Gc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers

Gc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Gc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers E. James Akpojosevbe, Fatima Sawa, Toma Buba This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Coccidiosis is a deadly disease that interferes with the efficiency and well-being of chickens. This disease is caused by a parasite of the genus Eimeria, which has seven known species affecting different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens. It is a major menace to the global poultry industry and this has resulted in the need to explore alternative treatment options. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-coccidial potential of the ethanol crude extracts of Solanum dasyphylum fruit plants used in the treatment of poultry diseases and identify the phyto- constituents using GC-MS technique. Three different concentrations of the ethanol crude extract of Solanum dasyphylum fruit were used, along with Amprolium (Standard drug) and Water (negative control). 2ml and 10ml of the extract were placed in separate petri dishes labelled A 1 -E 1 and A 2 -E 2 respectively. Approximately 0.5ml of 6 x 10 3 suspensions of unsporulated oocysts and sporulated oocysts were dispensed in the separate Petri dishes A 1 -E 1 and A 2 -E 2 . The set up was allowed to stay for 48hrs for unsporulated and 72hrs for sporulated at room temperature, semi-covered with periodic homogenization. 0.1ml suspension of each dilution was examined microscopically after 24 and 48 hours for inhibition of sporulation and 72 hours for damaged oocysts in A 2 -E 2 . Number of non-sporulated, and deformed oocysts per 100 oocysts were counted respectively. The crude ethanol extract of S. dasyphyllum leaves were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results : The different extract concentrations had anti-coccidial activities and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the efficacies of the different concentrations (25, 50 and 100mg/ml) compared to the negative control. 100mg/ml exerted the greatest percentage (448) (95.1%), (324) (93.2%) and (330) (92.10%) oocyst lethality. The observed efficacy was concentration dependent. GC-MS analysis showed 6 prominent bioactive compounds, all of which are known to have anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti- fungal properties. This study therefore elucidates the potentials of the Solanum dasyphyllum plant as a good source of bioactive compounds and the in-vitro results shows that the extract significantly inhibits oocyst sporulation in a dose –dependent manner. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Oocyst Solanum dasyphyllum Eimeria Sporulation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7005147","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":478575158,"identity":"f226a0be-1d4d-4303-88d8-19e74d5a7ed9","order_by":0,"name":"E. James Akpojosevbe","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCxDaGBAYJORDzwANStBiDtSQQpyWBDayxAcwmRgM/e3Lbg4c5Funzww4/BNpiJ6fbQECLZM/DdoPEbRK5G2+nGQC1JBubHSCgxeBGYpsEWMvsBJCWA4nbCGmxh2pJN5yd/oE4LQYSEC0J8tI5RNoicQbiF8MN0jkFBxIMiPALf3v6s4c/t9XJy89O3/zhQ4WdHEEtCBeCVRoQqxwE5BtIUT0KRsEoGAUjCgAAsmdHdsTXaRsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"National Veterinary Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"E.","middleName":"James","lastName":"Akpojosevbe","suffix":""},{"id":478575160,"identity":"f511079a-4201-44cd-bb3e-5cbd13a6f90e","order_by":1,"name":"Fatima Sawa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatima","middleName":"","lastName":"Sawa","suffix":""},{"id":478575161,"identity":"0d15dae9-846f-4c21-9a38-188012a2b5ce","order_by":2,"name":"Toma Buba","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Toma","middleName":"","lastName":"Buba","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-30 00:38:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86039131,"identity":"f374e206-c8a1-4b78-b940-ec5876bb0bf0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-04 16:31:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":498091,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MANUSCRIPTJUNE2025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7005147/v1_covered_9f6d82ad-489e-430b-a359-f0b009f60831.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eGc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Oocyst, Solanum dasyphyllum, Eimeria, Sporulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCoccidiosis is a deadly disease that interferes with the efficiency and well-being of chickens. This disease is caused by a parasite of the genus\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eEimeria,\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;which has seven known species affecting different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens. It is a major menace to the global poultry industry and this has resulted in the need to explore alternative treatment options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to evaluate the anti-coccidial potential of the ethanol crude extracts of \u003cem\u003eSolanum dasyphylum\u003c/em\u003e fruit plants used in the treatment of poultry diseases and identify the phyto- constituents using GC-MS technique.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree different concentrations of the ethanol crude extract of \u003cem\u003eSolanum dasyphylum\u003c/em\u003e fruit were used, along with Amprolium (Standard drug) and Water (negative control). 2ml and 10ml of the extract were placed in separate petri dishes labelled A\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e-E\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-E\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e respectively. Approximately 0.5ml of 6 x 10\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e suspensions of unsporulated oocysts and sporulated oocysts were dispensed in the separate Petri dishes A\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e-E\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-E\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The set up was allowed to stay for 48hrs for unsporulated and 72hrs for sporulated at room temperature, semi-covered with periodic homogenization. 0.1ml suspension of each dilution was examined microscopically after 24 and 48 hours for inhibition of sporulation and 72 hours for damaged oocysts in A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-E\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Number of non-sporulated, and deformed oocysts per 100 oocysts were counted respectively. The crude ethanol extract of \u003cem\u003eS. dasyphyllum\u003c/em\u003e leaves were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: The different extract concentrations had anti-coccidial activities and there was a significant difference (P\u0026lt;0.05) in the efficacies of the different concentrations (25, 50 and 100mg/ml) compared to the negative control. 100mg/ml exerted the greatest percentage (448) (95.1%), (324) (93.2%) and (330) (92.10%) oocyst lethality. The observed efficacy was concentration dependent. GC-MS analysis showed 6 prominent bioactive compounds, all of which are known to have anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti- fungal properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study therefore elucidates the potentials of the \u003cem\u003eSolanum dasyphyllum \u003c/em\u003eplant as a good source of bioactive compounds and the in-vitro results shows that the extract significantly inhibits oocyst sporulation in a dose –dependent manner.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Gc-Ms Profiling and in Vitro Anti Coccidial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Solanum Dasyphylum Fruit on Broilers","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-03 08:58:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7005147/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6ac2e910-1b0c-4875-9cd5-eb3d3c1906cf","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-04T16:23:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-03 08:58:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7005147","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7005147","identity":"rs-7005147","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}