating temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), capacitance-voltage characteristics, generation and recombination rates, and current density-voltage (J-V), and impedance analysis behavior on achieving the highest efficiency of the device. Through this extensive simulation study, researchers are equipped to develop cost-effective and highly efficient PSCs, thereby advancing solar technology. Electron Transport Layer Solar Cell SCAPS-1D quantum efficiency Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4588675","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":320443768,"identity":"5e704ad2-8151-4ec4-a594-b461cb75038c","order_by":0,"name":"Md Raihan Kabir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"International Islamic University Chittagong","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md","middleName":"Raihan","lastName":"Kabir","suffix":""},{"id":320443769,"identity":"bade7704-b989-4e52-bb13-199233049f27","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Hasin Ishraq","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"International Islamic University Chittagong","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Hasin","lastName":"Ishraq","suffix":""},{"id":320443770,"identity":"f75dde22-df70-4c7a-99be-67f9ceba5ee0","order_by":2,"name":"Md. 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This study focuses on simulating the impact of methylammonium lead chloride-based perovskites, specifically the CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eNH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003ePbCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e layer, as the absorber in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using the SCAPS-1D simulator. Our research delves into how the performance of these solar cells is affected by the choice of Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole Transport Layer (HTL) configurations, in addition to the absorber layer. This investigation marks the first comprehensive exploration of this material. The optimization of device design involves employing ZnO, SnO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, IGZO, and CdS as ETLs, CuO as the HTL, Ni, and Au as the back and front contact. The performance of these device architectures is significantly influenced by factors such as defect density, absorber layer thickness, ETL thickness, and the combination of different ETLs and CuO HTLs. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of devices optimized with ZnO, SnO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, IGZO, and CdS are found to be 16.10%, 16.06%, 16.05%, and 14.41%, respectively. Furthermore, this study elucidates the impact of absorber and HTL thickness on key photovoltaic parameters such as V\u003csub\u003eOC\u003c/sub\u003e, J\u003csub\u003eSC\u003c/sub\u003e, FF, and PCE. Also, we have discussed the VBO, CBO for different ETLs. Additionally, we examine the effects of series resistance, shunt resistance, operating temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), capacitance-voltage characteristics, generation and recombination rates, and current density-voltage (J-V), and impedance analysis behavior on achieving the highest efficiency of the device. 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