Performance-Based Design of an Aluminium-Core Buckling-Restrained Knee-Braced Truss Moment Frame

Performance-Based Design of an Aluminium-Core Buckling-Restrained Knee-Braced Truss Moment Frame | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Performance-Based Design of an Aluminium-Core Buckling-Restrained Knee-Braced Truss Moment Frame Ajaykumar Dahyalal Patel, Durgesh C Rai This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7782048/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Buckling-Restrained Knee Braced-Truss Moment Frame (BRKB-TMF) is a novel seismic force-resisting system that offers several advantages over conventional truss moment frames. It can be designed per Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) methodology to confine inelastic activities to the Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) and column bases, whereas keeping all other structural elements in the elastic range. An innovative BRB with an annealed aluminium core was developed and experimentally tested at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. This aluminium-core BRB exhibits significantly higher ductility than conventional steel-core BRBs and demonstrates pronounced hardening and energy dissipation capacity. However, this increased hardening behaviour can lead to excessive overstrength in the designed frame, potentially resulting in an uneconomical design. To address this issue, this study proposes a BRB hardening correction factor ( η ) into the existing PBPD procedure for BRKB-TMFs. The proposed modification reduces frame overstrength and generalizes the PBPD methodology, making it applicable regardless of BRB type by accounting for BRB hardening effects. A four-story prototype building was designed using the modified PBPD procedure, incorporating both aluminium-core and steel-core BRBs-referred to hereafter as Al-BRB and Steel-BRB frames, respectively-and their performance was evaluated and compared. Nonlinear pushover analysis confirmed that both frames exhibited excellent performance, with inelastic activities confined to the BRBs and column bases. To evaluate collapse performance, fragility curves were developed using incremental dynamic analysis with three intensity measures: spectral acceleration, peak ground acceleration, and peak ground velocity. The fragility curves for both frames were closely aligned for all intensity measures, indicating their similar dynamic characteristics and validating the general applicability of the proposed design methodology. The adjusted collapse margin ratio was found to be 3.02 for the Al-BRB frame and 1.76 for the Steel-BRB frame, demonstrating the superior collapse resistance of the Al-BRB frame. Buckling restrained braces Truss moment frame Incremental dynamic analysis fragility curves Full Text Supplementary Files Highlights.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 17 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 12 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7782048","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531298624,"identity":"78d53428-3818-42e7-b40f-9e669c4b381d","order_by":0,"name":"Ajaykumar Dahyalal 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It can be designed per Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) methodology to confine inelastic activities to the Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) and column bases, whereas keeping all other structural elements in the elastic range. An innovative BRB with an annealed aluminium core was developed and experimentally tested at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. This aluminium-core BRB exhibits significantly higher ductility than conventional steel-core BRBs and demonstrates pronounced hardening and energy dissipation capacity. However, this increased hardening behaviour can lead to excessive overstrength in the designed frame, potentially resulting in an uneconomical design. To address this issue, this study proposes a BRB hardening correction factor (\u003cem\u003eη\u003c/em\u003e) into the existing PBPD procedure for BRKB-TMFs. The proposed modification reduces frame overstrength and generalizes the PBPD methodology, making it applicable regardless of BRB type by accounting for BRB hardening effects. A four-story prototype building was designed using the modified PBPD procedure, incorporating both aluminium-core and steel-core BRBs-referred to hereafter as Al-BRB and Steel-BRB frames, respectively-and their performance was evaluated and compared. Nonlinear pushover analysis confirmed that both frames exhibited excellent performance, with inelastic activities confined to the BRBs and column bases. To evaluate collapse performance, fragility curves were developed using incremental dynamic analysis with three intensity measures: spectral acceleration, peak ground acceleration, and peak ground velocity. The fragility curves for both frames were closely aligned for all intensity measures, indicating their similar dynamic characteristics and validating the general applicability of the proposed design methodology. 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