An Updated Seismic Hazards and Seismotectonic Studies for Sinai Peninsula, Egypt

An Updated Seismic Hazards and Seismotectonic Studies for Sinai Peninsula, Egypt | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An Updated Seismic Hazards and Seismotectonic Studies for Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Shaimaa Ismail Mostafa, Medhat El Rayess This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7013742/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Sinai Peninsula is located in western Asia in northeastern Egypt. It is characterized by its numerous mineral resources such as gold, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, limestone, gypsum, iron oxides, sand, gravel, feldspar, kaolin and marble, which is used in many industrial raw materials such as metallurgy, cement and ceramic industries. Sinai's coasts are characterized by the presence of ultra-pure white sand as well as black sand deposits rich in titanium, zircon, manazite, rutile and garnet minerals. Sinai also has many coal, hydrocarbon, uranium and thorium resources. In south Sinai, the red sea bifurcates into the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, which are characterized by moderate to high seismic activity and the presence of earthquake swarms. To preserve mineral and petroleum reserves, protect facilities and installations, and eliminate any potential human losses, the seismic hazard in Sinai is evaluated using the probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard assessment techniques. The historical and recent earthquakes were collected into a complete homogenous catalog and the study area was divided into 39 seismic sources plus a background seismic source according to seismicity, focal mechanism and tectonics to build a seismotectonic source model taking into account the impact of local and regional seismicity on Sinai. The recurrence parameters were estimated for each source and alternative attenuation relationships were used to account for epistemic uncertainty. Hazard maps were created to indicate the ground motion for peak acceleration and 0.1, 0.2 and 2 seconds-spectral accelerations. The probabilistic hazard maps were created to show ground motion at the 475-years return period while the deterministic maps show acceleration at the 50th percentile level for the selected probabilities of exceedance. Uniform hazard spectra and deaggregation of hazards were estimated for some cities in Sinai. Some earthquakes were simulated to study the effect of magnitude and distance to some cities on acceleration values. Synthetic accelerograms have also been created to assist earthquake eengineers in performing nonlinear dynamic analysis of buildings. The results of this study are very important in seismic risk assessment, microzonation and engineering studies. Seismic hazard seismic risk microzonation uniform hazard spectra peak ground acceleration and deaggregation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7013742","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":483442421,"identity":"3c8461e0-38a5-4ac5-8ed3-60634b3b0298","order_by":0,"name":"Shaimaa Ismail Mostafa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zagazig University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaimaa","middleName":"Ismail","lastName":"Mostafa","suffix":""},{"id":483442422,"identity":"26835d52-9c53-4d74-b619-500d4d911d54","order_by":1,"name":"Medhat El Rayess","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Medhat","middleName":"El","lastName":"Rayess","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-30 19:38:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7013742/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7013742/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86508963,"identity":"d2c6210a-11a8-4b13-97b3-22b70b012269","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-11 12:32:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3541778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ResearchCompiled3062025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7013742/v1_covered_7f1ff46c-6ab0-446c-a7b3-c432e614a09a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An Updated Seismic Hazards and Seismotectonic Studies for Sinai Peninsula, Egypt","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"modeling-earth-systems-and-environment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mese","sideBox":"Learn more about [Modeling Earth Systems and Environment](http://link.springer.com/journal/40808)","snPcode":"40808","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40808/3","title":"Modeling Earth Systems and Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Seismic hazard, seismic risk, microzonation, uniform hazard spectra, peak ground acceleration and deaggregation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7013742/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7013742/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSinai Peninsula is located in western Asia in northeastern Egypt. It is characterized by its numerous mineral resources such as gold, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, limestone, gypsum, iron oxides, sand, gravel, feldspar, kaolin and marble, which is used in many industrial raw materials such as metallurgy, cement and ceramic industries. Sinai's coasts are characterized by the presence of ultra-pure white sand as well as black sand deposits rich in titanium, zircon, manazite, rutile and garnet minerals. Sinai also has many coal, hydrocarbon, uranium and thorium resources. In south Sinai, the red sea bifurcates into the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, which are characterized by moderate to high seismic activity and the presence of earthquake swarms. To preserve mineral and petroleum reserves, protect facilities and installations, and eliminate any potential human losses, the seismic hazard in Sinai is evaluated using the probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard assessment techniques. 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