Streptomyces corchorusii, Sodium Silicate, and Potassium Silicate as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Control Fungal Rot of Navel Oranges During Cold Storage and Shelf Life

Streptomyces corchorusii, Sodium Silicate, and Potassium Silicate as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Control Fungal Rot of Navel Oranges During Cold Storage and Shelf Life | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Streptomyces corchorusii, Sodium Silicate, and Potassium Silicate as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Control Fungal Rot of Navel Oranges During Cold Storage and Shelf Life Mohamed I. Elsayed, Najeeb M. Almasoudi, Mohamed A. Awad, Adel D. Al-Qurashi, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 18 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Oranges undergo internal metabolic changes during cold storage and shelf life at ambient conditions, resulting in physiological and pathological disorders caused mainly by Penicillium digitatum (green mold) and Penicillium italicum (blue mold) that decrease consumer preferences and marketability. To elucidate the effects of eco-friendly safe treatments to control mold spoilage and maintain the quality of Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life, freshly mature fruits were dipped for 15 min in 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS) or 10 6 CFU/ml Streptomyces corchorusii phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations. The fruits were cold stored at (5°C and 85–90% RH) for 50 days, followed by 3 days of shelf life (23 ± 1 C and 60–70% RH). All treatments recorded no green mold incidence during 30 days of cold storage followed by 3 days of shelf life. However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment demonstrated a progressive increase in disease incidence, reaching 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. Conversely, single treatments with PS, SS, and STC significantly suppressed disease development by 2.6%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. The combined treatment (PS + SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. This treatment also exhibited superior effects in maintaining regular physical and biochemical parameters of fruit quality. Other combinations, such as PS + STC and SS + STC, also performed exceptionally well, with a mean incidence of 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The severity of the disease followed a similar pattern as the disease incidence. Overall, postharvest dipping in 10 6 CFU/ml STC alone or combined with 1% PS and 0.5% SS could be used as an effective treatment to control green and blue mold and retain the quality of ‘Navel oranges’ during 50 days of cold storage and shelf life. Orange Actinomycest Phenolic compounds Antioxidants Acidity Shelf life 1. Introduction Oranges are worldwide commercially important fruits due to their health-promoting compounds and pleasing sensory attributes [ 1 ]. It is classified as non-climacteric type that are characterized by low respiration rates and ethylene production during cold storage and shelf life [ 2 ]. However, oranges undergo rapid internal metabolic changes during cold storage and shelf life at ambient conditions, resulting in physiological and pathological disorders caused mainly by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum , which decrease consumer preferences and marketability. Green and blue mold are the most important causes of citrus diseases, representing 80% of total rot decay. Therefore, it is necessary to search for more safe alternatives to combat mold [ 3 ]. Green mold disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Penicillium digitatum and is currently citrus fruits' most significant postharvest disease. Controlling P. digitatum is a global challenge and typically needs to be managed in an integrated manner during the pre and postharvest chains. For example, treating young seedlings of citrus trees during propagation by potassium silicate can reduce the disease severity of seedlings by suppressing the growth of P. digitatum and upregulating defense-related genes [ 4 ]. Biological control has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for managing several plant diseases, including green mold caused by P. digitatum on citrus fruits [ 5 ]. The spore treatment with Streptomyces corchorusii showed potent in vitro and planta antifungal activities against P. digitatum and had two main mechanisms of action: production of non-volatile organic compounds and production of volatile organic compounds against P. digitatum [ 6 ]. When conducting pilot experiments, using S. corchorusii as a biocontrol agent, combined with low doses of synthetic fungicides, controlled P. digitatum disease better than synthetic fungicides used solely at a high concentration. Biological agents effectively control different pathogens and could be used in integrated treatments with synthetic fungicides [ 7 ]. The utilization of the biocontrol agent for disease control, compared with the application of synthetic fungicides, can reduce the doses and frequency of synthetic fungicide applications, thus reducing the release of toxic residues in the environment. However, there are several problems in the commercialization of the biocontrol agent, such as production cost, shelf life of the agent, compatibility, and stability of biocontrol agents under different field conditions during commercial cultivation [ 8 ]. Many studies on biological agents of green mold on citrus and other crops have shown promising results. Synergistic effects of S. corchorusii and silicate treatments regarding the results obtained from the in vitro pathogen inhibition test indicate that all Streptomyces strains may complement the effects of low silicate concentrations, which were similar to the potencies of Streptomyces alone [ 9 – 11 ]. Salts have been used as antimicrobial agents as a postharvest treatment in citrus fruits. The antifungal effect of salts is mainly due to changes in the pH of the fruit peel surface and delaying the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectinlyase, and pectin methyl esterase) produced by the pathogen in the early stages of infection [12&13]. In addition, sodium, potassium, or calcium silicate salts release sodium, potassium, and calcium ions that adjust the osmotic balance of the cell, transport ions, stimulate metabolism and reduce toxicity through the Na + K+/Cl balance in the cytoplasm [ 14 ]. However, salt treatments are notorious for not protecting the fruit for long periods or from re-infection. Therefore, the application time is an important factor in achieving the best results in fruit protection [ 15 ]. The effect of sodium and potassium salts on fruits and the possibility of activating their defensive response against fungal attack, stimulating the synthesis of phytoalexins, increasing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and enhancing the synthesis of peroxidases in tissues were studied, which positively reflects on fungal resistance [16 &17]. Silicon (Si) is one of the most beneficial mineral elements for plants [ 18 ]. Silicon is important and effective in improving plant resistance to biotic stresses. The mechanisms by which silicon enhances plant resistance to biotic stresses are diverse and multiple. For example, silicon can be directly deposited in plant cell walls to enhance the strength of the cell wall, which may provide a barrier to prevent pathogen invasion [ 19 ]. Silicon can also enhance plant defense-related metabolism to generate more antimicrobial substances, such as lignin and phenol, and defense-related enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD) [ 20 ]. Furthermore, silicon is important in interacting with other hormones to improve plant resistance to pathogens. In horticultural crops belonging to the genus citrus, potassium silicate reduces the severity of disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia natalensis , as well as the resistance against Penicillium digitatum experimental infection, differently on citrus species [21 &22]. Sodium silicate has a wide range of applications in the response of plants to diseases, such as enhancement against pathogens, regulation of plant growth, and activation of a series of disease resistance-related genes. The interactions between sodium silicate treatment and specific genes related to disease responses activate the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid mediated signal pathways. Most laboratories and field trials have confirmed that exogenous treatment of sodium silicate could enhance the defense reaction of plants against a series of diseases, such as rice blast, downy mildew on cucumber, and numerous fungal pathogens [23 & 24]. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS), or 10 6 CFU/ml Streptomyces corchorusii phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations to control postharvest mold spoilage and retain regular quality attributes of Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life. 2. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on Washington navel orange [ Citrussinensis (L.) Osbeck ] collected from a commercial orchard in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Fruits were picked at the maturity stage according to the TSS/TA ratio. Uniforms in size and free from visual symptoms of disease or mechanical damage were used for the experiment. Fruits were transported to the Postharvest Technology Laboratory of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah immediately after harvest. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates of 50 fruits each. All fruit samples were thoroughly washed with distilled water for 1 min and then dried on sterile filter paper. Fruits of each treatment/replication were immersed for 15 minutes in either distilled water (control) or 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS), and 10 6 CFU/ml Streptomyces corchorusii phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations. The wetting agent Tween 20 was added to all treatment formulations at a rate of 1 ml/L⁻¹. After air drying for 1 h, the fruits were packed in perforated cardboard boxes and cold stored at (5°C and 85–90% RH) for 50 days, followed by 3 days of shelf life at ambient (23 ± 1 C and 60–70% RH). Samples were taken from three replicates for each treatment and examined intervals every 10 days as of cold storage plus 3 days of shelf life. 2.1. Disease incidence and severity (%) Disease incidence and severity were recorded according to Almasaudi et al. [ 25 ]. 2.3. Weight loss (%) Fruits were periodically weighed, and the percentage of weight loss was calculated by the difference between the initial weight and that recorded on sampling date. 2.4. Total soluble solids (TSS%) TSS was determined using a hand refractometer; a drop of orange juice was placed on the refractometer, and the reading was recorded and briefly expressed in percentage according to the Association of Official Analysis Chemists [ 26 ]. 2.5. Titratable acidity (TA%) It was determined as citric acid and calculated as percentage according to AOAC, [ 26 ]. 2.6. TSS/acid ratio TSS/acid ratio was recorded by dividing the TSS value by the TA value. 2.7. Fruits firmness (N) Fruit firmness was measured using a pressure tester. 2.8. Vitamin C (mg/100 ml juice ascorbic acid) Vitamin C was measured using the AOAC-recommended substrate of 2, 6 -dichlorophenolendophenol with a 2% solution of oxalic acid [ 26 ]. 2.9. Fruit peel lightness (L*) Peel lightness (L*.) was measured using a model colorimeter (color reader CR-410, Konica Minolta Inc., Japan), according to McGuire [ 27 ]. 2.10. Fruit peel Hue angle (h°) Peel Hue angle (h°) was measured using a model calorimeter (color reader) (h° = Arctan (b*/a*) according to Habibi et al. [ 28 ] 2.11. Estimation of total phenolic (TPC) Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured according to Serna-Escolano et al. [ 29 ]. 2.12. Peroxidase determination (POD) Peroxidase (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) activity was assessed using the method reported in Miranda et al. [ 30 ] 2.13. Polyphenoloxidase determination (PPO) Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.18.1) activity was quantified according to Jiang et al. [ 31 ]. Statistical analysis The results were statistically analysed as a completely randomized design with three replicates by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the statistical package software SAS (SAS Institute Inc., 2000, Cary, NC., USA). Comparisons between means were made by F-test and the least significant differences (LSD) at P = 5%. 3. Results 3.1. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on green mold incidence (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges There were no green mold incidences during 30 days of cold storage, followed by 3 days of shelf life in all treatments, including the control (Table 1 ). However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment demonstrated a progressive increase in disease incidence, reaching 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. This highlights the rapid spread of green mold under favorable storage conditions without intervention. Conversely, individual PS, SS, and STC treatments significantly suppressed disease development. Among these, STC was the most effective, achieving a mean disease incidence of 2%, compared to 2.6% for PS and 4.7% for SS. The combination treatment (PS + SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. Other combinations, such as PS + STC and SS + STC, also performed exceptionally well, with mean incidences of 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Table 1 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on green mold incidence (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 16.6 b 23.3 a 8.0 a PS 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 6.6 e 6.6 e 2.6 c SS 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 10 d 13.3 c 4.7 b STC 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 3.3 f 6.7 e 2.0 d PS + STC 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 3.3 f 3.3 f 1.3 e SS + STC 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 0 g 3.3 f 0.7 f PS + SS 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 3.3 f 6.7 e 2.0 d PS + SS+SCT 0 g 0 g 0 h 0 g 0 g 0 g 0 g Mean B 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 c 5.4 b 7.9 a Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.1 B = 0.3 A*B = 0.8 3.2 . Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on disease severity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges The results in Table 2 showed that the control fruit showed the highest severity of green mold disease, reaching 19.2% and 35.5% after 40 and 50 days of cold storage, followed by 3 days of shelf life, respectively. This illustrates the aggressive progression of green mold in the absence of intervention. Individual treatments PS and SS reduced disease severity, achieving mean severities of 3.9% and 7.1%, respectively. The biological agent STC was particularly effective, with a mean severity of 2.5%, highlighting its potential as a standalone treatment. However, the combination treatments demonstrated even greater efficacy, with PS + SS+STC treatment that eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. Other combinations, such as PS + STC and SS + STC, reduced mean severity to 2.5% and 1.2%, respectively, showing significant improvement over the single treatments. Table 2 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on green mold severity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 19.2 c 35.5 a 10.9 a PS 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 9.2 e 10.3 e 3.9 c SS 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 14.2 d 21.3 b 7.1 b STC 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 7.1 f 5.2 fg 2.5 d PS + STC 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 6.2 f 6.3 f 2.5 d SS + STC 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 6.1 f 1.2 e PS + SS 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 5.2 fg 7.8 f 2.6 d PS + SS+SCT 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h Mean B 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 c 7.6 b 11.6 a Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.4 B = 0.3 A*B = 1.3 3.3. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on the physical characteristics during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges 3.3.1 Weight loss (%) Weight loss gradually increased during storage and shelf life, reaching its highest value after 50 days of storage (Table 3 ). The highest significant weight loss percentage was recorded for the PS treatment (6.6%), followed by the control (4.2%), which was not significantly different from the other treatments. All the applied treatments significantly reduced weight loss compared with the control, except for PS and SS treatments that were similar to the control. In this respect, PS + STC treatment exhibited the lowest weight loss (1.2%), followed by PS + SS treatment (1.4%) (Table 3 ). Table 3 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on weight loss (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 0.00 J 1.09 G-J 3.48 B-E 3.74 B-D 3.93 BC 4.15 B 2.70A PS 0.00 J 0.89 IJ 0.92 IJ 1.16 F-J 1.6 D-J 6.60 A 1.87AB SS 0.00 J 1.09 G-J 2.01 C-J 2.04 B-J 2.10 B-J 2.21 B-I 1.58AB STC 0.00 J 0.77 IJ 0.95 H-J 1.62 E-J 1.98 C-J 4.14 B 1.58B PS + STC 0.00 J 0.43 IJ 0.90 IJ 1.01 G-J 1.68 D-J 3.04 B-H 1.18 B SS + STC 0.00 J 1.11 G-J 1.54 E-J 1.72 D-J 1.94 C-J 3.09 B-G 1.57B PS + SS 0.00 J 0.77 IJ 0.97 G-J 1.02 G-J 2.25 B-I 3.23 B-F 1.38B PS + SS+SCT 0.00 J 0.85 IJ 1.89 C-J 2.08 B-J 2.27 B-I 4.14 B 1.87B Mean B 0.00 J 0.88 C 1.58 BC 1.80B 2.23 B 3.83A Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.75 B = 0.86 A*B = 2.1 3.3.5 Fruits firmness (N) Fruit firmness decreased significantly with the increase in storage and shelf life period, reaching the lowest value in the control (45.4N) (Table 4 ). However, there were no significant differences in fruit firmness among the applied treatments, and the control, except for the PS and SS treatments, was lower than the control. Table 4 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on firmness (N) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 68.3 a 67.30 ab 59.1 d-h 57.86 e-i 53.93 i-m 45.36 p 58.6 a PS 68.3 a 61.7 c-e 60.2 d-f 55.3 f-k 50.9 k-o 48.1 o p 57.4 ab SS 68.3 a 67.1 ab 59.6 d-g 55.5 f-k 53.3 i-n 50.2 l-p 59.0 a STC 68.3 a 63.8 a-d 57.5 e-i 54.9 g-l 50.7 k-o 50.6 k-o 57.6 ab PS + STC 68.3 a 63.0 b-d 57.8 e-i 55.9 f-j 52.0 j-o 48.9 n-p 57.7 ab SS + STC 68.3 a 66.6 a-c 57.54 e-i 55.38 f-k 55.37 f-k 49.6 m-p 58.8 a PS + SS 68.3 a 61.1 de 55.5 f-k 51.7 j-o 51.2 j-o 49.6 m-p 56.3 b PS + SS+SCT 68.3 a 66.5 a-c 59.6 d-g 54.5 h-m 51.6 j-o 48.8 n-p 58.2 ab Mean B 68.3 a 64.6 b 58.3 c 55.1 d 52.4 e 48.9 f Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 1.8 B = 2.0 A*B = 5.0 3.3.7 Fruit peel lightness (L*) In all the treatments, the L* value decreased with increasing the storage and shelf life period, reaching the lowest value in control (66.32) (Table 5 ). However, there were no significant differences in L* value among the applied treatments and the control except for the PS, SS, STC, and PS + STC treatments that maintained higher L* values than the control. Table 5 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on peel lightness (L*) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 68.97 a 67.31 a-f 66.21 c-h 66.10 d-h 65.33 g-i 64.01 i 66.32 b PS 68.97 a 68.69 ab 67.21 a-g 66.57 c -h 66.39 c-h 66.32 c-h 67.36 a SS 68.97 a 68.12 a-c 67.32 a-f 66.41 c-h 66.28 c-h 66.25 c-h 67.23 a STC 68.97 a 67.43 a-f 67.33 a-f 66.89 b-h 66.01 d-h 66.01 d-h 67.11 a PS + STC 68.97 a 67.80 a-d 67.74 a-e 67.38 a-f 65.83 e-i 65.34 g-i 67.18 a SS + STC 68.97 a 67.08 a-h 66.41 c-h 66.22 c-h 66.21 c-h 65.5 f-i 66.74 ab PS + SS 68.97 a 66.87b-h 66.64 c-h 66.57 c-h 66.56 c-h 66.49 c-h 67.02 ab PS + SS+SCT 68.97 a 66.98 bh 66.91 b-h 66.88 b-h 66.03 d-h 65.22 hi 66.83 ab Mean B 68.97 a 67.53 b 66.97 bc 66.63 cd 66.08 de 65.65 e Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.68 B = 0.78 A*B = 1.92 3.3.8 Fruit peel Hue angle (h°) The hue angle values of the fruit generally decreased gradually with the progress of the storage and shelf life period in all treatments (Table 6 ). However, there were no significant differences in L* value among the applied treatments and the control Table 6 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on Hue angel (h°) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 74.25 a 65.37b-e 64.63 b-e 64.37 c-d 64.25 c-e 62.29e 65.86 a PS 74.25 a 69.33 ab 65.38 b-e 65.24 b-e 64.68 b-e 63.66 c-e 67.09 a SS 74.25 a 66.78 b-e 66.24 b-e 65.38 b-e 65.43 b-e 64.27 c-e 67.06 a STC 74.25 a 66.81 b-e 66.40 b-e 66.32 b-e 64.74 b-e 64.05 c-e 67.09 a PS + STC 74.25 a 68.28bc 65.91 b-e 65.81 b-e 63.92 c-e 63.25 de 66.90 a SS + STC 74.25 a 67.14 b-e 65.36 b-e 64.46 b-e 64.15 c-e 64.12 c-e 66.58 a PS + SS 74.25 a 66.31 b-e 65.26 b-e 64.86 b-e 64.11 c-e 63.81 c-e 66.43 a PS + SS+SCT 74.25 a 67.46b-d 67.29 b-d 66.68 b-e 65.70 b-e 63.27 de 67.44 a Mean B 74.25 a 67.18 b 65.81 bc 65.39 c 64.62 cd 63.59 d Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 1.753 B = 2.024 AB = 2.024 3.4. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on the biochemical characteristics during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges 3.4.1. Total soluble Solids (TSS) TSS percentage increased significantly with increasing the storage and shelf life period (Table 7 ). After 50 days of storage and 3 days of shelf life, the lowest TSS content was recorded in SS + STC treatment (11.57%), followed by SS (11.86%) and then PS + SS (12.26%) with no significant differences among them. Table 7 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on total soluble solids (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 7.76 p 11.54 h-o 11.59 h-o 11.74 e-o 12.03 c-l 12.39 a-f 11.18 bc PS 7.76 p 11.65 g-o 12.04 c-l 12.09 b-k 12.34 a-g 12.95 a 11.47 a SS 7.76 p 11.20 no 11.34 l-o 11.49 j-o 11.70 e-o 11.86 d-n 10.89 c STC 7.76 p 11.27 m-o 11.67 f-o 12.00 c-l 12.21b-i 12.54 a-d 11.24 ab PS + STC 7.76 p 11.45 k-o 11.47 j-o 11.80 e-o 12.23 a-i 12.77 ab 11.25 ab SS + STC 7.76 p 11.14 o 12.05 b-l 12.59 a-c 11.95 c-m 11.57 h-o 11.18 a-c PS + SS 7.76 p 11.54 i-o 11.55 h-o 12.18 b-j 12.21 b-i 12.26 a-h 11.25 ab PS + SS+SCT 7.76 p 11.36 l-o 11.88 c-n 11.97 c-m 12.23 a-i 12.41a-e 11.27 b Mean B 7.76 e 11.39 d 11.70 c 11.98 b 12.11 ab 12.34 a Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.25 B = 0.29 AB = 0.72 3.4.2. Titratable acidity percentage (TA) TA content of orange juice decreased with fluctuation during storage and shelf life in all treatments (Table 8 ). As the mean of the storage period, all the applied treatments significantly decreased TA content than the control except for the PS + STC treatment, which was similar to the control. Table 8 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on titratable acidity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 2.20 b-g 2.63 a-c 2.27 b-f 2.13 c-h 2.00 d-i 1.80 e-j 2.17 a PS 2.20 b-g 2.47 a-d 2.23 b-f 1.70 g-k 1.60 i-m 1.33 j-m 1.92 bc SS 2.20 b-g 2.20 b-g 2.33 b-d 1.47 j-m 1.37 j-m 1.23 k-m 1.80 c STC 2.20 b-g 2.67 ab 2.33 b-d 1.47 j-m 1.30 j-m 1.10 m 1.84 bc PS + STC 2.20 b-g 2.43 a-d 2.30 b-e 2.27 b-f 1.70 g-k 1.33 j-m 2.04 ab SS + STC 2.20 b-g 2.40 a-d 2.43 a-d 1.70 g-k 1.33 jm 1.10 k-m 1.86 bc PS + SS 2.20 b-g 2.43 a-d 2.40 a-d 1.77 f-j 1.77 f-j 1.13 lm 1.95 bc PS + SS+SCT 2.20 b-g 2.87 a 2.13 c-h 1.63 h-l 1.17 lm 1.33 j-m 1.89 bc Mean B 2.20 b 2.51 a 2.30 b 1.77 c 1.53 d 1.30 e Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.18 B = 0.21 AB = 0.53 3.4.3. TSS/acid ratio The TSS/Acid ratio of orange juice increased significantly in all treatments, with an increase in storage period and shelf life reflecting an increase in TSS combined with a decrease in TA content (Table 9 ). The highest value of TSS/Acid ratio was recorded in the STC treatment (16.3) and the lowest in the SS + STC treatment (7.0), followed by the control treatment (9.0) Table 9 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on TSS/TA ratio during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 3.56 L 4.54 I-L 5.14 I-L 7.37D-K 7.35D-K 9.04 B-G 6.17 BC PS 3.56 L 4.71 I-L 4.96 I-L 7.54 D-K 9.63 B-F 11.0 B-D 6.91 AB SS 3.56 L 5.25 H-L 5.03 I-L 8.11 C-I 8.97 B-G 10.30B-F 6.87 A-C STC 3.56 L 4.39 J-L 5.17H-L 8.86B-H 11.47 BC 16.37 A 8.30 A PS + STC 3.56 L 4.71 I-L 4.99 I-L 5.25 H-L 7.25 E-L 10.23B-F 6.00 BC SS + STC 3.56 L 4.30J-L 5.19 H-L 5.69 G-L 6.62 F-L 6.97 E-L 5.39 C PS + SS 3.56 L 4.82 I-L 4.83 I-L 7.87 C-J 6.91E-L 11.97 B 6.66 BC PS + SS+SCT 3.56 L 3.96KL 5.59 G-L 7.33 D-K 10.49B-E 9.50 B-F 6.74BC Mean B 3.56 E 4.59 DE 5.11 D 7.25 C 8.59 B 10.68 A Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 1.31 B = 1.51 A*B = 3.70 Table 10 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on vitamin C (mg/100ml juice) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 34.92 ab 34.67a-c 34.22a-d 32.59 d-i 32.89 c-h 23.26 p 32.09 b PS 34.92 ab 34.37 a-d 33.93 a-e 33.33 b-g 33.33 b-g 28.00 l-n 32.98 a SS 34.92 ab 34.88 ab 34.81 ab 34.22 a-d 32.89 c-h 26.52 m-o 33.04 a STC 34.92 ab 34.78 ab 33.19 b-g 32.59 d-i 31.56 g-j 25.48 o 32.08 bc PS + STC 34.92 ab 34.78 ab 34.67 a-c 32.89 c-h 31.11 h-j 26.22 no 32.43 ab SS + STC 34.92 ab 35.26 ab 32.00 f-j 30.22 jk 28.31 lm 27.41 l-n 31.35 c PS + SS 34.92 ab 34.92 ab 33.63 a-f 33.33 b-g 32.30 e-i 28.89 kl 33.00 a PS + SS+SCT 34.92 ab 33.19 b-g 32.30 e-i 31.56 g-j 30.96 ij 28.15 lm 31.84 bc Mean B 34.92 a 34.61 a 33.59 b 32.59 c 31.67 d 26.74 e Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.63 B = 0.73 A*B = 1.79 3.4.4. Vitamin C (mg/100 ml juice ascorbic acid) Vitamin C content of fruit gradually decreased (from 34.92 to 26.74 mg/100ml) during storage and shelf life. After 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life, the control treatment exhibited the lowest content of vitamin C (23.26 mg/100 ml juice) compared to the other treatments. As for the mean of the storage period, SS treatment retained the highest vitamin C content (33.04 mg/100 ml juice ) , followed by PS treatment (32.98 mg/100 ml juice), while the lowest value was recorded in SS + STC treatment (31.35 mg/100 ml juice). 3.4.5. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POD) activities The mean values of PPO and POD activities significantly decreased by extending the storage and shelf life period (Tables 11 and 12 ). However, the applied treatments had no significant effects on PPO and POD activities. Table 11 Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on PPO (Units/g/min) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 0.75 a 0.66 ab 0.60 ab 0.60 ab 0.10 h 0.04 h 0.46 a PS 0.75 a 0.68 ab 0.68 ab 0.28 d-h 0.14 f-h 0.04 h 0.43 ab SS 0.75 a 0.54 a-d 0.42 b-f 0.42 b-f 0.09 h 0.05 h 0.38 ab STC 0.75 a 0.58 a-c 0.23 e-h 0.23 e-h 0.12 g-h 0.11 gh 0.34 ab PS + STC 0.75 a 0.75 a 0.75 a 0.21 f-h 0.16 f-h 0.07 h 0.45 ab SS + STC 0.75 a 0.42 b-f 0.40 b-g 0.40 b-g 0.08 h 0.06 h 0.35 ab PS + SS 0.75 a 0.66 ab 0.51 a-e 0.29 c-h 0.14 f-h 0.10 h 0.41 ab PS + SS+SCT 0.75 a 0.52 a-e 0.52 a-e 0.11 g-h 0.11 g-h 0.04 h 0.34 ab Mean B 0.75 a 0.60 b 0.51 b 0.32 c 0.12 d 0.06 d Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.0104 B = 0.120 A*B = 0.294 Table 12 new. Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 (STC) and their combinations on POD (Units/g/min) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges. Treatments Cold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mean A Control (untreated) 2.29 a 1.68 a-c 1.68 a-c 1.52 a-d 0.21 gh 0.06 gh 1.24 a PS 2.29 a 1.59 a-c 1.35 b-f 0.29 gh 0.05 h 0.04 h 0.94 a-c SS 2.29 a 1.79 ab 1.79 ab 0.36 gh 0.11 gh 0.07 gh 1.07 ab STC 2.29 a 0.52 f-h 0.50 f-h 0.18 gh 0.15 gh 0.04 h 0.61 c PS + STC 2.29 a 0.92 c-g 0.92 c-g 0.38 gh 0.07 gh 0.05 h 0.77 bc SS + STC 2.29 a 0.62 e-h 0.50 f-h 0.37 gh 0.10 gh 0.10 gh 0.66 c PS + SS 2.29 a 1.38 b-e 0.70 d-h 0.56 e-h 0.05 h 0.04 h 0.84 bc PS + SS+SCT 2.29 a 1.50 a-d 1.50 a-d 0.92 c-g 0.06 gh 0.05 h 1.05 ab Mean B 2.29 a 1.25 b 1.12 b 0.57 c 0.10 d 0.06 d Values in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment LSD value A = 0.305 B = 0.353 A*B = 0.865 4. Discussion The current findings found that potassium and sodium silicate and the bioagent Streptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7 significantly decreased the incidence and severity of green mold disease in Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life compared to the control. The mechanisms of action of potassium and sodium silicate (a silicic acid-based treatment) could involve cell wall thickenings caused by silica adherence, quinone oxidation in exocytosis pathways, and cell lysis with silica. Thus, silica exocytosis from fungal interior cells leads to lysis with little or no spillage of cytoplasmic contents, while the release of the toxin is prevented [ 32 ]. The bacteria produce acriflavin, an analog of actinomycin, and due to the production of these toxic metabolites, it can kill the phytopathological fungi [ 33 ]. The mode of action of potassium and sodium silicate is believed to provide an unsuitable environment for pathogens, inhibit their enzyme activities, or produce bioactive molecules, but they also induce the plants to develop stronger cell walls or species responses [34 & 35]. The results suggest that a similar activation of the host defense mechanism occurs with Streptomyces corchorusii producing AHL-lactonase. Hence, this Streptomyces isolate can protect citrus against green mold through Streptomyces-mediated ISR in a soilless production system, including environmentally friendly container horticulture [ 36 ]. Interaction studies of silicate application with other preventive methods, including other biological or chemical control agents or active substances following a comparable mechanism of action, are of utmost importance as well because of possible activation, enhanced or decreased effectiveness, or feasibility following the unsuspected interaction [ 37 ]. The mode of action of potassium and sodium silicate and biocontrol strains is believed to be the induction of systemic resistance in the host by increasing the cationic composition and, thus, the ionic strength of the liquid or tissue cells of host plants, resulting in the activation of the host defense mechanism. Moreover, the applied strains, potassium silicate or sodium silicate, might produce hydrolytic iron chelates in planta , as the nanoparticles are insoluble in the highly alkalized cytoplasm or apoplast and; hence, iron chelates are not effective, and a low quantity is left available for the citrus pathogen. Such mechanisms would be merely possible actions of potassium or sodium silicate and Streptomyces corchorusii against the green mold in oranges [38 &39]. Using potassium silicate, sodium silicate, or Streptomyces corchorusii is a baseline treatment to prevent or reduce green mold disease. Such a treatment is the conventional nonsynthetic fungicide that is traditionally used. Successfully preventing or controlling green mold disease will decrease fruit infestation incidence and intensify resistance against P. digitatum and P. italicum for extended periods. Potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and Streptomyces corchorusii can be applied to citrus fruits and have no or minimal effect on their quality. As a result, it supports or potentially supports the implementation of integrated disease management protocols due to the effectiveness and compliance with fruit quality and safety for phytosanitary and mandatory standard specifications [ 40 ]. In the current experiment, weight loss of Navel oranges exhibited a continuous increase during cold storage and shelf life in all treatments, reaching a maximum in the control (4.15%) and the PS (6.60%) treatments after 50 days, as previously reported in other studies, indicate that the fruit is still marketable [41 &42]. Generally, a water loss of more than 10% of the initial fruit weight induces wilting, membrane disintegration, senescence, and citrus fruit marketability [ 42 ]. Weight loss following harvest is generally attributed to both water loss by transpiration and respiration processes [ 43 – 45 ]. The reduction of water loss by Si-based treatments may be due to the modifications of the epidermal cell layer by extra Si depositions [ 46 ] or by covering fruit stomata with a-Si layer, which had a positive effect on reducing fruit respiration and losses of water [ 16 ]. The reduction in titratable acidity levels during storage is attributed to the increased permeability of membranes, facilitating the respiration of acids stored in cell vacuoles and their conversion into sugars through specific cellular processes [47 & 48]. The obtained results on TSS are in accordance with those previously reported by Bhavya [ 49 ] on Bengaluru blue grapes and Hanumanthaiah et al. [ 50 ] on bananas where the applied silicon and potassium helped in the synthesis of more sugars in the fruit, thus increasing the TSS content. It has been suggested that titratable acidity decreases in fruits as a result of the conversion of acids to sugars during respiration [ 51 ]. Cell turgidity and peel thickness are the two main factors affecting firmness, which mainly depends on the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and directly affects fruit softening. Many previous studies have shown that the activity of pectin methyl esterase can be increased under alkaline conditions to promote the decomposition of methyl esters along the pectin chain, thus reducing the pH of the peel [52 & 53]. The higher firmness observed in silicate-treated fruits may be attributed to the reduction in enzymatic activities responsible for cell wall degradation and membrane production; these findings align with those reported by Darshani and Dilshan [ 48 ]. The application of salts such as potassium silicate or sodium silicate alters the pH of the fruit peel surface. It inhibits the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectinlyase, and pectin methyl esterase) [ 12 ]. The content of antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C and carotenoids in fruit is maintained by silicon treatments [54 &55], possibly via the reduction of fruit respiration [ 16 – 56 ]. The ability of silicon to maintain antioxidant capacity and subsequently reduce the risk of abiotic stress has been reported in previous studies [ 16 ]. The current experiment revealed that all of the applied treatments resulted in the retention of fruit skin color, as reflected by retaining a higher hue angle and L* value compared to the untreated fruits. Silicate treatments effectively decreased fruit respiration and ethylene production and noticeably decreased metabolic activity and senescence process, thus retaining fruit color. These results agree with those Tarabih et al. [ 46 ] reported on Anna apples. According to other studies [57 & 58], the chromatic functions L*, C*, and h° correlate closely with color change. The delayed skin color darkening may be related to senescence inhibition by decreased fruit respiration [59 &60]. Conclusions During cold storage and shelf life, navel oranges might infected by various fungi, the most important of which are green or blue mold, which are controlled by chemical fungicides. It was necessary to search for more safe alternatives. The results of this study indicated that all the applied K and Si salt and Streptomyces corchorusii phytstc7 treatments recorded no green mold incidence during 30 days of cold storage followed by 3 days of shelf life. However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment exhibited 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. However, single treatments with PS, SS, and STC significantly suppressed disease development by 2.6%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. The combined treatment (PS + SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life as well as retained fruit quality. It was concluded that postharvest dipping in 10 6 CFU/ml STC alone or in combination with 1% PS and 0.5% SS could be used as an effective treatment to control green and blue mold and retain the quality of navel oranges during 50 days of cold storage and shelf life. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials Data will be made available on reasonable request Competing Interests The authors declare that they do not have any actual or potential conflict of interest. Clinical trial number: Not applicable Funding This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant IPP: 472 -155-2025. 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Food Chem. 2014;160:22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.073 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9360433","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":630170014,"identity":"545a3891-aafb-404c-b1e2-2b165a82fdf4","order_by":0,"name":"Mohamed I. Elsayed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"I.","lastName":"Elsayed","suffix":""},{"id":630170017,"identity":"d7235c9a-8cf2-47be-81fc-8f425f024500","order_by":1,"name":"Najeeb M. Almasoudi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Najeeb","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Almasoudi","suffix":""},{"id":630170018,"identity":"7de6e9e2-5120-4c66-8562-5dfc98361c30","order_by":2,"name":"Mohamed A. Awad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University,","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Awad","suffix":""},{"id":630170020,"identity":"630f0174-ef45-4b18-ba64-d948197edf4f","order_by":3,"name":"Adel D. Al-Qurashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adel","middleName":"D.","lastName":"Al-Qurashi","suffix":""},{"id":630170022,"identity":"2c9e59e8-6cbc-4ef4-be2e-c47f797fc612","order_by":4,"name":"Kamal A.M. Abo-Elyousr","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Assiut, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology,","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kamal","middleName":"A.M.","lastName":"Abo-Elyousr","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-08 18:53:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108182094,"identity":"9a7fb6f4-73af-4dfe-bba4-23362840a9d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:59:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":944792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9360433/v1/bd7f04b9-8f64-4ca1-a5ea-196a0e2fd583.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Streptomyces corchorusii, Sodium Silicate, and Potassium Silicate as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Control Fungal Rot of Navel Oranges During Cold Storage and Shelf Life","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eOranges are worldwide commercially important fruits due to their health-promoting compounds and pleasing sensory attributes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. It is classified as non-climacteric type that are characterized by low respiration rates and ethylene production during cold storage and shelf life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. However, oranges undergo rapid internal metabolic changes during cold storage and shelf life at ambient conditions, resulting in physiological and pathological disorders caused mainly by \u003cem\u003ePenicillium digitatum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePenicillium italicum\u003c/em\u003e, which decrease consumer preferences and marketability. Green and blue mold are the most important causes of citrus diseases, representing 80% of total rot decay. Therefore, it is necessary to search for more safe alternatives to combat mold [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Green mold disease is caused by the fungal pathogen \u003cem\u003ePenicillium digitatum\u003c/em\u003e and is currently citrus fruits' most significant postharvest disease. Controlling \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e is a global challenge and typically needs to be managed in an integrated manner during the pre and postharvest chains. For example, treating young seedlings of citrus trees during propagation by potassium silicate can reduce the disease severity of seedlings by suppressing the growth of \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e and upregulating defense-related genes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Biological control has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for managing several plant diseases, including green mold caused by \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e on citrus fruits [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The spore treatment with \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e showed potent \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eplanta\u003c/em\u003e antifungal activities against \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e and had two main mechanisms of action: production of non-volatile organic compounds and production of volatile organic compounds against \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. When conducting pilot experiments, using \u003cem\u003eS. corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e as a biocontrol agent, combined with low doses of synthetic fungicides, controlled \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e disease better than synthetic fungicides used solely at a high concentration. Biological agents effectively control different pathogens and could be used in integrated treatments with synthetic fungicides [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. The utilization of the biocontrol agent for disease control, compared with the application of synthetic fungicides, can reduce the doses and frequency of synthetic fungicide applications, thus reducing the release of toxic residues in the environment. However, there are several problems in the commercialization of the biocontrol agent, such as production cost, shelf life of the agent, compatibility, and stability of biocontrol agents under different field conditions during commercial cultivation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Many studies on biological agents of green mold on citrus and other crops have shown promising results. Synergistic effects of \u003cem\u003eS. corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e and silicate treatments regarding the results obtained from the in vitro pathogen inhibition test indicate that all \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces\u003c/em\u003e strains may complement the effects of low silicate concentrations, which were similar to the potencies of \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces\u003c/em\u003e alone [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalts have been used as antimicrobial agents as a postharvest treatment in citrus fruits. The antifungal effect of salts is mainly due to changes in the pH of the fruit peel surface and delaying the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectinlyase, and pectin methyl esterase) produced by the pathogen in the early stages of infection [12\u0026amp;13]. In addition, sodium, potassium, or calcium silicate salts release sodium, potassium, and calcium ions that adjust the osmotic balance of the cell, transport ions, stimulate metabolism and reduce toxicity through the Na\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;K+/Cl balance in the cytoplasm [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. However, salt treatments are notorious for not protecting the fruit for long periods or from re-infection. Therefore, the application time is an important factor in achieving the best results in fruit protection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. The effect of sodium and potassium salts on fruits and the possibility of activating their defensive response against fungal attack, stimulating the synthesis of phytoalexins, increasing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and enhancing the synthesis of peroxidases in tissues were studied, which positively reflects on fungal resistance [16 \u0026amp;17]. Silicon (Si) is one of the most beneficial mineral elements for plants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Silicon is important and effective in improving plant resistance to biotic stresses. The mechanisms by which silicon enhances plant resistance to biotic stresses are diverse and multiple. For example, silicon can be directly deposited in plant cell walls to enhance the strength of the cell wall, which may provide a barrier to prevent pathogen invasion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Silicon can also enhance plant defense-related metabolism to generate more antimicrobial substances, such as lignin and phenol, and defense-related enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, silicon is important in interacting with other hormones to improve plant resistance to pathogens. In horticultural crops belonging to the genus citrus, potassium silicate reduces the severity of disease caused by \u003cem\u003eLasiodiplodia theobromae\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eDiplodia natalensis\u003c/em\u003e, as well as the resistance against \u003cem\u003ePenicillium digitatum\u003c/em\u003e experimental infection, differently on citrus species [21 \u0026amp;22]. Sodium silicate has a wide range of applications in the response of plants to diseases, such as enhancement against pathogens, regulation of plant growth, and activation of a series of disease resistance-related genes. The interactions between sodium silicate treatment and specific genes related to disease responses activate the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid mediated signal pathways. Most laboratories and field trials have confirmed that exogenous treatment of sodium silicate could enhance the defense reaction of plants against a series of diseases, such as rice blast, downy mildew on cucumber, and numerous fungal pathogens [23 \u0026amp; 24]. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS), or 10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e CFU/ml \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations to control postharvest mold spoilage and retain regular quality attributes of Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted on Washington navel orange [\u003cem\u003eCitrussinensis\u003c/em\u003e (L.) \u003cem\u003eOsbeck\u003c/em\u003e] collected from a commercial orchard in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Fruits were picked at the maturity stage according to the TSS/TA ratio. Uniforms in size and free from visual symptoms of disease or mechanical damage were used for the experiment. Fruits were transported to the Postharvest Technology Laboratory of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah immediately after harvest. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates of 50 fruits each.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll fruit samples were thoroughly washed with distilled water for 1 min and then dried on sterile filter paper. Fruits of each treatment/replication were immersed for 15 minutes in either distilled water (control) or 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS), and 10 6 CFU/ml \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations. The wetting agent Tween 20 was added to all treatment formulations at a rate of 1 ml/L⁻\u0026sup1;. After air drying for 1 h, the fruits were packed in perforated cardboard boxes and cold stored at (5\u0026deg;C and 85\u0026ndash;90% RH) for 50 days, followed by 3 days of shelf life at ambient (23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1 C and 60\u0026ndash;70% RH). Samples were taken from three replicates for each treatment and examined intervals every 10 days as of cold storage plus 3 days of shelf life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.1. Disease incidence and severity\u003c/b\u003e (%)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease incidence and severity were recorded according to Almasaudi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3. Weight loss (%)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruits were periodically weighed, and the percentage of weight loss was calculated by the difference between the initial weight and that recorded on sampling date.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4. Total soluble solids (TSS%)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTSS was determined using a hand refractometer; a drop of orange juice was placed on the refractometer, and the reading was recorded and briefly expressed in percentage according to the Association of Official Analysis Chemists [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5. Titratable acidity (TA%)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt was determined as citric acid and calculated as percentage according to AOAC, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.6. TSS/acid ratio\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTSS/acid ratio was recorded by dividing the TSS value by the TA value.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.7. Fruits firmness (N)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit firmness was measured using a pressure tester.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.8. Vitamin C (mg/100 ml juice ascorbic acid)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitamin C was measured using the AOAC-recommended substrate of 2, 6 -dichlorophenolendophenol with a 2% solution of oxalic acid [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.9. Fruit peel lightness (L*)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeel lightness (L*.) was measured using a model colorimeter (color reader CR-410, Konica Minolta Inc., Japan), according to McGuire [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.10. Fruit peel Hue angle (h\u0026deg;)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeel Hue angle (h\u0026deg;) was measured using a model calorimeter (color reader) (h\u0026deg; = Arctan (b*/a*) according to Habibi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.11. Estimation of total phenolic (TPC)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal phenolic content (TPC) was measured according to Serna-Escolano et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.12. Peroxidase determination (POD)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeroxidase (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) activity was assessed using the method reported in Miranda et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.13. Polyphenoloxidase determination (PPO)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolyphenoloxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.18.1) activity was quantified according to Jiang et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results were statistically analysed as a completely randomized design with three replicates by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the statistical package software SAS (SAS Institute Inc., 2000, Cary, NC., USA). Comparisons between means were made by F-test and the least significant differences (LSD) at P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e3.1. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on green mold incidence (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere were no green mold incidences during 30 days of cold storage, followed by 3 days of shelf life in all treatments, including the control (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment demonstrated a progressive increase in disease incidence, reaching 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. This highlights the rapid spread of green mold under favorable storage conditions without intervention. Conversely, individual PS, SS, and STC treatments significantly suppressed disease development. Among these, STC was the most effective, achieving a mean disease incidence of 2%, compared to 2.6% for PS and 4.7% for SS. The combination treatment (PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. Other combinations, such as PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC and SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC, also performed exceptionally well, with mean incidences of 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on green mold incidence (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e3.2\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cb\u003eEffect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on disease severity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e showed that the control fruit showed the highest severity of green mold disease, reaching 19.2% and 35.5% after 40 and 50 days of cold storage, followed by 3 days of shelf life, respectively. This illustrates the aggressive progression of green mold in the absence of intervention. Individual treatments PS and SS reduced disease severity, achieving mean severities of 3.9% and 7.1%, respectively. The biological agent STC was particularly effective, with a mean severity of 2.5%, highlighting its potential as a standalone treatment. However, the combination treatments demonstrated even greater efficacy, with PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+STC treatment that eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. Other combinations, such as PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC and SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC, reduced mean severity to 2.5% and 1.2%, respectively, showing significant improvement over the single treatments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on green mold severity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e3.3. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on the physical characteristics during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.3.1 Weight loss (%)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight loss gradually increased during storage and shelf life, reaching its highest value after 50 days of storage (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The highest significant weight loss percentage was recorded for the PS treatment (6.6%), followed by the control (4.2%), which was not significantly different from the other treatments. All the applied treatments significantly reduced weight loss compared with the control, except for PS and SS treatments that were similar to the control. In this respect, PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatment exhibited the lowest weight loss (1.2%), followed by PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS treatment (1.4%) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on weight loss (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.09 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.48 B-E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.74 B-D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.70A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16 F-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 D-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.60 A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87AB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.09 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01 C-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.04 B-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 B-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.21 B-I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58AB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95 H-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62 E-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98 C-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68 D-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04 B-H\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.18 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.54 E-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72 D-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94 C-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09 B-G\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02 G-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.25 B-I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23 B-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85 IJ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89 C-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08 B-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27 B-I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00 J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88 C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.23 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.83A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.75 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.86 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.3.5 \u003cb\u003eFruits firmness (N)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit firmness decreased significantly with the increase in storage and shelf life period, reaching the lowest value in the control (45.4N) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). However, there were no significant differences in fruit firmness among the applied treatments, and the control, except for the PS and SS treatments, was lower than the control.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on firmness (N) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.30 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.1 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.86 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.93 i-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.36 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.6 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.7 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.2 d-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.3 f-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.9 k-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.1 o p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.4 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.1 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.6 d-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.5 f-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.3 i-n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.2 l-p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.0 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.8 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.9 g-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.7 k-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.6 k-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.6 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.0 b-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.8 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.9 f-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.0 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9 n-p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.7 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.6 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.54 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.38 f-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.37 f-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.6 m-p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.8 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.1 de\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.5 f-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.7 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.2 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.6 m-p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.3 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.5 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.6 d-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.5 h-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.6 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.8 n-p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.6 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.3 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.1 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.4 e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9 f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.8 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.0 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.0\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.3.7 \u003cb\u003eFruit peel lightness (L*)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn all the treatments, the L* value decreased with increasing the storage and shelf life period, reaching the lowest value in control (66.32) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). However, there were no significant differences in L* value among the applied treatments and the control except for the PS, SS, STC, and PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatments that maintained higher L* values than the control.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on peel lightness (L*) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.31 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.21 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.10 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.33 g-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.01 i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.32 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.69 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.21 a-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.57 c -h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.39 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.32 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.36 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.12 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.32 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.41 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.28 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.25 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.23 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.43 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.33 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.89 b-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.01 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.01 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.11 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.80 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.74 a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.38 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.83 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.34 g-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.18 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.08 a-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.41 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.22 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.21 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.5 f-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.74 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.87b-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.64 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.57 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.56 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.49 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.02 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.98 bh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.91 b-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.88 b-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.03 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.22 hi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.83 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.97 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.53 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.97 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.63 cd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.08 de\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.65 e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.68 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.78 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.92\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.3.8 \u003cb\u003eFruit peel Hue angle (h\u0026deg;)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe hue angle values of the fruit generally decreased gradually with the progress of the storage and shelf life period in all treatments (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). However, there were no significant differences in L* value among the applied treatments and the control\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on Hue angel (h\u0026deg;) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.37b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.63 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.37 c-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.25 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.29e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.86 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.33 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.38 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.24 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.68 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.66 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.09 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.78 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.24 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.38 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.43 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.27 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.06 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.81 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.40 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.32 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.74 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.05 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.09 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.28bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.91 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.81 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.92 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.25 de\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.90 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.14 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.36 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.46 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.15 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.12 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.58 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.31 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.26 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.86 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.11 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.81 c-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.43 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.46b-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.29 b-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.68 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.70 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.27 de\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.44 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.18 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.81 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.39 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.62 cd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.59 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.753 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.024 AB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.024\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e3.4. Effect of postharvest PS, SS and STC treatments and their combinations on the biochemical characteristics during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.4.1. Total soluble Solids (TSS)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eTSS percentage increased significantly with increasing the storage and shelf life period (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). After 50 days of storage and 3 days of shelf life, the lowest TSS content was recorded in SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatment (11.57%), followed by SS (11.86%) and then PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS (12.26%) with no significant differences among them.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on total soluble solids (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.54 h-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.59 h-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.74 e-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.03 c-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.39 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.65 g-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.04 c-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.09 b-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.34 a-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.95 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.47 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.20 no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.34 l-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.49 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.70 e-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.86 d-n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.89 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.27 m-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.67 f-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.00 c-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.21b-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.54 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.24 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.45 k-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.47 j-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.80 e-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.23 a-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.77 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.25 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.05 b-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.59 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.95 c-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.57 h-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.54 i-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.55 h-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.18 b-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.21 b-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.26 a-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.25 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.36 l-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.88 c-n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.97 c-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.23 a-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.41a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.27 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76 e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.39 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.70 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.98 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.34 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.25 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.29 AB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.72\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.4.2. Titratable acidity percentage (TA)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eTA content of orange juice decreased with fluctuation during storage and shelf life in all treatments (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). As the mean of the storage period, all the applied treatments significantly decreased TA content than the control except for the PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatment, which was similar to the control.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on titratable acidity (%) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.63 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00 d-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80 e-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.47 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.23 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70 g-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60 i-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33 b-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23 k-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33 b-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.30 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70 g-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.04 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70 g-k\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33 jm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 k-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77 f-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77 f-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 lm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.87 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63 h-l\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17 lm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33 j-m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.51 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.30 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30 e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.18 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.21 AB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.53\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.4.3. TSS/acid ratio\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe TSS/Acid ratio of orange juice increased significantly in all treatments, with an increase in storage period and shelf life reflecting an increase in TSS combined with a decrease in TA content (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). The highest value of TSS/Acid ratio was recorded in the STC treatment (16.3) and the lowest in the SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatment (7.0), followed by the control treatment (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on TSS/TA ratio during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.54 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.37D-K\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.35D-K\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.04 B-G\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.71 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.54 D-K\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.63 B-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0 B-D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.91 AB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.25 H-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.03 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 C-I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.97 B-G\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.30B-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.87 A-C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.39 J-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17H-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.86B-H\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.47 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.37 A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.30 A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.71 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.99 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.25 H-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.25 E-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.23B-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.00 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.30J-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 H-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.69 G-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.62 F-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.97 E-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39 C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.82 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.83 I-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.87 C-J\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.91E-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.97 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.66 BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96KL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.59 G-L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.33 D-K\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.49B-E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.50 B-F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.74BC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56 E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.59 DE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.25 C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.59 B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.68 A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.31 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.51 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.70\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on vitamin C (mg/100ml juice) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.67a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.22a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.59 d-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.89 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.26 p\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.09 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.37 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.93 a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.00 l-n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.98 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.88 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.81 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.22 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.89 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.52 m-o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.04 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.78 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.19 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.59 d-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.56 g-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.48 o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.08 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.78 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.67 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.89 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.11 h-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.22 no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.43 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.26 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.00 f-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.22 jk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.31 lm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.41 l-n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.35 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.63 a-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.30 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.89 kl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.00 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.19 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.30 e-i\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.56 g-j\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.96 ij\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.15 lm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.84 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.92 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.61 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.59 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.59 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.67 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.74 e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.63 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.73 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.79\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.4.4. Vitamin C (mg/100 ml juice ascorbic acid)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitamin C content of fruit gradually decreased (from 34.92 to 26.74 mg/100ml) during storage and shelf life. After 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life, the control treatment exhibited the lowest content of vitamin C (23.26 mg/100 ml juice) compared to the other treatments. As for the mean of the storage period, SS treatment retained the highest vitamin C content (33.04 mg/100 ml juice\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e, followed by PS treatment (32.98 mg/100 ml juice), while the lowest value was recorded in SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC treatment (31.35 mg/100 ml juice).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003e3.4.5. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POD) activities\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean values of PPO and POD activities significantly decreased by extending the storage and shelf life period (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). However, the applied treatments had no significant effects on PPO and POD activities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on PPO (Units/g/min) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23 e-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23 e-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12 g-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40 b-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51 a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29 c-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52 a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52 a-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11 g-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11 g-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0104 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.120 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.294\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enew. Effect of Potassium silicate (PS), Sodium silicate (SS) and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e (STC) and their combinations on POD (Units/g/min) during cold storage and shelf life of navel oranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold storage (days) followed by 3 days of shelf life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl (untreated)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.52 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35 b-f\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94 a-c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.50 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92 c-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92 c-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62 e-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.50 f-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38 b-e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70 d-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56 e-h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84 bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+SCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50 a-d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92 c-g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 gh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05 h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29 a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57 c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06 d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eValues in the column followed by different letters indicate significant differences among treatment\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eLSD value A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.305 B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.353 A*B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.865\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current findings found that potassium and sodium silicate and the bioagent \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii PHYTSTC7\u003c/em\u003e significantly decreased the incidence and severity of green mold disease in Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life compared to the control. The mechanisms of action of potassium and sodium silicate (a silicic acid-based treatment) could involve cell wall thickenings caused by silica adherence, quinone oxidation in exocytosis pathways, and cell lysis with silica. Thus, silica exocytosis from fungal interior cells leads to lysis with little or no spillage of cytoplasmic contents, while the release of the toxin is prevented [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. The bacteria produce acriflavin, an analog of actinomycin, and due to the production of these toxic metabolites, it can kill the phytopathological fungi [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mode of action of potassium and sodium silicate is believed to provide an unsuitable environment for pathogens, inhibit their enzyme activities, or produce bioactive molecules, but they also induce the plants to develop stronger cell walls or species responses [34 \u0026amp; 35].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results suggest that a similar activation of the host defense mechanism occurs with \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e producing AHL-lactonase. Hence, this Streptomyces isolate can protect citrus against green mold through Streptomyces-mediated ISR in a soilless production system, including environmentally friendly container horticulture [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. Interaction studies of silicate application with other preventive methods, including other biological or chemical control agents or active substances following a comparable mechanism of action, are of utmost importance as well because of possible activation, enhanced or decreased effectiveness, or feasibility following the unsuspected interaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mode of action of potassium and sodium silicate and biocontrol strains is believed to be the induction of systemic resistance in the host by increasing the cationic composition and, thus, the ionic strength of the liquid or tissue cells of host plants, resulting in the activation of the host defense mechanism. Moreover, the applied strains, potassium silicate or sodium silicate, might produce hydrolytic iron chelates in \u003cem\u003eplanta\u003c/em\u003e, as the nanoparticles are insoluble in the highly alkalized cytoplasm or apoplast and; hence, iron chelates are not effective, and a low quantity is left available for the citrus pathogen. Such mechanisms would be merely possible actions of potassium or sodium silicate and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e against the green mold in oranges [38 \u0026amp;39].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing potassium silicate, sodium silicate, or \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e is a baseline treatment to prevent or reduce green mold disease. Such a treatment is the conventional nonsynthetic fungicide that is traditionally used. Successfully preventing or controlling green mold disease will decrease fruit infestation incidence and intensify resistance against \u003cem\u003eP. digitatum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eP. italicum\u003c/em\u003e for extended periods. Potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e can be applied to citrus fruits and have no or minimal effect on their quality. As a result, it supports or potentially supports the implementation of integrated disease management protocols due to the effectiveness and compliance with fruit quality and safety for phytosanitary and mandatory standard specifications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the current experiment, weight loss of Navel oranges exhibited a continuous increase during cold storage and shelf life in all treatments, reaching a maximum in the control (4.15%) and the PS (6.60%) treatments after 50 days, as previously reported in other studies, indicate that the fruit is still marketable [41 \u0026amp;42]. Generally, a water loss of more than 10% of the initial fruit weight induces wilting, membrane disintegration, senescence, and citrus fruit marketability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Weight loss following harvest is generally attributed to both water loss by transpiration and respiration processes [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR44\" citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. The reduction of water loss by Si-based treatments may be due to the modifications of the epidermal cell layer by extra Si depositions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e] or by covering fruit stomata with a-Si layer, which had a positive effect on reducing fruit respiration and losses of water [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. The reduction in titratable acidity levels during storage is attributed to the increased permeability of membranes, facilitating the respiration of acids stored in cell vacuoles and their conversion into sugars through specific cellular processes [47 \u0026amp; 48]. The obtained results on TSS are in accordance with those previously reported by Bhavya [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e] on Bengaluru blue grapes and Hanumanthaiah et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e] on bananas where the applied silicon and potassium helped in the synthesis of more sugars in the fruit, thus increasing the TSS content. It has been suggested that titratable acidity decreases in fruits as a result of the conversion of acids to sugars during respiration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell turgidity and peel thickness are the two main factors affecting firmness, which mainly depends on the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and directly affects fruit softening. Many previous studies have shown that the activity of pectin methyl esterase can be increased under alkaline conditions to promote the decomposition of methyl esters along the pectin chain, thus reducing the pH of the peel [52 \u0026amp; 53]. The higher firmness observed in silicate-treated fruits may be attributed to the reduction in enzymatic activities responsible for cell wall degradation and membrane production; these findings align with those reported by Darshani and Dilshan [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]. The application of salts such as potassium silicate or sodium silicate alters the pH of the fruit peel surface. It inhibits the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectinlyase, and pectin methyl esterase) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe content of antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C and carotenoids in fruit is maintained by silicon treatments [54 \u0026amp;55], possibly via the reduction of fruit respiration [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17 CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30 CR31 CR32 CR33 CR34 CR35 CR36 CR37 CR38 CR39 CR40 CR41 CR42 CR43 CR44 CR45 CR46 CR47 CR48 CR49 CR50 CR51 CR52 CR53 CR54 CR55\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]. The ability of silicon to maintain antioxidant capacity and subsequently reduce the risk of abiotic stress has been reported in previous studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current experiment revealed that all of the applied treatments resulted in the retention of fruit skin color, as reflected by retaining a higher hue angle and L* value compared to the untreated fruits. Silicate treatments effectively decreased fruit respiration and ethylene production and noticeably decreased metabolic activity and senescence process, thus retaining fruit color. These results agree with those Tarabih et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e] reported on Anna apples. According to other studies [57 \u0026amp; 58], the chromatic functions L*, C*, and h\u0026deg; correlate closely with color change. The delayed skin color darkening may be related to senescence inhibition by decreased fruit respiration [59 \u0026amp;60].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eDuring cold storage and shelf life, navel oranges might infected by various fungi, the most important of which are green or blue mold, which are controlled by chemical fungicides. It was necessary to search for more safe alternatives. The results of this study indicated that all the applied K and Si salt and \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e phytstc7 treatments recorded no green mold incidence during 30 days of cold storage followed by 3 days of shelf life. However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment exhibited 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. However, single treatments with PS, SS, and STC significantly suppressed disease development by 2.6%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. The combined treatment (PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life as well as retained fruit quality. It was concluded that postharvest dipping in 10 6 CFU/ml STC alone or in combination with 1% PS and 0.5% SS could be used as an effective treatment to control green and blue mold and retain the quality of navel oranges during 50 days of cold storage and shelf life.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be made available on reasonable request\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they do not have any actual or potential conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant IPP: \u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e472\u003c/span\u003e-155-2025. We, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData curation, MIE, KAE, MA and NMA; Formal analysis, \u0026nbsp;AAD, MIE and NMA; Investigation, KAMA; Methodology, Project administration, NMAS; Resources, KAMA; Software, MEI, ADA and MA; Supervision, MA and KAMA; Visualization, NMA; Writing\u0026mdash;original draft, ADA, MA,and HMMK; Writing\u0026mdash;review and editing, MA.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant IPP: \u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e472\u003c/span\u003e-155-2025. 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Food Chem. 2014;160:22\u0026ndash;30. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.073\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.073\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Orange, Actinomycest, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants, Acidity, Shelf life","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOranges undergo internal metabolic changes during cold storage and shelf life at ambient conditions, resulting in physiological and pathological disorders caused mainly by \u003cem\u003ePenicillium digitatum\u003c/em\u003e (green mold) and \u003cem\u003ePenicillium italicum\u003c/em\u003e (blue mold) that decrease consumer preferences and marketability. To elucidate the effects of eco-friendly safe treatments to control mold spoilage and maintain the quality of Navel oranges during cold storage and shelf life, freshly mature fruits were dipped for 15 min in 1% potassium silicate (PS), 0.5% sodium silicate (SS) or 10 6 CFU/ml \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces corchorusii\u003c/em\u003e phytstc7 (STC) either alone or in combinations. The fruits were cold stored at (5\u0026deg;C and 85\u0026ndash;90% RH) for 50 days, followed by 3 days of shelf life (23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1 C and 60\u0026ndash;70% RH). All treatments recorded no green mold incidence during 30 days of cold storage followed by 3 days of shelf life. However, after 40 and 50 days, the control treatment demonstrated a progressive increase in disease incidence, reaching 16.6 and 23.3%, respectively. Conversely, single treatments with PS, SS, and STC significantly suppressed disease development by 2.6%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. The combined treatment (PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;SS+STC) exhibited synergistic effects and eliminated disease incidence during 50 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life. This treatment also exhibited superior effects in maintaining regular physical and biochemical parameters of fruit quality. Other combinations, such as PS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC and SS\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;STC, also performed exceptionally well, with a mean incidence of 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The severity of the disease followed a similar pattern as the disease incidence. Overall, postharvest dipping in 10 6 CFU/ml STC alone or combined with 1% PS and 0.5% SS could be used as an effective treatment to control green and blue mold and retain the quality of \u0026lsquo;Navel oranges\u0026rsquo; during 50 days of cold storage and shelf life.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Streptomyces corchorusii, Sodium Silicate, and Potassium Silicate as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Control Fungal Rot of Navel Oranges During Cold Storage and Shelf Life","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-29 15:16:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9360433/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-04T10:51:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-02T04:35:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T12:47:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T02:41:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T15:46:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-27T09:01:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-24T15:08:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"112880253332852445197683751026726591285","date":"2026-04-23T13:15:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"185109362936467577783816551982951878051","date":"2026-04-23T02:39:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"105774782475195530423367069996110553094","date":"2026-04-22T14:04:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"304927219926996321139618960698704470331","date":"2026-04-21T17:33:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"29260518746327243358106184465368620530","date":"2026-04-21T07:27:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201770891428240076054391338983141920241","date":"2026-04-21T05:07:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-21T02:31:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-14T08:10:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-14T05:30:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-13T22:11:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2026-04-13T20:29:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f120f90c-ffe8-45ca-9b0d-8a4f86ffeab4","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-04T10:51:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-02T04:35:30+00:00","index":39,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T12:47:17+00:00","index":38,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T02:41:17+00:00","index":37,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T15:46:16+00:00","index":36,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-19T04:09:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-29 15:16:16","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9360433","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9360433","identity":"rs-9360433","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}