Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) populations in okra in Chhattisgarh state of India

Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) populations in okra in Chhattisgarh state of India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) populations in okra in Chhattisgarh state of India Sneha Sharma, Jeer Mallikarjuna, Kalyan K Mondal, Kailash Chandra Sharma Sharma, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Tropical Insect Science → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Leafhoppers are one of the key pests causing serious yield losses in important agricultural crops including okra and cotton in India. The leafhoppers cause severe damage to okra in warmer climatic conditions. A comprehensive investigation was carried out on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) infesting okra in twenty-six locations covering three distinct agroecological zones of Chhattisgarh state of India using mitochondrial COI gene. The genetic analysis showed a Tajima’s D value of 5.5007 (P-value: 8.00087e-17), two parsimony-informative sites, a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.115, and 81 segregating sites. Population analysis using reticulate trees identified seven low-diversity haplotypes, with CLHH 7 (Chhattisgarh Leafhopper Haplotype 7) being the most dominant haplotype across the Chhattisgarh. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic analysis revealed that the overall population is primarily monophyletic, except for six populations from central and southern Chhattisgarh, which are paraphyletic. The overall mean genetic diversity of A. biguttula in okra was very low across the three geographical zones. Very low nucleotide substitution rate of COI sequences indicated a clear mutational risk within the A. biguttula populations in Chhattisgarh. The present study reports very low genetic diversity among populations of A. biguttula on okra including seven haplotypes of which CLHH7 being most predominant. genetic diversity okra COI haplotype phylogeny Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Chhattisgarh is one of the states with dense forest cover (44.21 per cent of total geographic area) with good agriculture production as well as cropping diversity. Among many agricultural crops, the okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) is one of the major vegetable crops in Chhattisgarh with 366.26 thousand MT yearly production (Anonymous, MoA & FW, 2023). Occurrence of insect pests on okra is well known and how these pests deteriorate the quality production as well as economy. A. biguttula is major pest of okra in Chhattisgarh causes serious crop losses of 32-66% every year (Murali-Baskaran et al. 2019). This pest infests the crop throughout the year in three distinct geographical zones of the state as okra is cultivated round the year. Chemical management is common followed to contain leafhoppers in Chhattisgarh over a long period of time and such ecological conditions can exerts selection pressure on the okra leafhopper. Okra and cotton are grown in Chhattisgarh which are equally preferred by leafhopper and both guilds plays major role in exertion of vital selection pressure on population of A. biguttula . The population genetic structure of a species is strongly affected by the magnitude of selection pressure exerted on that species, be it insecticide stress, climatic variables, competition for resources, geographical isolation, habitat alterations etc. In this process, one of the sucking pests, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) evolved over the years into more than 46 genetic groups in the world (Kanakala et al. 2019). Kranthi et al. (2018) have reported 30 distinct haplotypes of leafhopper with a very low genetic diversity on cotton in three different cotton growing zones in India. Sagar et al. (2014) identified two clusters of A. biguttula on Bt cotton in six districts of Karnataka state of India comprising six genetically different populations with narrow molecular diversity. Similar findings were reported by Vimala et al. (2016) with respect to genetic diversity of A. biguttula in south India. While Sagarbaria et al. (2020) have reported low genetic diversity of A. biguttula on brinjal in Philippines. Akmal et al. (2018) have reported very low genetic diversity of A. biguttula on cotton in Pakistan which has very close genetic similarity with north Indian populations. In this era of the climate change and intense insecticidal practices, it is necessary to keep periodic watch on population structure of insect pests especially sucking pests to avoid pest outbreaks. However, such studies of leafhopper on okra and other crops are completely lacking except for cotton and brinjal not only in India but also in the world. Leafhopper is considered as major sucking pest in both okra as well as cotton and it is crucial to understand its genetic structure to further strengthen the management strategies. Genetic studies not only provide information about population structure but also indicates the ongoing mutations and changes with the population due to selection pressure. As insect pests passes through ecological pressures, the genetic changes aid in survival, adaptation, overcoming insecticidal, biotic, abiotic stresses (Kramer et al. 2012 & Pauls et al. 2013). Cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) is most commonly used to study the genetic structure of insect pests (Dung et al. 2021, Sagarbarria et al. 2020 and Sridhar et al. 2016) and earlier studies shows its validity for the detection of biotypes as well as species identification (Kranthi et al. 2017) which makes mtDNA a sturdy marker to determine the change in gene flow of insects. Hence, COI gene was used in the study to identify and characterize the population of A. biguttula in Chhattisgarh. Based on above research gaps it was hypothesized that significant genetic diversity could be observed in A. biguttula in diverse agroecological zones of Chhattisgarh state of India which has a dense forest cover. Sequences of 85 isolates were aligned, edited and submitted to NCBI (Table 1) and used for further genetic analysis. Materials and methods Sample collection Sampling sites were selected from three different agroecological zones so that samples represent the entire state. Samples (255) were collected using random sampling from 26 okra growing locations of the extreme northern, southern, and central regions of Chhattisgarh (Table 1 ) using aspirator and then transferred to cryovials containing absolute alcohol (99%) for further use. A total of nine districts (three locations in each district) were covered for sampling leafhoppers from okra plants. Specimens were brought to the laboratory and identified using diagnostic keys provided by Xu et al. ( 2017 ). Each sample unit composed of 3 replicates of leafhoppers from each location. DNA extraction, PCR amplification and gene sequencing Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual leafhoppers using DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen Make; Catalogue 69506) by following manufacturer protocol with suitable modifications (Sharma et al. 2023) and quantified on gel electrophoresis as well as spectrophotometer prior amplification to ensure the quality of extracted product. COI gene amplified from isolated DNA using primer LCO- LCO-1490, 5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’(F) & HCO-2198, 5’TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA − 3’ (R) (Sridhar et al. 2016 ; 2022) custom synthesized by Eurofins Genomics, Bengaluru, Karnataka. To ensure the reproducibility of the amplifications, the optimum conditions of PCR and its components repeated for three times. Total reaction volume used was 25 µl, consisting of 1.0 µl of each primer (10 mM), 2.5 µl of 10x Taq buffer, 0.5 µl of 10mM dNTPs, 2.5 µl of 25 mM MgCl2, and 0.5 µl of 5 unit Taq DNA polymerase, along with 4 µl of template DNA and 14 µl autoclaved double distilled water. PCR was performed in a thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems 9700) with the following cycling parameters: an initial denaturation at 94°C for 2 minutes, followed by 35 cycles at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing at 54°C for 45 seconds, an initial extension step at 72°C for 2 minutes, and a final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes. The PCR amplified product was checked on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and documented the same using gel document system (proteinsimple, AlphaImager EC). PCR product of mitochondrial COI of A. biguttula was directly sequenced DNA sequencing facility at UDSC, CIIDRET University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi. Sequences of 85 isolates were aligned, edited and submitted to NCBI (Table 1 ) and used for further genetic analysis. Phylogenetic and data analysis The 650–690 base pairs of 85 COI gene sequences of A. biguttula were aligned in MEGA 11 using Clustal W. Molecular phylogeny analysed using MEGA 11 software to generate the phylogenetic trees. The Neighbor-Joining method (Kimura, 1980 ; Tamura et al. 2013 ; Kumar et al. 2018 ; Stecher et al. 2020 ) was used for phylogenetic tree construction using 1000 bootstrap replications. Intraspecific diversity and haplotypes were detected using PopART (Population Analysis with Reticulate Trees) software (Leigh & Bryant, 2015 ). Empoasca fabae (COI isolate, OQ363215) was used as an outgroup to assess the divergence among the population. A. biguttula mtCOI sequences on cotton and brinjal crops available in GenBank ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) published until April 2025 with their geographical source were retrieved. A total of 31, 11, 1 gene sequences of haplotypes of A. biguttula reported on cotton, brinjal, durian from India, Philippines, Vietnam respectively were aligned, compared and analysed. Results Nucleotide information and genetic diversity The genetic diversity parameters of the all isolates of A. biguttula revealed a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.115, two parsimony informative sites which is in congruence with our cladogram where two distinct clades were formed, Tajima’s D value was 5.5007, total 81 segregation sites and this value is significantly positive, suggesting a departure from neutrality, possibly indicating a recent population expansion or selection pressure. The Maximum Composite Likelihood Estimate of the pattern of nucleotide substitution bases were 12.92 to thymine (T), 4.06 to cytosine (C), and 5.18 to guanine (G). The highest substitution probability observed is from cytosine (C) to thymine (T) at 20.74, suggesting this transition occurring frequently in A. biguttula of Chhattisgarh. Similarly, a high substitution rate from adenine (A) to thymine (T) at 12.92 is also noted. Lower probabilities are seen for substitutions from cytosine (C) to guanine (G) and from thymine (T) to guanine (G), both at 4.81. The consistency in values for certain substitutions, such as 12.92 for both A to T and G to T, may indicate specific evolutionary pressures or constraints within the genetic material of the A. biguttula from Chhattisgarh (Table 3). Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary divergence The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences of A. biguttula revealed two predominant clades designated as clade 1 and clade 2. Overall major populations of A. biguttula from Chhattisgarh fall in clade 1 which is clearly monophyletic and do not share any particular divergence from the population of A. biguttula of India (Figure 1). However, distinct patterns were observed for isolates from specific locations i.e. Charama and Jiwalamari in Kanker district, Ulera in Kondagaon district, Alnar in Bastar district, Khordo in Balod district, and Pagbhandhi in Durg district. These isolates formed a unique clade that was closely related to the population from Bihar, India, and positioned near the outgroup. Frequency differences of Ulera and rest of locations were 34 & 22 respectively clearly indicating the diversity (Figure 1) and suggesting that the populations from these locations are genetically different from the rest of the Chhattisgarh populations. The divergence among the populations of A. biguttula within Chhattisgarh, between the north and central populations was 0.00191, between the north and south populations was 0.00186, and between the central and south populations was 0.00215 clearly indicates certain degree of difference however, such low values are statistically non-significant indicating low possibility of biotype or high mutation (Table 2). The genetic diversity of A. biguttula on cotton, brinjal, okra and durian revealed that higher variation of 0.0075 was observed on cotton followed by okra (0.0029) and brinjal (0.0025). The analysis of the sequences generated in this study and sequences downloaded from NCBI revealed that most predominant haplotype CLHH7 is closely related to VEG12 reported on durian in Vietnam. While haplotypes, CLHH2 and CLHH6 are close association with haplotype, ABB19 reported on cotton. Haplotype CLHH3 of okra is in association with haplotype, ABB23 of cotton in Batinda (Supplementary material 1). Minimum Spanning Network of haplotypes The Minimum Spanning Network (NST) analysis, performed using an epsilon value range of 0-10 in PopART (Population Analysis with Reticulate Trees), revealed seven low diversity haplotype network (mutational values 1-2) (Figure 2) among the isolates from Chhattisgarh named CLHH (Chhattisgarh Leafhopper Haplotypes). Among those haplotypes, CLHH 7 was found to be the most widespread and dominant, being present throughout the state. This extensive distribution suggests that CLHH 7 may have a competitive advantage or greater adaptability to various environmental conditions across Chhattisgarh. In contrast, to the other haplotypes were each confined to a specific location: CLHH 1 in the Balod district, CLHH 2 in the Kundagaon district, CLHH 3 in the Dhamtari district, CLHH 4 in the Kanker district, CLHH 5 in the Surguja district, and CLHH 6 in the Durg district. This spatial distribution indicates a possible isolation or local adaptation of these haplotypes to their specific regions (Figure 3). Low mutational values in the Minimum Spanning Network indicates the non-significance of these haplotypes and low p-value in Tajima’s D (8.00087e-17) also suggest the non-significant. However, presence of these haplotypes also suggests that population going through the continuous mutation and all haplotypes formed a complex network around each other. Discussion Okra leafhopper ( A. biguttula ) is well established in Chhattisgarh and well adapted on many crops and is considered as major pest of the okra & cotton. Our study is focused to determine to determine the population structure of A. biguttula on okra in Chhattisgarh. Based on our results divergence is nonsignificant among the populations of Chhattisgarh which clearly justifies that the population of okra leafhopper is uniform & free from biotypes on okra. This low divergence indicates that the population was predominantly represented by a single haplotype, CLHH 7. The dominance of a single haplotype within these regions underscores the concept that agroecological zones often exhibit limited genetic diversity. Such environments provide stable and uniform conditions, which tend to reduce the selection pressures that drive genetic variation. It is important to clarify that we do not claim genetic variability is entirely absent in similar ecological settings. Rather, in regions with comparable habitats and low selection pressures, the genetic makeup of organisms tends to remain stable over time. This stability suggests that while genetic variation can occur, it is less pronounced in these homogeneous environments as similar observations were also recorded by Akmal et al. ( 2018 ) from Pakistan where A. biguttula was devoid of genetic diversity. As compare to populations of A. biguttula from other locations of India, the population of Chhattisgarh is more uniform while Kranthi et al. ( 2018 ) recorded 30 haplotypes from Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Telangana, and Maharashtra in cotton with greater variation (Fig. 4). Propensity of genetic variability seems much higher in A. biguttula feeding on cotton as compare to okra or other crops (Kranthi et al. 2018 , Sagarbarria et al. 2020 and Vimala et al. 2016 ) however such genetic studies are scanty in India and no prior work has been conducted on okra. Population of A. biguttula is primarily Asian in origin (Akonde et al. 2024 ) and spread to other okra growing region of world which indicates its fast spreading and adaptive nature in ecosystem. Genetic diversity of A. biguttula in okra was compared with cotton populations in India. A significant variation in leafhopper populations was observed in cotton as compared to okra which could be due cropping patterns, availability of alternate host plants, high doses of insecticide applications, cultivation of Bt hybrids of varying susceptibility and different climatic conditions that act individually or in combination on the target insect. Low genetic and haplotype diversity of leafhopper in okra in this study could be due to little insecticide pressure, varying susceptibility etc. The leafhopper genetic diversity in eggplant in Philippines was reported as very low and haplotype was found to single entity (Sagarbarria et. al., 2020 ). Similarly, our findings corroborate with Dung et al. ( 2021 ) who have reported that Amrasca populations of Vietnam on Durio zibethinus (durian) showed significant interspecific variation with Indian populations. The overall genetic diversity, genetic distance and haplotype diversity of A. biguttula was significantly high in cotton followed by okra and brinjal which could be due very high selection exerted on the pest in cotton. Phylogenetic analysis clearly indicates the population of Chhattisgarh arose from the ancestral population of Charama and Jiwalamari in Kanker district, Ulera in Kondagaon district, Alnar in Bastar district, Khordo in Balod district, and Pagbhandhi in Durg district. These locations are near to forest area in Chhattisgarh and A. biguttula spread all over agricultural range from these. Three major diversity genetic parameters i.e. haplotypes, nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity are no-significant in the population and it fit in the sudden population expansion as whole population of Chhattisgarh dominated by single haplotype such type of population expansion also recorded earlier in A. biguttula by Akmal et al. (2017 & 2020 ), Kranthi et al. ( 2018 ) as well as other insect pests by Sridhar et al. ( 2016 ) in Pectinophora gossypiella and by Prabhakar et al. ( 2012 ) in Bactrocera cucurbitae . Low genetic diversity certainly indicated that population currently do not posses any specific biotype however nucleotide exchange rate indicates that population continuously going through selection pressure. Such situations of low diversity and continuous nucleotide exchange rate can occur due several conditions but since A. biguttula is small insect with darting flight may indicate its low genetic diversity in Chhattisgarh as earlier such conclusions given by Wu et al. 2006 & 2008 on lepidopterans. However, it is enigmatical to justify a single cause behind the nucleotide exchange rate since numerous factors can contribute to it such as high selection pressure due environment, insecticidal applications, high activity of natural enemies or continuous monocropping. Since study only conducted on single host and it needed more extensive study on multiple hosts including cotton and other vegetable crops in Chhatisgarh to determine the better mutational value and accumulation of biotypes within the population of A. biguttula . Conclusion Current research work reports the low genetic diversity in the population of A. biguttula infesting okra in Chhattisgarh. The haplotype diversity is also non-significant with 7 low mutational value (1-2) haplotypes and most population of state dominated by single haplotype (CLHH 7). We also conclude the nucleotide exchange rate within the population of A. biguttula in Chhattisgarh is significant indicating that population going through mild selection pressure. Current study will be useful for development of mitochondrial genetic data base on A. biguttula and to study the further genetic structure on multiple hosts. Multigene analysis with covering the large hosts as well as eco-geographical regions will help the understanding the spread & mutational pattern of A. biguttula and this work would be a brick in such work. Declarations Disclosure statement The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. Funding Indian Council of Agricultural Research under institutional grants. 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Xu YE, Wang Y, Dietrich CH, Fletcher MJ, Qin D (2017) Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper. Zootaxa 4353(2), 360-370. Tables Table 1: Haplotypes & accession numbers of different isolates of A. biguttula of different regions of Chhattisgarh Sr. No. Location/State/Province Abbreviation Latitude_Longitude Haplotypes Accession No. 1. Bhagwankurd, Surguja, JNSBK1 23.15ºN 83.14ºE CLHH7 PP911539 2. Bhagwankurd, Surguja, JNSBK2 23.15ºN 83.14ºE CLHH7 PP951734 3. Bhagwankurd, Surguja, JNSBK3 23.15ºN 83.14ºE CLHH5 PP930919 4. Bhagwankurd, Surguja, JNSBK4 23.15ºN 83.14ºE CLHH7 PP930920 5. Mainpat,Surguja, JNSMP5 22.81ºN 83.04ºE CLHH7 PP930921 6. Mainpat,Surguja, JNSMP6 22.81ºN 83.04ºE CLHH5 PP930922 7. Mainpat,Surguja, JNSMP7 22.81ºN 83.04ºE CLHH7 PP930923 8. Mainpat,Surguja, JNSMP8 22.81ºN 83.04ºE CLHH7 PP930924 9. Silphili,Surguja JNSSI9 23.18ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935747 10. Silphili,Surguja JNSSI10 23.18ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935748 11. Silphili,Surguja JNSSI11 23.18ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935749 12 Silphili,Surguja JNSSI12 23.18ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935750 13. Raigarh,Bargarh JNRBG2 22.05ºN 83.05ºE CLHH7 PP935751 14. Raigarh,Bargarh JNRBG3 22.05ºN 83.05ºE CLHH7 PP935752 15. Raigarh,Bargarh JNRBG4 22.05ºN 83.05ºE CLHH7 PP935753 16. Raigarh,Kotrapali JNRKO5 21.86ºN 83.47ºE CLHH7 PP935754 17. Raigarh,Kotrapali JNRKO6 21.86ºN 83.47ºE CLHH7 PP935755 18. Raigarh,Kotrapali JNRKO7 21.86ºN 83.47ºE CLHH7 PP935756 19. Raigarh,Kotrapali JNRKO8 21.86ºN 83.47ºE CLHH7 PP935757 20 Raigarh,Siyarpali JNRSI9 21.86ºN 83.48ºE CLHH7 PP935758 21. Raigarh,Siyarpali JNRSI10 21.86ºN 83.48ºE CLHH7 PP935759 22. Raigarh,Siyarpali JNRSI11 21.86ºN 83.48ºE CLHH7 PP935760 23. Raigarh,Siyarpali JNRSI12 21.86ºN 83.48ºE CLHH7 PP935761 24. Korba, Jamnipali JNKJ1 22.43ºN 82.65ºE CLHH7 PP935762 25. Korba, Jamnipali JNKJ2 22.43ºN 82.65ºE CLHH7 PP935763 26. Korba, Jamnipali JNKJ3 22.43ºN 82.65ºE CLHH7 PP935764 27. Korba, Jamnipali JNKJ4 22.43ºN 82.65ºE CLHH7 PP935765 28. Korba, Katghora JNKKT5 22.50ºN 82.54ºE CLHH7 PP935766 29. Korba, Katghora JNKKT6 22.50ºN 82.54ºE CLHH7 PP935767 30. Korba, Katghora JNKKT7 22.50ºN 82.54ºE CLHH7 PP935768 31. Korba, Katghora JNKKT8 22.50ºN 82.54ºE CLHH7 PP935769 32. Korba, Katghora JNK9 22.50ºN 82.54ºE CLHH7 PP935770 33. Korba JNK10 22.36ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935771 34. Korba JNK12 22.36ºN 82.76ºE CLHH7 PP935772 35. Dhamtari, Potiyadeh JCDP1 20.74ºN 81.50ºE CLHH7 PP951735 36. Dhamtari, Potiyadeh JCDP2 20.74ºN 81.50ºE CLHH3 PP951891 37. Dhamtari, Potiyadeh JCDP3 20.74ºN 81.50ºE CLHH3 PP951892 38. Dhamtari, Potiyadeh JCDP4 20.74ºN 81.50ºE CLHH7 PP951736 39. Dhamtari, Mulgaon JCDMG5 20.74ºN 81.71ºE CLHH7 PP951737 40. Dhamtari, Mulgaon JCDMG6 20.74ºN 81.71ºE CLHH7 PP951738 41. Dhamtari, Mulgaon JCDMG7 20.74ºN 81.71ºE CLHH7 PP951739 42. Dhamtari, Gabra JCDGB9 20.74ºN 81.66ºE CLHH7 PP951740 43. Dhamtari, Gabra JCDGB10 20.74ºN 81.66ºE CLHH7 PP951741 44. Durg, Pagbhandhi JCDUPG1 21.50ºN 81.26ºE CLHH7 PP951742 45. Durg, Pagbhandhi JCDUPG2 21.50ºN 81.26ºE CLHH7 PP951743 46. Durg, Pagbhandhi JCDUPG3 21.50ºN 81.26ºE CLHH7 PP951744 47. Durg, Pagbhandhi JCDUPG4 21.50ºN 81.26ºE CLHH7 PP951745 48. Durg, Aamti JCDUA5 21.05ºN 81.24ºE CLHH7 PP951746 49. Durg, Aamti JCDUA6 21.05ºN 81.24ºE CLHH7 PP951893 50. Durg, Alvarsh JCDUAL10 21.08ºN 81.23ºE CLHH7 PP951747 51. Durg, Alvarsh JCDUAL11 21.08ºN 81.23ºE CLHH7 PP951748 52. Durg, Alvarsh JCDUAL12 21.08ºN 81.23ºE CLHH6 PP951894 53. Balod, Devkot JCBDV3 20.78ºN 81.48ºE CLHH7 PP951895 54. Balod, Narvada JCBNR5 20.74ºN 81.45ºE CLHH7 PP951749 55. Balod, Narvada JCBNR7 20.74ºN 81.45ºE CLHH1 PP951750 56. Balod, Khordo JCBKH9 20.74ºN 81.45ºE CLHH7 PP951751 57. Balod, Khordo JCBKH10 20.74ºN 81.45ºE CLHH7 PP951752 58. Bastar, Dharmaur JSBDM1 19.14ºN 82.14ºE CLHH7 PP951753 59. Bastar, Dharmaur JSBDM2 19.14ºN 82.14ºE CLHH7 PP951754 60. Bastar, Dharmaur JSBDM3 19.14ºN 82.14ºE CLHH3 PP951755 61. Bastar, Alnar JSBAL5 19.8ºN 82.96ºE CLHH7 PP951756 62. Bastar, Alnar JSBAL6 19.8ºN 82.96ºE CLHH7 PP951757 63. Bastar, Alnar JSBAL7 19.8ºN 82.96ºE CLHH7 PP951758 64. Bastar, Alnar JSBAL8 19.8ºN 82.96ºE CLHH7 PP951759 65. Kondagaon , Dondripara JSKGDP2 19.83ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951760 66. Kondagaon , Dondripara JSKGDP3 19.83ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951761 67. Kondagaon , Dondripara JSKGDP4 19.83ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951762 68. Kondagaon, Khaspara JSKGKP6 19.84ºN 85.76ºE CLHH7 PP951896 69. Kondagaon, Khaspara JSKGKP7 19.84ºN 85.76ºE CLHH7 PP951897 70. Kondagaon, Khaspara JSKGKP8 19.84ºN 85.76ºE CLHH7 PP951898 71. Kondagaon, Ulera JSKGU9 19.85ºN 81.80ºE CLHH2 PP951899 72. Kondagaon, Ulera JSKGU10 19.85ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951763 73. Kondagaon, Ulera JSKGU11 19.85ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951764 74. Kondagaon, Ulera JSKGU12 19.85ºN 81.80ºE CLHH7 PP951765 75. Kanker, Jiwalamari JSKJM1 20.24ºN 81.50ºE CLHH7 PP951766 76. Kanker, Jiwalamari JSKJM2 20.24ºN 81.50ºE CLHH2 PP951767 77. Kanker, Jiwalamari JSKJM3 20.24ºN 81.50ºE CLHH2 PP951768 78. Kanker, Jiwalamari JSKJM4 20.24ºN 81.50ºE CLHH2 PP951769 79. Kanker, Gradhichadi JSKGC5 20.23ºN 81.48ºE CLHH2 PP951770 80. Kanker, Gradhichadi JSKGC6 20.23ºN 81.48ºE CLHH2 PP951771 81. Kanker, Gradhichadi JSKGC7 20.23ºN 81.48ºE CLHH2 PP951772 82. Kanker, Gradhichadi JSKGC8 20.23ºN 81.48ºE CLHH2 PP951773 83. Kanker, Charama JSKC9 20.45ºN 81.38ºE CLHH2 PP951774 84. Kanker, Charama JSKC10 20.45ºN 81.38ºE CLHH2 PP951775 85. Kanker, Charama JSKC11 20.45ºN 81.38ºE CLHH4 PP951900 Table 2: Estimates of evolutionary divergence over sequence pairs between different regions of Chhattisgarh A. biguttula north Chhattisgarh A. biguttula central Chhattisgarh A. biguttula south Chhattisgarh Outgroup A. biguttula north Chhattisgarh - - - - A. biguttula central Chhattisgarh 0.00191 - - - A. biguttula south Chhattisgarh 0.00186 0.00215 - - Outgroup 0.23118 0.23189 0.23141 - Table 3: Maximum composite likelihood estimates of the pattern of nucleotide substitution (values are probability of substitution (r) from one base to another base) A T C G A - 12.92 4.06 5.18 T 7.79 - 6.53 4.81 C 7.79 20.74 - 4.81 G 8.38 12.92 4.06 - = Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarymaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 22 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Tropical Insect Science → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6922408","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":481771579,"identity":"90e7cb48-a54a-4f17-82eb-bfbaacfb60bc","order_by":0,"name":"Sneha Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sneha","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":481771580,"identity":"73c47de7-3b05-4b01-8423-faf084ea73a1","order_by":1,"name":"Jeer Mallikarjuna","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jeer","middleName":"","lastName":"Mallikarjuna","suffix":""},{"id":481771583,"identity":"ddeef5cf-7d4b-486f-a76c-a90012f3249b","order_by":2,"name":"Kalyan K Mondal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kalyan","middleName":"K","lastName":"Mondal","suffix":""},{"id":481771584,"identity":"3462bddd-5ce3-4180-b4cd-34499f9f05ce","order_by":3,"name":"Kailash Chandra Sharma Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kailash","middleName":"Chandra Sharma","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":481771586,"identity":"33a16be5-a559-44fe-9106-73d661c02142","order_by":4,"name":"Jandrajupalli Sridhar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwjJnMDAwHwAyJKQIUULWwJICw+RWhhAWnjAbMJazKUPH/5cUWCdxz/7zOdXN2oseBjYDx/dgE+LZV9amuQZg/RiiXO526xzjgEdxpOWdgOvw87wmDE2GBxObDjDu804hw2oRYLHjJAW448gLfPP8DwzzvlHnBYDSZCWDWd4mB/nthGhxbKHLQ2oJT1x4xk2M+bcPgkeNkJ+MedhPvyx4Y914rwzzI8/53yrk+NnP3wMrxZkwCYBJolVDgLMH0hRPQpGwSgYBSMHAAA0fkSyKG7QMgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jandrajupalli","middleName":"","lastName":"Sridhar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-18 11:08:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-025-01699-x","type":"published","date":"2025-12-22T15:58:23+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86318122,"identity":"54d52247-ce5b-4f6b-9d53-03ad6c45c538","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 09:14:40","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":500700,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLegend not included with this version.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/ccebbc599bd5cd7337282171.png"},{"id":86318124,"identity":"cdbfb554-28cf-4912-8d8e-e2a4592c3c1f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 09:14:40","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":133702,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHaplotype networking of the 7 distinct haplotypes of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in Chhattisgarh\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/5509e9840e4816cb9e5136a6.png"},{"id":86318121,"identity":"0eb9587c-d339-41a9-bc93-a790a466e557","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 09:14:40","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":788481,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eA. biguttula’s haplotype distribution in Chhattisgarh\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/ed097062f8b81d882918b542.png"},{"id":86318534,"identity":"c8fdb529-d11c-4dd8-88db-328cb0f20eb0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 09:22:40","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1800360,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/25fc7e486491adffa8b0e01e.png"},{"id":99172371,"identity":"735581f1-6fa9-4eea-82b3-aafa8f665e07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-29 16:08:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4060992,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/3bcf5cbd-abbe-4260-8908-902bd902a129.pdf"},{"id":86318535,"identity":"5e6b94df-160d-47b6-9e12-97878ae65ae8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 09:22:40","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":222861,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementarymaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6922408/v1/afc36409a86c820ed68b7cde.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) populations in okra in Chhattisgarh state of India","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eChhattisgarh is one of the states with dense forest cover (44.21 per cent of total geographic area) with good agriculture production as well as cropping diversity. Among many agricultural crops, the okra (\u003cem\u003eAbelmoschus esculentus\u003c/em\u003e (L.) is one of the major vegetable crops in Chhattisgarh with 366.26 thousand MT yearly production (Anonymous, MoA \u0026amp; FW, 2023). Occurrence of insect pests on okra is well known and how these pests deteriorate the quality production as well as economy. \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e is major pest of okra in Chhattisgarh causes serious crop losses of 32-66% every year (Murali-Baskaran \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e 2019). This pest infests the crop throughout the year in three distinct geographical zones of the state as okra is cultivated round the year. Chemical management is common followed to contain leafhoppers in Chhattisgarh over a long period of time and such ecological conditions can exerts selection pressure on the okra leafhopper. Okra and cotton are grown in Chhattisgarh which are equally preferred by leafhopper and both guilds plays major role in exertion of vital selection pressure on population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e. The population genetic structure of a species is strongly affected by the magnitude of selection pressure exerted on that species, be it insecticide stress, climatic variables, competition for resources, geographical isolation, habitat alterations etc. In this process, one of the sucking pests, \u003cem\u003eBemisia tabaci\u003c/em\u003e (Gennadius) evolved over the years into more than 46 genetic groups in the world (Kanakala et al. 2019). Kranthi et al. (2018) have reported 30 distinct haplotypes of leafhopper with a very low genetic diversity on cotton in three different cotton growing zones in India. Sagar et al. (2014) identified two clusters of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e on Bt cotton in six districts of Karnataka state of India comprising six genetically different populations with narrow molecular diversity. Similar findings were reported by Vimala et al. (2016) with respect to genetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in south India. While Sagarbaria et al. (2020) have reported low genetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e on brinjal in Philippines. \u0026nbsp; Akmal et al. (2018) have reported very low genetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e on cotton in Pakistan which has very close genetic similarity with north Indian populations. In this era of the climate change and intense insecticidal practices, it is necessary to keep periodic watch on population structure of insect pests especially sucking pests to avoid pest outbreaks. However, such studies of leafhopper on okra and other crops are completely lacking except for cotton and brinjal not only in India but also in the world. Leafhopper is considered as major sucking pest in both okra as well as cotton and it is crucial to understand its genetic structure to further strengthen the management strategies. Genetic studies not only provide information about population structure but also indicates the ongoing mutations and changes with the population due to selection pressure. As insect pests passes through ecological pressures, the genetic changes aid in survival, adaptation, overcoming insecticidal, biotic, abiotic stresses (Kramer et al. 2012 \u0026amp; Pauls et al. 2013). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) is most commonly used to study the genetic structure of insect pests (Dung et al. 2021, Sagarbarria et al. 2020 and Sridhar et al. 2016) and earlier studies shows its validity for the detection of biotypes as well as species identification (Kranthi et al. 2017) which makes mtDNA a sturdy marker to determine the change in gene flow of insects. Hence, COI gene was used in the study to identify and characterize the population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in Chhattisgarh. Based on above research gaps it was hypothesized that significant genetic diversity could be observed in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in diverse agroecological zones of\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Chhattisgarh state of India which has a dense forest cover. \u0026nbsp;Sequences of 85 isolates were aligned, edited and submitted to NCBI (Table 1) and used for further genetic analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSample collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling sites were selected from three different agroecological zones so that samples represent the entire state. Samples (255) were collected using random sampling from 26 okra growing locations of the extreme northern, southern, and central regions of Chhattisgarh (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) using aspirator and then transferred to cryovials containing absolute alcohol (99%) for further use. A total of nine districts (three locations in each district) were covered for sampling leafhoppers from okra plants. Specimens were brought to the laboratory and identified using diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ekeys provided by Xu et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Each sample unit composed of 3 replicates of leafhoppers from each location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDNA extraction, PCR amplification and gene sequencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal genomic DNA was extracted from individual leafhoppers using DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen Make; Catalogue 69506) by following manufacturer protocol with suitable modifications (Sharma et al. 2023) and quantified on gel electrophoresis as well as spectrophotometer prior amplification to ensure the quality of extracted product. COI gene amplified from isolated DNA using primer LCO- LCO-1490, 5\u0026rsquo;-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3\u0026rsquo;(F) \u0026amp; HCO-2198, 5\u0026rsquo;TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u0026rsquo; (R) (Sridhar et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; 2022) custom synthesized by Eurofins Genomics, Bengaluru, Karnataka. To ensure the reproducibility of the amplifications, the optimum conditions of PCR and its components repeated for three times. Total reaction volume used was 25 \u0026micro;l, consisting of 1.0 \u0026micro;l of each primer (10 mM), 2.5 \u0026micro;l of 10x Taq buffer, 0.5 \u0026micro;l of 10mM dNTPs, 2.5 \u0026micro;l of 25 mM MgCl2, and 0.5 \u0026micro;l of 5 unit Taq DNA polymerase, along with 4 \u0026micro;l of template DNA and 14 \u0026micro;l autoclaved double distilled water. PCR was performed in a thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems 9700) with the following cycling parameters: an initial denaturation at 94\u0026deg;C for 2 minutes, followed by 35 cycles at 94\u0026deg;C for 1 minute, annealing at 54\u0026deg;C for 45 seconds, an initial extension step at 72\u0026deg;C for 2 minutes, and a final extension at 72\u0026deg;C for 10 minutes. The PCR amplified product was checked on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and documented the same using gel document system (proteinsimple, AlphaImager EC). PCR product of mitochondrial COI of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e was directly sequenced DNA sequencing facility at UDSC, CIIDRET University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi. Sequences of 85 isolates were aligned, edited and submitted to NCBI (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and used for further genetic analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePhylogenetic and data analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 650\u0026ndash;690 base pairs of 85 COI gene sequences of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e were aligned in MEGA 11 using Clustal W. Molecular phylogeny analysed using MEGA 11 software to generate the phylogenetic trees. The Neighbor-Joining method (Kimura, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Tamura et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Kumar et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Stecher et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) was used for phylogenetic tree construction using 1000 bootstrap replications. Intraspecific diversity and haplotypes were detected using PopART (Population Analysis with Reticulate Trees) software (Leigh \u0026amp; Bryant, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eEmpoasca fabae\u003c/em\u003e (COI isolate, OQ363215) was used as an outgroup to assess the divergence among the population. \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e mtCOI sequences on cotton and brinjal crops available in GenBank (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ewww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) published until April 2025 with their geographical source were retrieved. A total of 31, 11, 1 gene sequences of haplotypes of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e reported on cotton, brinjal, durian from India, Philippines, Vietnam respectively were aligned, compared and analysed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNucleotide information and genetic diversity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe genetic diversity parameters of the all isolates of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e revealed a nucleotide diversity (\u0026pi;) of 0.115, two parsimony informative sites which is in congruence with our cladogram where two distinct clades were formed, Tajima\u0026rsquo;s D value was 5.5007, total 81 segregation sites and this value is significantly positive, suggesting a departure from neutrality, possibly indicating a recent population expansion or selection pressure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Maximum Composite Likelihood Estimate of the pattern of nucleotide substitution bases were 12.92 to thymine (T), 4.06 to cytosine (C), and 5.18 to guanine (G). The highest substitution probability observed is from cytosine (C) to thymine (T) at 20.74, suggesting this transition occurring frequently in \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e of Chhattisgarh. Similarly, a high substitution rate from adenine (A) to thymine (T) at 12.92 is also noted. Lower probabilities are seen for substitutions from cytosine (C) to guanine (G) and from thymine (T) to guanine (G), both at 4.81. The consistency in values for certain substitutions, such as 12.92 for both A to T and G to T, may indicate specific evolutionary pressures or constraints within the genetic material of the \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e from Chhattisgarh (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhylogenetic analysis and\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eevolutionary divergence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e revealed two predominant clades designated as clade 1 and clade 2. Overall major populations of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e from Chhattisgarh fall in clade 1 which is clearly monophyletic and do not share any particular divergence from the population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e of India (Figure 1). However, distinct patterns were observed for isolates from specific locations i.e. Charama and Jiwalamari in Kanker district, Ulera in Kondagaon district, Alnar in Bastar district, Khordo in Balod district, and Pagbhandhi in Durg district. These isolates formed a unique clade that was closely related to the population from Bihar, India, and positioned near the outgroup. Frequency differences of Ulera and rest of locations were 34 \u0026amp; 22 respectively clearly indicating the diversity (Figure 1) and suggesting that the populations from these locations are genetically different from the rest of the Chhattisgarh populations. The divergence among the populations of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;A. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewithin Chhattisgarh, between the north and central populations was 0.00191, between the north and south populations was 0.00186, and between the central and south populations was 0.00215 clearly indicates certain degree of difference however, such low values are statistically non-significant indicating low possibility of biotype or high mutation (Table 2). The genetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e on cotton, brinjal, okra and durian revealed that higher variation of 0.0075 was observed on cotton followed by okra (0.0029) and brinjal (0.0025). The analysis of the sequences generated in this study and sequences downloaded from NCBI revealed that most predominant haplotype CLHH7 is closely related to VEG12 reported on durian in Vietnam. While haplotypes, CLHH2 and CLHH6 are close association with haplotype, ABB19 reported on cotton. Haplotype CLHH3 of okra is in association with haplotype, ABB23 of cotton in Batinda (Supplementary material 1).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinimum Spanning Network of haplotypes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Minimum Spanning Network (NST) analysis, performed using an epsilon value range of 0-10 in PopART (Population Analysis with Reticulate Trees), revealed seven low diversity haplotype network (mutational values 1-2) (Figure 2) among the isolates from Chhattisgarh named CLHH (Chhattisgarh Leafhopper Haplotypes). Among those haplotypes, CLHH 7 was found to be the most widespread and dominant, being present throughout the state. This extensive distribution suggests that CLHH 7 may have a competitive advantage or greater adaptability to various environmental conditions across Chhattisgarh. In contrast, to the other haplotypes were each confined to a specific location: CLHH 1 in the Balod district, CLHH 2 in the Kundagaon district, CLHH 3 in the Dhamtari district, CLHH 4 in the Kanker district, CLHH 5 in the Surguja district, and CLHH 6 in the Durg district. This spatial distribution indicates a possible isolation or local adaptation of these haplotypes to their specific regions (Figure 3). Low mutational values in the Minimum Spanning Network indicates the non-significance of these haplotypes and low p-value in Tajima\u0026rsquo;s D (8.00087e-17) \u0026nbsp;also suggest the non-significant. However, presence of these haplotypes also suggests that population going through the continuous mutation and all haplotypes formed a complex network around each other.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOkra leafhopper (\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e) is well established in Chhattisgarh and well adapted on many crops and is considered as major pest of the okra \u0026amp; cotton. Our study is focused to determine to determine the population structure of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e on okra in Chhattisgarh. Based on our results divergence is nonsignificant among the populations of Chhattisgarh which clearly justifies that the population of okra leafhopper is uniform \u0026amp; free from biotypes on okra. This low divergence indicates that the population was predominantly represented by a single haplotype, CLHH 7. The dominance of a single haplotype within these regions underscores the concept that agroecological zones often exhibit limited genetic diversity. Such environments provide stable and uniform conditions, which tend to reduce the selection pressures that drive genetic variation. It is important to clarify that we do not claim genetic variability is entirely absent in similar ecological settings. Rather, in regions with comparable habitats and low selection pressures, the genetic makeup of organisms tends to remain stable over time. This stability suggests that while genetic variation can occur, it is less pronounced in these homogeneous environments as similar observations were also recorded by Akmal et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) from Pakistan where \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e was devoid of genetic diversity. As compare to populations of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e from other locations of India, the population of Chhattisgarh is more uniform while Kranthi et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) recorded 30 haplotypes from Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Telangana, and Maharashtra in cotton with greater variation (Fig.\u0026nbsp;4). Propensity of genetic variability seems much higher in \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e feeding on cotton as compare to okra or other crops (Kranthi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, Sagarbarria et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e and Vimala et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) however such genetic studies are scanty in India and no prior work has been conducted on okra. Population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e is primarily Asian in origin (Akonde et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and spread to other okra growing region of world which indicates its fast spreading and adaptive nature in ecosystem.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in okra was compared with cotton populations in India. A significant variation in leafhopper populations was observed in cotton as compared to okra which could be due cropping patterns, availability of alternate host plants, high doses of insecticide applications, cultivation of Bt hybrids of varying susceptibility and different climatic conditions that act individually or in combination on the target insect. Low genetic and haplotype diversity of leafhopper in okra in this study could be due to little insecticide pressure, varying susceptibility etc. The leafhopper genetic diversity in eggplant in Philippines was reported as very low and haplotype was found to single entity (Sagarbarria et. al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, our findings corroborate with Dung et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) who have reported that Amrasca populations of Vietnam on \u003cem\u003eDurio zibethinus\u003c/em\u003e (durian) showed significant interspecific variation with Indian populations. The overall genetic diversity, genetic distance and haplotype diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e was significantly high in cotton followed by okra and brinjal which could be due very high selection exerted on the pest in cotton.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic analysis clearly indicates the population of Chhattisgarh arose from the ancestral population of Charama and Jiwalamari in Kanker district, Ulera in Kondagaon district, Alnar in Bastar district, Khordo in Balod district, and Pagbhandhi in Durg district. These locations are near to forest area in Chhattisgarh and \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e spread all over agricultural range from these. Three major diversity genetic parameters i.e. haplotypes, nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity are no-significant in the population and it fit in the sudden population expansion as whole population of Chhattisgarh dominated by single haplotype such type of population expansion also recorded earlier in \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e by Akmal et al. (2017 \u0026amp; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), Kranthi et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) as well as other insect pests by Sridhar et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in \u003cem\u003ePectinophora gossypiella\u003c/em\u003e and by Prabhakar et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) in \u003cem\u003eBactrocera cucurbitae\u003c/em\u003e. Low genetic diversity certainly indicated that population currently do not posses any specific biotype however nucleotide exchange rate indicates that population continuously going through selection pressure. Such situations of low diversity and continuous nucleotide exchange rate can occur due several conditions but since \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e is small insect with darting flight may indicate its low genetic diversity in Chhattisgarh as earlier such conclusions given by Wu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e \u0026amp; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e on lepidopterans. However, it is enigmatical to justify a single cause behind the nucleotide exchange rate since numerous factors can contribute to it such as high selection pressure due environment, insecticidal applications, high activity of natural enemies or continuous monocropping. Since study only conducted on single host and it needed more extensive study on multiple hosts including cotton and other vegetable crops in Chhatisgarh to determine the better mutational value and accumulation of biotypes within the population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eCurrent research work reports the low genetic diversity in the population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e infesting okra in Chhattisgarh. The haplotype diversity is also non-significant with 7 low mutational value (1-2) haplotypes and most population of state dominated by single haplotype (CLHH 7). We also conclude the nucleotide exchange rate within the population of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e in Chhattisgarh is significant indicating that population going through mild selection pressure. Current study will be useful for development of mitochondrial genetic data base on \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e and to study the further genetic structure on multiple hosts. Multigene analysis with covering the large hosts as well as eco-geographical regions will help the understanding the spread \u0026amp; mutational pattern of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e and this work would be a brick in such work.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndian Council of Agricultural Research under institutional grants.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkmal M, Freed S, Sch\u0026auml;fer M A, Blankenhorn WU, Razaq M, Umar UUD (2020) Population genetics and phenotypic differentiation of cotton leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Pakistan. Ecoscience 27(1): 33-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkmal M, Freed S, Dietrich CH, Mehmood M, Razaq M. (2018) Patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Shiraki) (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera). Mitochondrial DNA: Part A 29(6): 897-904.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkonde ZFX, Moussa OZ, Atta S, Leyo IH, Guimbo ID (2024) Cotton leafhoppers, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida, 1913) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) identified as new species on okra and guinea sorrel in Niger. \u003cem\u003eAdvances in Entomology\u003c/em\u003e, 12: 183-194.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDung LT, Liem N, Lam PV, Tan LV, Hai NN (2021) Morphological and molecular characterization of two leafhopper species of genus \u003cem\u003eAmrasca \u003c/em\u003e(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) hosting to durian. J Entomol Res 45(3): 476-481.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKanakala S, Ghanim M (2019) Global genetic diversity and geographical distribution of \u003cem\u003eBemisia tabaci\u003c/em\u003e and its bacterial endosymbionts. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0213946. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213946.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Molecular Evolution\u003c/em\u003e 16:111-120.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKramer A, Ronce O, Robeldo-Arnuncio JJ, Guillaume F, Bohrer G, Nathan R, Bridle JR, Gomulkiewicz R, Klein EK, Ritland K (2012) Long distance gene flow and adaptation of forest trees on rapid climate change. \u003cem\u003eEcology letters\u003c/em\u003e, 15: 378-392.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKranthi S, Ghodke AB, Puttuswamy RK, Mandle M, Nandanwar R, Satija U, Kranthi KR (2018) Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the cotton leafhopper \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) populations from India. 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Mol Ecol 22: 925-946.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrabhakar CS, Mehta PK, Sood P, Singh SK, Sharma P, Sharma PN (2012) Population genetic structure of the melon fly, \u003cem\u003eBactrocera cucurbitae\u003c/em\u003e (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidae (COI) gene sequences. Genetica 140: 83-91.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSagar D, Balikai RA, Bhat RS (2014) Molecular and taxonomic diversity of cotton leafhopper, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) in major cotton growing districts of Karnataka. Vegetos-an Int J Plant Res 27, pp.225-228.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSagarbarria MGS, Taylo LD, Hautea DM (2020) Morphological and molecular analyses of Leafhopper, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) infesting eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Luzon Island, Philippines. J. 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Mol Biol Evol https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA 6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. \u003cem\u003eMolecular Biology and Evolution\u003c/em\u003e, 30: 2725- 2729.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVimala BM, Chowdary R, Reddy S (2016) Genetic diversity of cotton leafhopper populations, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) in major cotton growing regions of south India. Asian J Microbiol Biotech Env Sci 18 (3): 87-90.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWu KM, Lu YH, Feng HQ, Jiang YY, Zhao JZ (2008) Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with Bt toxin containing cotton. Science 321: 1676-1678.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWu HH, Wu KM, Wang DY, Guo YY (2006) Flight potential of pink bollworm, \u003cem\u003ePectinophora gossypiella\u003c/em\u003e Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Envir Entomol 35: 887-893.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXu YE, Wang Y, Dietrich CH, Fletcher MJ, Qin D (2017) Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus \u003cem\u003eAmrasca\u003c/em\u003e Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper. Zootaxa 4353(2), 360-370.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHaplotypes \u0026amp; accession numbers of different isolates of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e of different regions of Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"724\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr. No.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLocation/State/Province\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLatitude_Longitude\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHaplotypes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccession No.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBhagwankurd, Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSBK1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.15\u0026ordm;N 83.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP911539\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBhagwankurd, Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSBK2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.15\u0026ordm;N 83.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBhagwankurd, Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSBK3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.15\u0026ordm;N 83.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBhagwankurd, Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSBK4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.15\u0026ordm;N 83.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930920\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMainpat,Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSMP5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.81\u0026ordm;N 83.04\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930921\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMainpat,Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSMP6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.81\u0026ordm;N 83.04\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930922\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMainpat,Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSMP7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.81\u0026ordm;N 83.04\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930923\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMainpat,Surguja,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSMP8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.81\u0026ordm;N 83.04\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP930924\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilphili,Surguja\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSSI9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.18\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935747\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilphili,Surguja\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSSI10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.18\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilphili,Surguja\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSSI11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.18\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935749\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilphili,Surguja\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNSSI12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.18\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Bargarh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRBG2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.05\u0026ordm;N 83.05\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Bargarh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRBG3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.05\u0026ordm;N 83.05\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Bargarh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRBG4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.05\u0026ordm;N 83.05\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Kotrapali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRKO5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.47\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Kotrapali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRKO6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.47\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Kotrapali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRKO7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.47\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Kotrapali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRKO8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.47\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935757\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Siyarpali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRSI9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Siyarpali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRSI10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Siyarpali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRSI11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935760\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaigarh,Siyarpali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNRSI12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026ordm;N 83.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Jamnipali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKJ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.43\u0026ordm;N 82.65\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935762\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Jamnipali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKJ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.43\u0026ordm;N 82.65\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935763\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Jamnipali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKJ3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.43\u0026ordm;N 82.65\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935764\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Jamnipali\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKJ4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.43\u0026ordm;N 82.65\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Katghora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKKT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u0026ordm;N 82.54\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Katghora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKKT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u0026ordm;N 82.54\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935767\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Katghora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKKT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u0026ordm;N 82.54\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Katghora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNKKT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u0026ordm;N 82.54\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935769\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba,\u0026nbsp;Katghora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNK9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u0026ordm;N 82.54\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935770\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNK10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.36\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935771\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKorba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJNK12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.36\u0026ordm;N 82.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP935772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Potiyadeh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDP1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951735\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Potiyadeh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDP2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951891\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Potiyadeh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDP3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951892\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Dhamtari, Potiyadeh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDP4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Mulgaon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDMG5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.71\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Mulgaon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDMG6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.71\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951738\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Mulgaon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDMG7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.71\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951739\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Gabra\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDGB9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.66\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951740\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDhamtari, Gabra\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDGB10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.66\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951741\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Pagbhandhi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUPG1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u0026ordm;N 81.26\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951742\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Pagbhandhi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUPG2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u0026ordm;N 81.26\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Pagbhandhi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUPG3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u0026ordm;N 81.26\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951744\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Pagbhandhi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUPG4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u0026ordm;N 81.26\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951745\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Aamti\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.05\u0026ordm;N 81.24\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951746\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Aamti\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUA6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.05\u0026ordm;N 81.24\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951893\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Alvarsh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUAL10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.08\u0026ordm;N 81.23\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951747\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Alvarsh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUAL11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.08\u0026ordm;N 81.23\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurg, Alvarsh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCDUAL12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.08\u0026ordm;N 81.23\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951894\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalod, Devkot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCBDV3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.78\u0026ordm;N 81.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951895\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalod, Narvada\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCBNR5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.45\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951749\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalod, Narvada\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCBNR7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.45\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalod, Khordo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCBKH9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.45\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalod, Khordo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCBKH10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026ordm;N 81.45\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Dharmaur\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBDM1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.14\u0026ordm;N 82.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Dharmaur\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBDM2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.14\u0026ordm;N 82.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Dharmaur\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBDM3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.14\u0026ordm;N 82.14\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Alnar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBAL5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 19.8\u0026ordm;N 82.96\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Alnar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBAL6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 19.8\u0026ordm;N 82.96\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951757\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Alnar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBAL7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 19.8\u0026ordm;N 82.96\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBastar, Alnar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSBAL8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 19.8\u0026ordm;N 82.96\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDondripara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGDP2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.83\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951760\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDondripara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGDP3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.83\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDondripara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGDP4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.83\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951762\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Khaspara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGKP6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.84\u0026ordm;N 85.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951896\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Khaspara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGKP7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.84\u0026ordm;N 85.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951897\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Khaspara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGKP8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.84\u0026ordm;N 85.76\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Ulera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGU9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.85\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Ulera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGU10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.85\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951763\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Ulera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGU11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.85\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951764\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKondagaon, Ulera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGU12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.85\u0026ordm;N 81.80\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Jiwalamari\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKJM1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.24\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Jiwalamari\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKJM2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.24\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951767\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Jiwalamari\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKJM3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.24\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Jiwalamari\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKJM4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.24\u0026ordm;N 81.50\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951769\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Gradhichadi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGC5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23\u0026ordm;N 81.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951770\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Gradhichadi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGC6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23\u0026ordm;N 81.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951771\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Gradhichadi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGC7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23\u0026ordm;N 81.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Gradhichadi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKGC8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23\u0026ordm;N 81.48\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Charama\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKC9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.45\u0026ordm;N 81.38\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Charama\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKC10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.45\u0026ordm;N 81.38\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKanker, Charama\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJSKC11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.45\u0026ordm;N 81.38\u0026ordm;E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCLHH4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePP951900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Estimates of evolutionary divergence over sequence pairs between different regions of Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"604\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enorth Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecentral Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esouth Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutgroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enorth Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecentral Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esouth Chhattisgarh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutgroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Maximum composite likelihood estimates of the pattern of nucleotide substitution (values are probability of substitution (r) from one base to another base)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e=\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-tropical-insect-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jtis","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Tropical Insect Science](http://link.springer.com/journal/42690)","snPcode":"42690","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jtis/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"genetic diversity, okra, COI, haplotype, phylogeny","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLeafhoppers are one of the key pests causing serious yield losses in important agricultural crops including okra and cotton in India. The leafhoppers cause severe damage to okra in warmer climatic conditions. A comprehensive investigation was carried out on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of \u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) infesting okra in twenty-six locations covering three distinct agroecological zones of Chhattisgarh state of India using mitochondrial COI gene. The genetic analysis showed a Tajima’s D value of 5.5007 (P-value: 8.00087e-17), two parsimony-informative sites, a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.115, and 81 segregating sites. Population analysis using reticulate trees identified seven low-diversity haplotypes, with CLHH 7 (Chhattisgarh Leafhopper Haplotype 7) being the most dominant haplotype across the Chhattisgarh. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic analysis revealed that the overall population is primarily monophyletic, except for six populations from central and southern Chhattisgarh, which are paraphyletic. The overall mean genetic diversity of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula \u003c/em\u003ein okra was very low across the three geographical zones. Very low nucleotide substitution rate of COI sequences indicated a clear mutational risk within the \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003e populations in Chhattisgarh. The present study reports very low genetic diversity among populations of \u003cem\u003eA. biguttula\u003c/em\u003eon okra including seven haplotypes of which CLHH7 being most predominant.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) populations in okra in Chhattisgarh state of India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-09 09:14:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6922408/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-22T14:14:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-21T17:38:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"16352294231575123932214902655026150702","date":"2025-07-17T08:57:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-17T05:50:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"40743511004642261050281350270389410009","date":"2025-07-09T20:19:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"284083609485841920805761851370092109186","date":"2025-07-07T12:27:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-07T08:33:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T04:28:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T04:28:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","date":"2025-06-18T10:59:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-tropical-insect-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jtis","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Tropical Insect Science](http://link.springer.com/journal/42690)","snPcode":"42690","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jtis/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5a0c7f3e-f9ef-4aba-a820-909b7553f27b","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-29T16:02:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6922408","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-025-01699-x","journal":{"identity":"international-journal-of-tropical-insect-science","isVorOnly":false,"title":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-22 15:58:23","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 22nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-09 09:14:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s42690-025-01699-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-025-01699-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6922408","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6922408","identity":"rs-6922408","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}