Shoreline Change and Vegetation Dynamics of Kuakata Sea Beach, Bangladesh (2008–2023): A DSAS and Remote Sensing-Based Assessment

Shoreline Change and Vegetation Dynamics of Kuakata Sea Beach, Bangladesh (2008–2023): A DSAS and Remote Sensing-Based Assessment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Shoreline Change and Vegetation Dynamics of Kuakata Sea Beach, Bangladesh (2008–2023): A DSAS and Remote Sensing-Based Assessment Shabnom Momtaz, Rony Hossain, Nusrat Jahan Shimu, Abu Hena Muhammad Yousuf This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9093958/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Kuakata Sea Beach, located along the dynamic coast of southern Bangladesh, has experienced substantial geomorphological and ecological changes over recent decades due to both natural processes and increasing human pressure. This study assesses shoreline change and vegetation dynamics along the Kuakata coast over a 15-year period (2008–2023) using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and GIS-based analysis. Shorelines were extracted from Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8/9 OLI images and analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to quantify erosion and accretion through End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) statistics. Vegetation change was evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results indicate pronounced spatial and temporal variability in shoreline behavior. The western segment of the coast experienced persistent erosion, while localized accretion dominated parts of the eastern and southeastern shoreline. Maximum shoreline advance reached approximately 37.5 m/year based on LRR analysis, whereas maximum retreat exceeded −32 m/year in erosion-prone zones. Area-based analysis shows that erosion has increasingly outweighed accretion since 2013, resulting in net land loss in recent years. NDVI analysis reveals a long-term decline in vegetation cover, closely associated with expanding built-up areas and coastal modification. DSAS-based forecasting suggests continued shoreline retreat over the coming decades, indicating heightened risk to coastal land, ecosystems, and human activities. The findings highlight the highly dynamic nature of the Kuakata coastline and emphasize the need for integrated, evidence-based coastal management strategies that balance development with ecosystem protection. Kuakata shoreline change coastal erosion accretion NDVI DSAS Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9093958","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":609309550,"identity":"be12b2a8-83f2-4af3-84d3-a05f45f0d8c3","order_by":0,"name":"Shabnom Momtaz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQY2EMXDxt7/8AGIwUesFhl+njPMBmC9xGqxkZyRwyYBYhHUIj+7+dnjgoptPAY3co9Vfs2xk2FjYH746AYeLQZ3jpkbzzhzm8fgzLu027LbkoEOYzM2zsGnRSLBTJq3DajleILZbcltzEAtPGzS+LTIz0j/BtFyIMGsWHJbPWEtDDdyILZIduSYMX7cdpiwFoMbOeXGPEC/8PMcS5Zm3Hach42ZgF+ADtv2mKfitj0be/PBjz+3Vdvzszc/fIzXYciAmQdMEqscBBh/kKJ6FIyCUTAKRgwAAJ/WRQ7MiPGpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shabnom","middleName":"","lastName":"Momtaz","suffix":""},{"id":609309556,"identity":"ef2feb4b-8092-4fbd-b342-a2d5d5a1a458","order_by":1,"name":"Rony Hossain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rony","middleName":"","lastName":"Hossain","suffix":""},{"id":609309559,"identity":"a1b89259-d53e-4cf9-9fc5-5585a0bff106","order_by":2,"name":"Nusrat Jahan Shimu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nusrat","middleName":"Jahan","lastName":"Shimu","suffix":""},{"id":609309561,"identity":"a96e4156-2974-4aed-a7c1-855cb95d53ca","order_by":3,"name":"Abu Hena Muhammad Yousuf","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abu","middleName":"Hena Muhammad","lastName":"Yousuf","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-11 12:29:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9093958/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9093958/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105169026,"identity":"af896037-9525-4f4e-b748-03a18e860ff1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-23 03:11:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":688922,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DSASpaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9093958/v1_covered_a19e021d-2ea5-4bcd-8a1e-4c31525e6fd0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Shoreline Change and Vegetation Dynamics of Kuakata Sea Beach, Bangladesh (2008–2023): A DSAS and Remote Sensing-Based Assessment","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Kuakata, shoreline change, coastal erosion, accretion, NDVI, DSAS","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9093958/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9093958/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Kuakata Sea Beach, located along the dynamic coast of southern Bangladesh, has experienced substantial geomorphological and ecological changes over recent decades due to both natural processes and increasing human pressure. This study assesses shoreline change and vegetation dynamics along the Kuakata coast over a 15-year period (2008–2023) using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and GIS-based analysis. Shorelines were extracted from Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8/9 OLI images and analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to quantify erosion and accretion through End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) statistics. Vegetation change was evaluated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results indicate pronounced spatial and temporal variability in shoreline behavior. The western segment of the coast experienced persistent erosion, while localized accretion dominated parts of the eastern and southeastern shoreline. Maximum shoreline advance reached approximately 37.5 m/year based on LRR analysis, whereas maximum retreat exceeded −32 m/year in erosion-prone zones. Area-based analysis shows that erosion has increasingly outweighed accretion since 2013, resulting in net land loss in recent years. NDVI analysis reveals a long-term decline in vegetation cover, closely associated with expanding built-up areas and coastal modification. DSAS-based forecasting suggests continued shoreline retreat over the coming decades, indicating heightened risk to coastal land, ecosystems, and human activities. 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