Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in PDT-induced innate immune response cervical human papillomavirus infection (HPV)

Abstract Purpose Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising treatment modality for human papillomavirus (HPV) associated diseases, particularly cervical precancer and cancer, offering a non-invasive approach to disease management. Methods In this study, we conducted analysis of mRNA TLR-2, -3, -4, and − 8 expressions in cervical smears before and after PDT. A total of 1187 women underwent PDT, and the study focused on evaluating mRNA expression of TLRs 2/3/4/8 on 125 women. Results Our findings demonstrated that PDT triggers the activation of early markers of the antiviral innate immune response within two hours of treatment. This activation, in turn, induces a robust antiviral and antitumor immune response. Conclusion This study underscores the potential of PDT as a therapeutic strategy for HPV-associated diseases by harnessing its ability to activate the immune response. The observed reduction in the risk of cancer recurrence, coupled with the induction of an antiviral and antitumor immune response, highlights PDT as a promising approach in the treatment of cervical pathologies associated with HPV infection.