Research on Energy-Saving Applications and Strategies of Microcontrollers in Multiple Domains: Bibliometric Analysis and Case Studies

With the continuous growth of energy consumption and the increasing importance of energy conservation and emission reduction, microcontrollers, as an efficient control technology, have great potential in the field of energy saving. This paper investigates the application of microcontrollers in the energy-saving sector, focusing on grid optimization, distribution transformer energy consumption management, and intelligent control systems. Through bibliometric analysis, literature was selected from the Web of Science database, and network mapping analysis was conducted using Vosviewer to reveal the main themes, development trends, and hot topics in microcontroller-based energy-saving research. Additionally, case studies were employed to explore the energy-saving mechanisms and technological pathways of microcontrollers in various fields, especially in the power grid domain. The research shows that microcontrollers can effectively improve device efficiency and reduce energy waste by optimizing control strategies and intelligent adjustment mechanisms. Particularly in grid and distribution transformer energy consumption management, the integration of microcontrollers significantly enhances the stability and efficiency of the system, especially by dynamically adjusting and monitoring in real time, thereby optimizing power supply and energy flow. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions, emphasizing the integration of microcontrollers with reinforcement learning, the Internet of Things, renewable energy, and other fields, aiming to achieve more efficient energy-saving strategies and provide experience for the optimization and promotion of microcontroller-based energy-saving technologies.