Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem, causing morbidity in 13 million people annually, among which, 85% occur in developing countries. It is, therefore, one of the important issues in Africa where there is resource limitation at large, and appreciation of its pattern can help understand its causes, complications, and outcome better which are determinants for its early prevention and management. The objective of the study was to evaluate Patterns and outcomes of AKI patients who are admitted to the Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) Adult Emergency Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective Cross-sectional study was done from August 1, 2018, to May 1, 2019. . A total of 144 cases of AKI were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was done for the identification of mortality predictors. Patients’ laboratory results on admission and discharge were compared by paired samples T-test. Survival time was estimated by Kapan- Meier and Log Rank Test with a 95% CI. Results: The mean age of presentation at a younger age of 46.16 ± 16.6, the most common causes of AKI were Sepsis (43.2%), volume depletion (25%), cardiorenal syndrome (16%), and obstructive uropathy (16%). Uremic encephalopathy, sepsis, and hyperkalemia were factors that were identified as mortality predictors in overall AKI patients. Conclusion: AKI patients with sepsis were found to have lower hospital survival than those without sepsis. From the laboratory findings, there was a significant difference between creatinine values on admission and discharge.