Core/Shell Phase Change Materials: A Review on Green Synthesis and Their Application in Industrial and Energy Sector

Engineered substances that demonstrate superior properties compared with conventional materials are called advanced materials. Thermal energy storage systems based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer an eco-friendly solution to reduce fuel and electricity consumption. The PCMs are compounds that can store thermal energy in the form of latent heat during phase transitions. Green synthesis of core/shell composite PCMs is an environmentally friendly method for producing these materials, focusing on reducing energy consumption, minimizing the use of harmful chemicals, and utilizing biodegradable or sustainable materials. Green synthesis methods typically involve natural materials, solvent-free techniques, green solvents, biomimetic approaches, and energy-efficient processes. This review presents the principles of latent heat thermal energy storage systems with PCMs in accordance with physical chemistry guidance. Furthermore, materials that can be used as PCMs, along with the most effective methods for improving their thermal performance, as well as various passive applications in the building sector, are highlighted. Finally, the focus on the combination of environmentally friendly processes and the performance benefits of composite PCMs that offer a sustainable solution for thermal energy storage and management is also discussed.