Selection of an Appropriate Bedrock for Site Amplification Studies.

Selection of an Appropriate Bedrock for Site Amplification Studies. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Selection of an Appropriate Bedrock for Site Amplification Studies. Bhavesh Pandey, Ravi S Jakka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Feb, 2022 Read the published version in Natural Hazards → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The selection of half-space or reference sites significantly influences site amplification studies. However, there are no well-defined guidelines in the literature. Generally, a layer with a local shear wave velocity ( V S ) of more than 760 m/s is considered a bedrock/half-space/reference site. This study attempts to formulate a rationale for selecting bedrock stiffness to be used as a half-space/reference site. For this study, V S,30 (average shear wave velocity of top 30-meter soil strata from shear wave velocity measurements) and the site's fundamental frequency (obtained from Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio of ambient vibration records) were used as proxies to study the influence of bedrock/half-space and development of a rationale for their selection. This study uses strong-motion data from India's sixty-two strong motion stations and a few from Japan (Kik-Net). The results suggest that considering a site with a shear wave velocity of 760 m/s may not be suitable as a half-space/bedrock for most geomorphological conditions. The results also recognize a pattern that can help in the development of a mathematical model for determining the bedrock for a site using V S,30 and its fundamental frequency as a proxy. Atmospheric Sciences Site Effects Bedrock Stiffness Strong Ground Motion Amplification Impedance Contrast Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Feb, 2022 Read the published version in Natural Hazards → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 28 Sep, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Sep, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 13 Sep, 2021 First submitted to journal 11 Sep, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-898670","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":51897066,"identity":"2aef6966-2d06-4fec-88e2-2952a2af5fb7","order_by":0,"name":"Bhavesh Pandey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhavesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Pandey","suffix":""},{"id":51897067,"identity":"d99b4e8b-ebab-43a3-bfce-1c555a4ec72a","order_by":1,"name":"Ravi S Jakka","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIie2PsQqCUBSGjxywJXMWCl9BcRWf5cqF2ysEDR0Raglc6y0Codm4kIsPEQS1tLQ1BCWWq9cx6H7LgcP/cf4DoNH8IAaZCBAC2GjQZ4W9FAHgpEZCvRSAr+IV0J5RgKsj9x4snOQlrs4ziFwYWEV3sbWQ8ZqJYC+NJKmA+4QjpvhlmhbWQ8aNQoAMcOh1K9k1PTzZK87TRln0UDZC8iEr4h02iuyjXHgwZjzY1MW25JX+UqX4mQicG4smWVae7jSbu7ZdKRT6XvvMOmx25mvctiCpkhqNRvO/vAEBW0Jy6AHQzwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ravi","middleName":"S","lastName":"Jakka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-09-12 13:01:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05260-8","type":"published","date":"2022-02-25T07:52:26+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":18600317,"identity":"93df9289-e30f-45b4-8437-1f263c1d13fd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-02-25 07:52:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1712929,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BedrockFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-898670/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":13734810,"identity":"60d1df81-749f-4764-866b-d7da547751ec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 22:26:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1707671,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BedrockFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-898670/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSelection of an Appropriate Bedrock for Site Amplification Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-898670/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"natural-hazards","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nhaz","sideBox":"Learn more about [Natural Hazards](https://www.springer.com/journal/11069)","snPcode":"11069","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11069/3","title":"Natural Hazards","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Site Effects, Bedrock Stiffness, Strong Ground Motion, Amplification, Impedance Contrast","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe selection of half-space or reference sites significantly influences site amplification studies. However, there are no well-defined guidelines in the literature. Generally, a layer with a local shear wave velocity (\u003cem\u003eV\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) of more than 760 m/s is considered a bedrock/half-space/reference site. This study attempts to formulate a rationale for selecting bedrock stiffness to be used as a half-space/reference site. For this study, \u003cem\u003eV\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eS,30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e (average shear wave velocity of top 30-meter soil strata from shear wave velocity measurements) and the site's fundamental frequency (obtained from Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio of ambient vibration records) were used as proxies to study the influence of bedrock/half-space and development of a rationale for their selection. This study uses strong-motion data from India's sixty-two strong motion stations and a few from Japan (Kik-Net). 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The results also recognize a pattern that can help in the development of a mathematical model for determining the bedrock for a site using \u003cem\u003eV\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eS,30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e and its fundamental frequency as a proxy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Selection of an Appropriate Bedrock for Site Amplification Studies.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-09-17 22:26:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-898670/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-09-28T16:12:01+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-09-14T07:25:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-09-13T09:42:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Natural Hazards","date":"2021-09-11T04:28:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"natural-hazards","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nhaz","sideBox":"Learn more about [Natural Hazards](https://www.springer.com/journal/11069)","snPcode":"11069","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11069/3","title":"Natural Hazards","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"185b98a1-b10c-4280-a974-eafff10e9187","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 17th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":7273507,"name":"Atmospheric Sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-02-25T07:52:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-898670","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05260-8","journal":{"identity":"natural-hazards","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Natural Hazards"},"publishedOn":"2022-02-25 07:52:26","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 25th, 2022"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-09-17 22:26:16","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11069-022-05260-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05260-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-898670","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-898670","identity":"rs-898670","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}