Analysis of the weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index based on multiple adverse outcome indicators

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In 2015, the World Health Organization redefined healthy aging by introducing the concept of functional capacity. This study aims to explore the weighting of each dimension of functional capacity and its composite index, and to examine the predictive value of the functional capacity composite index for multiple adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Using data from the 2015 (baseline) and 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we analyze intrinsic capacity, disability, falls, and hospitalization.Use the Critic weighting method to calculate the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and related weights.The predictive ability of the intrinsic capacity composite index for disability, falls, and hospitalization was demonstrated by calculating the ROC curve. Results: The 8,647 elderly people included in the baseline study showed relatively severe impairment in their motor and cognitive dimensions. Among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, which are measured by adverse health outcomes such as disability, falls, and hospitalization, cognition, mobility, and vitality are weighted most heavily.The intrinsic capacity composite index of the 5,216 elderly people followed up can independently predict disability, falls, and hospitalization in the elderly, with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.652, 0.611, and 0.584, respectively. Conclusion: This study longitudinally examines the predictive impact of the intrinsic capacity composite index on disability, falls, and hospitalization, actively responding to the trend of healthy aging.The cognitive, motor, and vitality dimensions of intrinsic capacity are emphasized. Decline in intrinsic capacity is an independent predictor of disability, falls, and hospitalization in older adults. Community nursing care Intrinsic capacity Disability Falls Hospitalization Weighting CRITIC weighting method Figures Figure 1 Introduction According to data from the seventh national census[ 1 ], as of 2020, China's pop-ulation aged 60 and above was 260 million, accounting for 18.7% of the total population.China has entered a stage of deep aging, characterized by a large population base, rapid growth, and high aging rates[ 2 ].The large elderly populat-ion will place a serious burden on our country in terms of care.In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined “healthy aging” from the perspectiv-e of functional maintenance as the process of developing and maintaining the f-unctional abilities necessary for healthy living in older age[ 3 ].Intrinsic capacity (IC) is the core of functional performance and emphasizes the biological reser-ves and residual capacity of older adults. It includes five dimensions: cognitio-n, psychology, sensation, vitality, and movement[ 4 ].Enhancing and maintaining t-he intrinsic capacity of older adults is central to improving their functional pe-rformance and promoting healthy aging[ 2 ].Research shows that a decline in int-rinsic capacity is closely related to adverse health outcomes such as disability[ 4 ], falls[ 5 ], and hospitalization[ 6 ], so it is particularly important to pay attenti-on to the intrinsic capacity of older adults. A reasonable scoring method can better reflect the functional level of older adults and enhance the comparability of different research results.Although the WHO has provided recommendations and guidelines for measuring IC from the perspective of screening and indepth assessment, the guidelines do not provide a clear scoring method. Domestic and international studies have not yet reached a consensus on the scoring method for IC, and the scoring method for IC is still in the exploratory stage.When calculating IC scores, how to convert each independent functional score into a standard intrinsic capacity composite index, and the weighting of different areas, still need further discussion[ 7 ].Scholars have proposed conducting research in the future on the relationship between intrinsic capacity scoring methods and important adverse outcomes[ 2 ].Therefore, based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study uses the CRITIC weighting method to explore the weights and composite index of each dimension of intrinsic capacity, while also testing the predictive value of the composite index of intrinsic capacity for disability, falls, and hospitalization, providing a basis for scoring intrinsic capacity and verifying the relationship between intrinsic capacity and a variety of important outcome indicators. Methods Study population The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a largescale longitudinal survey project led by the National School of Development at Peking Universityand implemented by the China Social Science Survey Center at Peking University.Based on the preliminary survey, CHARLS conducted a baseline survey in 2011 covering 150 county-level units and 28 provinces across mainland China, with an overall response rate of over 85%.Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020, covering seven major modules: basic information, family information, health status and function, healthcare and insurance, employment, retirement, and pensions, income, expenditure, and assets, and housing conditions, as well as detailed physical examinations and blood biomarker data.This comprehensive longitudinal dataset allows us to test the validity and predictive value of the concept of intrinsic capacity[ 8 ]. This study used the 2015 CHARLS data as baseline information. A total of 20,968 respondents participated in the survey, and 8,647 elderly people aged 60 a-nd above had complete data related to intrinsic capacity.As of 2020, a total of 2,408 elderly individuals with complete follow-up data were retained.This stud-y was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (No. IRB00001052-11015)[ 9 ], and all participants signed informed consent forms. Intrinsic capacity assessment This study combines measurement methods from previous studies with existing information in the database to select the following methods for assessing intrinsic capacity. Motor The motor dimension includes three parts: gait speed, sit-to-stand test, and balance test. Each part is worth a maximum of 4 points, for a total of 12 points.This study defined scores ≤ 8 as decreased motor function[ 10 ]. Vitality Vitality is related to human metabolic balance, but there is currently no unified definition.The vitality dimension in this study mainly measures body mass index (BMI), which is one of the core indicators of nutritional assessment commonly used in clinical practice.According to the Chinese adult weight classification standards, this study divided BMI into four groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m²), overweight (24 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m²), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²). Sensory The sensory dimension was assessed using a self-report method, mainly including hearing and vision functions.Vision and hearing are assessed through the following questions: “How well can you see things in the distance? For example, can you recognize your friends across the street (including those wearing glasses)?” and “How is your hearing? (If you wear a hearing aid, how is your hearing when wearing it?)”Vision and hearing results were assessed using the Likert scale, with 1 point for poor and 5 points for excellent.This study defined a score of ≤ 2 as a decline in visual and auditory function, while a score above 2 was considered normal visual and auditory function[ 11 ]. Psychological The psychological dimension mainly focuses on depression assessment, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).The Chinese version of this scale has been applied to elderly people in China, with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.815.Each item is scored from 0 to 4 points, with questions 5 and 8 scored in reverse, for a total of 30 points.A CES-D score of ≥ 10 indicates symptoms of depression. Cognition The cognitive dimension primarily includes time orientation (year, month, day, season), memory (repeating 10 words after hearing them; recalling these words after completing arithmetic problems), arithmetic ability (subtracting 7 from 100 continuously), and operational ability (imitating and drawing two overlapping pentagrams), with a total score of 31 points.Cognitive impairment was defined based on the educational level of the study subjects: illiterate < 17 points, ele-mentary school level < 20 points, middle school level (including technical sec-ondary school) < 22 points, and college level (including junior college) < 23 p-oints[ 12 ] were classified as cognitive impairment. Disability The measurement of disability indicators in this study was mainly based on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale in CHARLS.Activities of daily living (ADL) are a general indicator of functional ability, assessed independently of the functional characteristics included in the intrinsic capacity structure, and include dressing, bathing, eating, getting in and out of bed, using the toilet, and controlling bowel and bladder functions.The difficulty level is assigned as follows: “No difficulty = 1,” “Some difficulty but able to complete = 2,” “Difficult and requires assistance to complete = 3,” and “Completely unable to complete = 4.”A total score of 6–24 points, with a score of ≥ 7 points defined as disability[ 13 ]. Fall A fall is defined as an accidental fall or slip on flat ground or low ground within the past two years, without loss of consciousness, excluding falls caused by serious physical illness or extreme circumstances. Hospitalization Hospitalization or readmission is defined as a patient visiting the emergency room or outpatient clinic for illness within the past year, with the doctor determining that hospitalization is necessary for treatment. Hospitalization for convalescence and health checkups are not included in readmission. Covariates Data on sociodemographic and medical covariates that may be related to intrinsic capacity and disability were selected and coded. See Table 1 .The medical covariates included self-reported information on 14 diseases. Table 1 Setting and encoding of control variables Items Control variables Variable coding information interpretation Sociodemographic variables Age 1 = 60-69years;2 = 70-79years;3 ≧ 80years Sex 1 = male;2 = female Marital status 1 = married;2 = unmarried༛3 = widowed;4 = Divorced or separated Education level 1 = illiterate;2 = elementary school;3 = Secondary schools (including junior colleges);4 = University (including post-secondary) Place of residence 1 = urban;2 = rural Smoking 1 = non-smoker;2 = smoker Alcohol 1 = no alcohol;2 = alcohol yearly income 1 = < 15 000;2 = 15 000 ~ < 30 000༛3 = ≥ 30 000 health status Self-rated health 1 = bad ; 2 = fair; 3 = good; 4 = very good; 5 = excellent Medical covariates Chronic diseases 1 = 0;2 = 1༛3 = ≥ 2 Statistical methods Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 30.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.Normally distributed quantitative data are expressed as (xˉ±s), non-normally distributed quantitative data are expressed as M(IQR), and count data are described using frequency and percentage.The CRITIC weighting method is used to calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the impact of each dimension of intrinsic capacity on disability, falls, and hospitalization.Plot the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculate the area under the curve (AUC), and determine sensitivity and specificity based on the maximum Youden index.A P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Basic Information and Impaired Intrinsic Capacity of Community Elderly The baseline study included 8,647 participants with an average age of (73.16 ± 8.53) years. 41.6% were male, 76.1% had an education level of elementary school or below, 79.2% were married, 79.4% were rural residents, 43.8% had one or more chronic diseases, and 42.2% self-reported poor health. The intrinsic capacity of elderly people is generally impaired, with 6,626 cases (78.3%) of visual impairment, 6,193 cases (73.1%) of hearing impairment, 7,177 cases (84.8%) of cognitive impairment, 3,101 cases (36.6%) of depressive symptoms, 4,626 cases (54.6%) of motor function decline, underweight in 604 cases (7.1%), overweight in 2,669 cases (31.5%), and obesity in 1,159 cases (13.7%).See Table 2 . Table 2 Impaired intrinsic capacity of the elderly in the community sensory Cognition Psychological Motor Vitality Socio-demographic categorization vision Impair-ed hearing Impaire-d cognitive impairme-nt Depressi-ve sympto-ms decline in motor function underweight Overwei-ght obesity characteristics 60–69 n = 6626 n = 6193 n = 7177 n = 3101 n = 4626 n = 604 n = 2669 n = 1159 Age (years, %) 2374 2144 2465 1135 2721 138 1094 533 70–79 2698 2558 2899 1316 1002 218 1086 452 ≧ 80 1554 1491 1813 650 903 248 489 174 Sex (n, %) male 2676 2651 2924 1075 1766 284 985 368 female 3950 3542 4253 2026 2860 320 1684 791 educational level(n, %) illiterate 2612 2405 2514 1184 1882 208 1126 501 elementary school 2422 2301 2748 1091 1580 234 943 420 Secondary schools 1447 1360 1728 732 1019 156 533 203 University 145 127 187 94 145 6 67 35 Marital status(n, %) married 5230 4907 5581 2339 3698 462 2150 958 unmarried 50 48 54 29 33 9 13 2 widowed 1032 971 1196 561 638 118 363 153 Divorced 、 separated 314 267 346 172 257 15 143 46 Place of residence(n, %) urban 1260 1166 1271 478 919 68 663 343 rural 5366 5027 5906 2623 3707 536 2006 816 yearly income(Chinese Yuan %) 30000 116 111 106 23 139 4 67 39 Smoking (n, %) smoker 3833 3594 4145 1776 2638 372 1480 605 non-smoker 2793 2599 3032 1325 1988 232 1189 554 Alcohol (n, %) alcohol 1904 1829 2031 815 1310 163 750 281 no alcohol 4722 4364 5146 2286 3316 441 1919 878 Chronic diseases(n, %) 0 2200 2054 2383 1028 1016 202 885 384 1 2264 2059 2384 1028 2014 201 888 384 ≥ 2 2258 2080 2410 1045 1596 201 896 391 Self-rated health (n, %) bad 1908 1797 2029 1131 1224 194 692 314 fair 2353 2224 2467 906 1898 184 969 371 good 878 821 1031 390 576 86 379 184 very good 801 724 913 351 522 79 347 166 excellent 868 627 737 323 406 61 282 124 CRITIC weighting method Comprehensive evaluation[ 11 ] refers to a special method that comprehensively considers multiple indicator systems, integrates multiple relevant indicators to analyze and evaluate the research object, and ultimately ranks them in order of superiority and inferiority.This study uses the CRITIC weighting method to determine the weights of each variable, thereby conducting a comprehensive quantitative assessment of IC in the elderly.As an objective weighting method, the core principle of the CRITIC weighting method lies in determining the weight values of indicators by comparing their intensity and conflict indicators.The contrast strength reflects the variability within the indicator, which is usually expressed by the standard deviation. The larger the standard deviation, the greater the fluctuation in the data within the indicator, and the greater the weight value.Conflict is reflected by the correlation coefficient. The higher the correlation coefficient, the lower the conflict, and thus the lower the weight.The comprehensive evaluation consists of the following three steps:①Perform dimensionless processing such as normalization or inversion on the raw data.② Calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity using the CRITIC weighting method.③ Calculate the IC composite index, multiply the dimensionless data by the corresponding weight value, and finally add up to obtain the intrinsic capacity composite index[ 14 ]. Calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using disability as the outcome indicator. Step 1: Dimensionless processing of indicators: Positive processing of cognitive abilities, motor skills, and sensory abilities.Psychological ability is a reverse indicator and is treated as such.BMI is a neutral indicator and cannot be directly normalized or inverse normalized.This study used the Z-score cutoff method to normalize BMI. First, the Z-score of the original BMI value was calculated, then the absolute Z-score value was taken, and finally reverse normalization was performed, resulting in data values ranging from [0,1]. Step 2: According to the CRITIC method analysis of the weights of each indic-ator, the weights of vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimensi-on, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 18.64%, 6.41%, 30.89%, 10.65%, 28.94%, and 4.46%, respectively. See Table 3 . Step 3: The dimensionless indicator data is multiplied by the corresponding weight, added up, and then multiplied by 100 to obtain a comprehensive intrinsic capacity index with a score range of 0-100. Calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using falls as the outcome indicator. Repeat steps 1 and 3 above, and analyze the weights of each indicator using the CRITIC method. The weights for vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimension, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 21.01%, 7.40%, 15.44%, 10.98%, 34.89%, and 10.28%, respectively. See Table 3 . Calculation of the weights of the dimensions of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using hospitalization as the outcome indicator Repeat steps 1 and 3 above, and analyze the weights of each indicator using the CRITIC method. The weights for vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimension, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 9.31%, 9.58%, 17.03%, 16.92%, 18.86%, and 28.30%, respectively.See Table 3 . Table 3 Weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity based on multiple adverse outcome indicators vision hearing Cognition Psychological Motor Vitality disability 0.186419 0.064135 0.308896 0.106505 0.289437 0.044608 fall 0.210067 0.073991 0.154431 0.109773 0.348949 0.102789 hospitalization 0.093051 0.095801 0.170341 0.169191 0.188603 0.283017 Relationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and disability The results of single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with decreased physical function, depression, cognitive impairment, hearing and vision impairment, overweight, and obesity had an increased risk of disability (P < 0.05).When age, gender, living environment, economic income, educational level, marital status, smoking and drinking habits, number of chronic diseases, and health status were adjusted for as confounding factors in the analysis, cognitive impairment, decreased motor ability, depression, hearing and vision impairment, overweight and obesity were independently associated with disability in older adults. See Table 4 . Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the relationship between elderly IC and disability, falls, and hospitalization disability fall hospitalization IC OR value(95%CI ) P value OR value(95%CI ) P value OR value(95%CI ) P value vision 1.286(1.182–1.399) < 0.001 1.116(1.017–1.223) 0.02 1.010(0.918–1.110) 0.844 hearing 1.345(1.232–1.470) < 0.001 1.206(1.094–1.329) < 0.001 1.063(0.962–1.175) 0.232 Cognition 1.039(1.020–1.058) < 0.001 1.022(1.005–1.040) 0.013 0.958(0.708–1.296) 0.779 Psychological 0.910(0.899–0.921) < 0.001 1.819(1.537–2.152) < 0.001 0.779(0.650–0.933) 0.007 Motor 1.268(1.212–1.326) < 0.001 1.095(1.043–1.148) < 0.001 1.056(1.004–1.110) 0.035 Vitality underweight < 0.001 0.262 0.031 normal 0.799(0.585–1.092) 0.16 0.889(0.639–1.237) 0.484 1.348(0.981–1.854) 0.066 Overweight 0.674(0.468–0.936) 0.018 0.765(0.543–1.078) 0.126 1.338(0.956–1.873) 0.03 obesity 0.497(0.345–0.716) < 0.001 0.908(0.616–1.340) 0.628 1.035(0.711–1.507) < 0.001 Relationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and falls The results of the single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with decreased physical function, depression, cognitive impairment, and hearing and vision impairment had an increased risk of falling (P < 0.05).After controlling for confounding factors, decreased physical function, visual impairment, cognitive impairment, depression, and hearing loss were independently associated with falls in older adults. Table 4 . Relationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and hospitalization The results of the single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older ad-ults with decreased physical function, depression, hearing loss, and overweight had an increased risk of hospitalization (P < 0.05).After controlling for confou-nding factors, overweight, obesity, malnutrition, decreased physical function, an-d depression were independently associated with the risk of hospitalization amo-ng older adults. See Table 4 . The predictive impact of the intrinsic capacity composite index on disability, falls, and hospitalization among community-dwelling older adults This study calculated the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity for 2,408 elderly people with complete follow-up information, using disability, falls, and h-ospitalization as dependent variables and the comprehensive index of intrinsic c-apacity as the independent variable, with the aim of understanding the predicti-ve and risk associations of the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity with multiple adverse health outcomes in elderly people.See Fig. 1 . The AUC of the intrinsic capacity composite index for disability in older adults was 0.652 [95% CI 0.6366 to 0.6672, P < 0.001], with a Yorden index, sensitivity, and sp-ecificity of 0.224, 61.0%, and 61.4%, respectively;The AUC for falls was 0.611 [95% CI 0.5916 to 0.6297, P < 0.001], with a Yorden index, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.169, 49.7%, and 67.2%, respectively;The AUC for hospitalization was 0.584 [95% CI 0.5650 to 0.6031, P < 0.001], with a Yodan index, sens-itivity, and specificity of 0.133, 43.0%, and 70.2%, respectively. Discussion Weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity This study uses CHARLS data from 2015 and 2020. Based on the distribution of intrinsic capacity dummy variables, the Critic weight analysis method is used to calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index.As an objective weighting method, the Critic weighting analysis method avoids subjective judgment and takes into account the impact of indicator variation and conflicts between indicators on the weighting of intrinsic capacity dimensions.In addition, the characteristics of interconnection and mutual influence between the various dimensions of intrinsic capacity are consistent with the scope of application of the Critic weighting analysis method.At the same time, intrinsic capacity, as a comprehensive evaluation indicator of health management for older adults, is closely related to the occurrence of disability, falls, and hospitalization.Therefore, this study calculated the weights and composite index of each dimension of intrinsic capacity using disability, falls, and hospitalization as outcome indicators to identify high-risk elderly populations and delay the onset of care dependency through personalized intervention measures, providing a theoretical and empirical basis for healthy aging. Weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with disability as the outcome indicator With the acceleration of China's aging process, the number and proportion of people with disabilities continues to grow. Disability not only causes suffering to the elderly themselves, but also places a heavy burden on families and society.This study used disability as the outcome indicator and the Critic weighting method to calculate the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights. The results showed that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the cognitive dimension had the highest weight, while the vitality dimension had the lowest weight. Cognitive ability refers to the ability to recognize and understand things, specif-ically including memory, calculation, understanding and thinking, judgment and reasoning, language expression, execution, and spatial orientation. When one o-r more of these abilities are impaired and affect daily life or social skills, it i-s considered a cognitive impairment[ 15 ].Cognitive decline has a critical impact on the daily functioning of older adults.[ 16 ]. included 1,677 elderly people a-ged 60 years and older in their study and followed them up for two years. Th-e results showed that good cognitive function at baseline red-uced the risk of disability, and that improving cognitive function over time helped to improve a-nd prevent disability in the elderly.Similarly, in a community-based longitudina-l study[ 17 ], key findings indicated that cognitive scores predicted subsequent d-isability in both dementia-free older adults and those with Alzheimer's disease.Cognitive function can affect older adults' memory, orientation, and ability to p-erform complex tasks, making it difficult for them to perform basic selfcare.O-ur brains begin to enter an initial stage of aging at the age of 25, but this st-age does not cause any significant symptoms.As we age, the secretion of neur-otransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine gradually decreases, leading to accelerated atrophy of the prefrontal cortex of the brain and causing variou-s problems such as memory loss and slow reactions.Furthermore, unlike other functions, cognitive decline is irreplaceable.Elderly people with reduced mobility can use assistive devices such as canes and wheelc-hairs as alternatives、Older adults with age-related vision impairments can improve their vision by wearin-g glasses or undergoing eye surgery、Elderly people with hearing loss can com-municate with others by wearing hearing aids.However, elderly people with co-gnitive impairment may fail to respond even when receiving assistance from o-thers, as they may not fully understand instructions or cooperate with care.In t-his study, 89.8% of elderly people with disabilities showed varying degrees of cognitive decline, so the cognitive dimen-sion was given relatively greater wei-ght. There is currently no unified definition of vitality. The WHO recommends assessing vitality based on nutritional status.As we age, physiological changes associated with aging can have adverse effects on nutritional status.Sensory impairments such as a decrease in taste and/or smell may lead to a decrease in appetite;Poor oral hygiene and dental problems can lead to difficulty chewing, gum inflammation, and a poor-quality, monotonous diet;The gradual decline in vision and hearing, as well as the effects of osteoarthritis, can limit the activities of older adults and affect their ability to purchase food and prepare meals.All of the above can lead to poor nutritional status in older adults.In addition to these physiological changes, aging may also be associated with profound sociopsychological and environmental changes, such as social isolation, loneliness, depression, and financial constraints, which may also have a significant impact on diet, increasing the risk of malnutrition among older adults.Malnutrition is also associated with cognitive decline, weakening older adults' ability to care for themselves and increasing their risk of becoming dependent on care.The primary measurement indicator for the vitality dimension in this study was BMI. The WHO defines the threshold for underweight as BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. In this study, 604 elderly individuals were malnourished, accounting for 7.1% of the total, which may have resulted in a relatively low weighting. Weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with falls as the outcome indicator As people age, their physical structure and functions change, limiting their ability to move around and increasing the risk of falls, which can cause varying degrees of damage to their physical and mental health and reduce their quality of life.According to data from China's disease surveillance system, falls have become the leading cause of injury-related deaths and traumatic fractures among elderly people aged 65 and above in China.The study calculated the composite index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights using falls as the outcome indicator. It found that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the weight value of the motor dimension was the highest, followed by vision. The lowest weight value was hearing in the sensory dimension. Falls among older adults are influenced by multiple factors, and the frequency of falls increases with age. Studies have shown[ 18 ] that decreased balance and gait are the main intrinsic risk factors for falls among older adults.Balance refers to the ability of older adults to maintain their normal posture and automatically adjust their posture when it changes, which is also important for maintaining normal gait.Gait refers to the posture and movement patterns of the human body when walking. The formation and maintenance of normal gait depends on the coordinated cooperation of multiple systems in the lower limbs and body.As individuals progress through their life cycle, older adults experience a decline in physiological reserve function, leg muscle strength, and muscle mass, which can lead to a decline in motor function.This study used the WHO-recommended Simple Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to assess balance, walking speed, and lower limb muscle function in older adults.The results of this study show that 81%, 66.6%, and 32% of elderly people have problems with maintaining balance when standing on their front and back feet, decreased walking speed, and decreased lower limb muscle function, respectively.This study indirectly confirms that balance ability and gait are the main causes of falls in the elderly.Therefore, emphasis should be placed on improving or enhancing the balance and gait stability of older adults in order to reduce the incidence of falls, alleviate the burden of care, and improve quality of life. Among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity with falls as the outcome indicator, visual function in the sensory dimension ranks second in terms of weight, following motor function, while hearing function ranks lowest.Aging is accompanied by changes in the anatomical structure of the eye, which can affect the transmission of visual signals in the central nervous system and lead to visual impairment.Multiple studies have shown[ 19 – 22 ] that visual impairment in older adults is associated with falls.Visual information can have a strong influence on balance control in motor function, thereby affecting the occurrence of falls. This suggests that in the area of intrinsic capacity, decreased motor ability and decreased vision are the main causes of falls in older adults. Measures to prevent falls in older adults should also include improving or enhancing their motor ability and vision.For elderly people who are simply hard of hearing, their environmental awareness and spatial orientation abilities may be reduced, but their balance is not impaired, so they are less likely to fall.With the improvement of China's economic and medical standards and residents' health awareness, elderly people with hearing loss can improve their quality of life by wearing hearing aids and other assistive devices, so the weighting of hearing is relatively low.It is worth noting that the combined effects of physiological decline and comorbidities make the elderly more susceptible to decreased immunity, further increasing the risk of hospitalization. Aging is often accompanied by a decline in visual function.As we age, the deterioration of eye function can manifest as a decline in the ability to focus and clouding of the lens, leading to presbyopia and cataracts.All of these changes can cause vision loss, and if not treated promptly, they can have a significant impact on the daily lives of older adults, but are less likely to result in hospitalization.With the improvement of healthcare standards and people's health awareness in China, community hospitals offering family doctor contract services can conduct regular physical examinations for elderly community members while improving health record management and chronic disease management.Timely diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment are highly effective in alleviating vision impairment. The widespread use of reading glasses and the maturity of cataract surgery techniques can significantly reduce the adverse effects of vision loss in the elderly.Therefore, among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, vision has the lowest weight in the outcome indicator of hospitalization. Weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with hospitalization as the outcome indicator According to the “2023 National Medical Security Development Statistics Bulletin” released by the National Medical Security Administration, the number of hospital admissions in medical institutions nationwide reached 301.873 million (301.873 million) in 2023, an increase of 55.011 million compared to the previous year, with the annual hospitalization rate of residents reaching 21.4% .Hospitalization leads to increased medical expenses, occupation of public health resources, increased family care burdens, and other issues, creating a multidimensional socioeconomic burden.This study calculated the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights based on hospitalization as the outcome indicator. It found that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the dimension of vitality had the highest weight, while the dimension of vision in the sensory dimension had the lowest weight. Nutrition is an important foundation for maintaining normal physiological metab-olism, growth, development, and health.The Chinese Expert Consensus on Nutr-itional Management for Elderly Patients (2024 Edition) points out[ 23 ] that mal-nutrition can lead to a 32% increase in the average number of hospitalizations per year among elderly people in China.A state of energy or nutrient deficien-cy caused by insufficient intake or utilization disorders, leading to malnutrition.As people age, physiological and psychological changes can lead to decreased appetite, reduced f-ood intake, and slowed metabolism, thereby increasing the ri-sk of malnutrition.A meta-analysis showed[ 24 ] that malnutrition significantly in-creases the risk of readmission within 30 days (RR = 1.73 [95%CI 1.10–2.72], p = 0.02, I²=56%) and the overall risk of readmission (RR = 1.33 [95%CI 1.16–1.52], p < 0.0001, I²=75%).Severe malnutrition can lead to a decline in immu-ne system function, significantly increasing the risk of infection. At the same ti-me, fat tissue in overweight and obese individuals releases inflammatory factor-s that trigger metabolic syndrome, which can also significantly incre-ase the ri-sk of hospitalization.Overweight/obesity is a multifactorial chronic metabolic di-sease that threatens health due to excessive body fat.Dong Jianxiu et al.[ 25 ] f-ound that compared to patients of normal weight, overweight (OR = 1.457, 95%CI:1.053–2.016, P = 0.023) and obese (OR = 1.514, 95% CI:1.021–2.246, P = 0.039) patients have a significantly increased risk of readmission wi-thin one year of discharge from the hospital. At the same time, overweight/ob-esity is closely associated with the onset of chronic diseases.Chen Jianfeng[ 26 ] included 3,127 elderly individuals aged 60 years in a study to inves-tigate the relationship between overweight/obesity and chronic diseases among community-dwelling elder-ly individuals. obesity, and chronic diseases among community-dwelling older adults. The results showed that compared with older adults of normal weight, t-hose in the overweight/obese group were more likely to have hypertension, fat-ty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes (P < 0.01). Addition-ally, the levels of hypertriglyceridemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the normalweig-ht group (P < 0.01).With the continuous development of the social economy, people's material living conditions have improved. Driven by comm-on factors such as lifestyle and dietary structure, the proportion of overweight and obese elderly people has risen significantly, leading to a noticeable increase in the pr-evalence of chronic non-communicable diseases.It is worth noting that the com-bined effects of physiological decline and comorbidities make the elderly more susceptible to decreased immunity, further increasing the risk of hospitalizatio-n. Relationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and disability This study shows that intrinsic capacity as a whole is significantly related to d-isability, which is consistent with the results of most studies.Stolz et al.[ 14 ] c-onducted a 21-year follow-up study of 754 elderly people aged 70 and above t-o assess the longitudinal trajectory of intrinsic capacity and explore its correlat-ion with disability. The results showed that for every 1-point decrease in intri-nsic capacity, the risk of disability increased by 7%.Beard et al.[ 4 ] showed tha-t intrinsic capacity is a predictor of disability (95% CI: 0.001–0.005).Yu et al.[ 27 ] included 3,736 elderly pe-ople in a 7-year longitudinal study, and the resu-lts showed that intrinsic capaci-ty could directly predict disability in the elderl-y (95% CI: 0.053–0.058).Current research shows that there is a close relations-hip between the intrinsic capacity of older adults and disability. Therefore, med-ical institutions should implement screening, assessment, and intervention meas-ures for older adults with declining intrinsic capacity at an early stage.The aim is to prevent or delay the onset of disability, reduce medical expenses, impro-ve the quality of life of older people, and promote healthy aging. This study shows that the intrinsic capacity index has a predictive value of 0.652 for disability in older adults. Early screening of intrinsic capacity in older adults can help assess and predict their future risk of disability, enabling timely and targeted interventions to be taken to protect their health and safety. Relationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and falls This study shows that intrinsic capacity as a whole is significantly related to f-alls, which is consistent with the results of most studies. CHARLES et al. [ 5 ]c-onducted a three-year follow-up study of a total of 662 patients residing in 28 nursing homes in Belgium to explore the predictive value of intrinsic capacit-y for adverse outcomes. The results showed that for each unit increase in the exercise dimension, the risk of falling decreased (HR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.79–0.96).Zhang Dandan et al.[ 28 ] followed up on 125 elderly inpatients for one year, to explore the correlation between the decline in intrinsic capacity and falls in th-e elderly. The results showed that the risk of falls increased with the increase in the decline in intrinsic capacity (OR = 2.425, 95% CI: 1.132 ~ 4.848, P = 0.016). This result suggests that intrinsic capacity as a comprehensive index has a certain predictive value for falls in the elderly.For older adults with multiple di-mensions of intrinsic capacity decline, appropriate fall prevention measures sh-ould be taken in a timely manner.LIU et al.[ 29 ] conducted a two-year continuous observational study of 2–12 elderly individuals aged 75 years or older. After adjusting for covariates, they found that physical ability (OR = 3.102, 95%CI: 1.40–66.845) and mental a-bility (OR = 2.708, 95%CI: 1.183–6.202) were closel-y associated with the occurrence of falls.The results of this study suggest that, in addition to enhancing the motor function of older adults, measures to prev-ent falls should also focus on their mental health.In terms of psychological fact-ors, 51.1% of elderly people who fell in this study had symptoms of depressi-on.Falls can lead to mobility limitations in older adults, which can decrease th-eir independence and subjective sense of well-being, potentially leading to anxi-ety and depression[ 30 ]. This study shows that the intrinsic capacity index has a predictive value of 0.611 for falls in older adults. Early screening of intrinsic capacity in older adults can help assess and predict their future risk of falling, enabling timely and targeted interventions to be taken to protect their health and safety. Relationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and hospitalization Currently, there is insufficient research on the predictive role of intrinsic capacity in hospitalization (i.e., inpatient treatment) as a negative health outcome. The field of research using intrinsic capacity to predict the future need for hospitalization treatment needs to be further expanded and deepened.The results of this study show that nutritional imbalance and mobility impairment are the main factors leading to hospitalization in older adults, and the intrinsic capacity composite index has a predictive value of 0.584 for hospitalization in older adults.Unlike other research findings, the results of YU et al.[ 6 ] showed that a decline in all dimensions of intrinsic capacity had no predictive value for hospitalization in older adults.The possible reason for the inconsistent research results is the difference in research tools.First, YU et al. used the ICOPE screening tool“weight loss and loss of appetite” to assess vitality. If the answer to either question was “yes,” it indicated malnutrition. This method can only identify the presence of malnutrition.This study used BMI to assess the nutritional status of older adults, identifying not only malnourished older adults (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) but also overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) individuals.Previous studies have shown that nutritional status is associated with hospitalization risk in a U-shaped relationship, meaning that malnutrition[ 24 ], overweight[ 25 ], and obesity[ 26 ] can all increase the risk of hospitalization, thereby causing differences in research results.Second, YU et al. used the five-chair stand test to assess the motor function of older adults, while this study used the WHO-recommended Simple Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to assess the motor function of older adults.The five-time chair stand test is one of the SPPB assessment indicators, which has relatively simple evaluation criteria. Therefore, this study found that the elderly participants had a significant decline in motor function.Decreased or complete loss of motor function can lead to adverse events such as falls and fractures, increasing the risk of hospitalization for the elderly.The results of this study suggest that the intrinsic capacity vitality dimension and the physical activity dimension have significant predictive value in hospital admissions among older adults. Primary health care institutions need to regard intrinsic capacity as a key warning sign, with the aim of effectively reducing the frequency of hospital admissions among older adults through early identification and intervention, thereby reducing the excessive consumption of medical resources.Enhancing attention to and assessment of the intrinsic capacity of older adults is an important part of optimizing resource allocation and promoting healthy aging strategies in primary health care systems. Conclusion This study used the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity proposed by the WHO as a framework to report the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity based on multiple adverse outcome indicators, and explored the correlation between each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index with disability, falls, and hospitalization.Among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, with disability, falls, and hospitalization as outcome indicators, the cognitive, motor, and vitality dimensions carry the greatest weight.The intrinsic strength composite index has a certain predictive value for disability, falls, and hospitalization.Intrinsic capacity begins to decline in middle age or even earlier, while ADL limitations are usually only observed when functional decline is significant. Falls and hospitalizations exacerbate the degree of disability in older adults.Early identification of intrinsic capacity decline helps to identify high-risk individuals for disability, falls, and hospitalization at an early stage.In the future, we can conduct a weight analysis of the various dimensions of the intrinsic capacity changes of elderly people in the community, and develop a more scientific and rigorous comprehensive evaluation system and standardized comprehensive index and weight coefficient for intrinsic capacity.Explore personalized intervention strategies to better address the challenges posed by aging. Abbreviations World Health Organization WHO Intrinsic Capacity IC ChinaHealth and Retirement Longitudinal Study CHARLS body mass index BMI Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-D Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study investigated deidentified data retrieved from the public database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and received ethics approval from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University. All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki). All individuals provided written informed consent before participating in the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Funding This study was supported by the Dependent Project of Digital Intelligent Healt-h Promotion Research Platform for Chronic Disease Management of Bengbu M-edical University: “Construction and Empirical Study of Exercise Intervention Strategies for Community-Based Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults Based on the CFIR Framework” (Project No. 12202402-1)、“Construction and Empirical R-esearch on the Construction and Empirical Research of Numerical Intelligent C-ommunity Geriatric Exercise for Health Promotion Model under Active Health Orientation Based on CFIR Framework” (Project No. 12202402-3)and “Corr-elation of Physical Activity Trajectories and Disease Progression in Subjective Cognitive Decline in Middle-aged and Elderly People in the Community” (Proj-ect No. 12202402-5). Author Contribution S.Y.Z. wrote the first draft of the manuscript and was involved in all aspects of the study. Y.Q.C.and W.J.G. contributed to the study design, data analysis, data interpretation. M.J.C. and M.Y.Z. were responsible for data cleaning and integration. L. Z. led the study conceptualization and was responsible for funding acquisition and project administration. All authors contributed to manuscript writing and reviewed and approved the final version for submission and publication. Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude to both the study participants and the CHARLS researchers. Data Availability The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) repository. The data are accessible upon application at [http://charls.pku.edu.cn](http:/charls.pku.edu.cn) .https://charls.pku.edu.cn/这一网址我再次验证过 Click to open the link, register and log in to download the data. References Xie B, Gou C, Wu Z. Analysis and Reflection on the Health Status of the Elderly Population in China: Based on the Data of the Sixth and Seventh Census. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":263841,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eROC curve analysis of the predictive value of the composite index of intrinsic capacity for incapacitation, falls, and hospitalization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"JPG.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7733905/v1/c0239286d04ffe8ff4f0a9bd.jpg"},{"id":97367134,"identity":"795ca427-12f5-4d7b-bd95-edc7ae26b62a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-03 16:16:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1777589,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7733905/v1/ca443114-c800-4c13-b5ea-df7e1e93aff0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index based on multiple adverse outcome indicators\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to data from the seventh national census[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], as of 2020, China's pop-ulation aged 60 and above was 260\u0026nbsp;million, accounting for 18.7% of the total population.China has entered a stage of deep aging, characterized by a large population base, rapid growth, and high aging rates[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].The large elderly populat-ion will place a serious burden on our country in terms of care.In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined \u0026ldquo;healthy aging\u0026rdquo; from the perspectiv-e of functional maintenance as the process of developing and maintaining the f-unctional abilities necessary for healthy living in older age[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].Intrinsic capacity (IC) is the core of functional performance and emphasizes the biological reser-ves and residual capacity of older adults. It includes five dimensions: cognitio-n, psychology, sensation, vitality, and movement[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].Enhancing and maintaining t-he intrinsic capacity of older adults is central to improving their functional pe-rformance and promoting healthy aging[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].Research shows that a decline in int-rinsic capacity is closely related to adverse health outcomes such as disability[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], falls[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], and hospitalization[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], so it is particularly important to pay attenti-on to the intrinsic capacity of older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e A reasonable scoring method can better reflect the functional level of older adults and enhance the comparability of different research results.Although the WHO has provided recommendations and guidelines for measuring IC from the perspective of screening and indepth assessment, the guidelines do not provide a clear scoring method. Domestic and international studies have not yet reached a consensus on the scoring method for IC, and the scoring method for IC is still in the exploratory stage.When calculating IC scores, how to convert each independent functional score into a standard intrinsic capacity composite index, and the weighting of different areas, still need further discussion[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].Scholars have proposed conducting research in the future on the relationship between intrinsic capacity scoring methods and important adverse outcomes[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].Therefore, based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study uses the CRITIC weighting method to explore the weights and composite index of each dimension of intrinsic capacity, while also testing the predictive value of the composite index of intrinsic capacity for disability, falls, and hospitalization, providing a basis for scoring intrinsic capacity and verifying the relationship between intrinsic capacity and a variety of important outcome indicators.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eStudy population\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a largescale longitudinal survey project led by the National School of Development at Peking Universityand implemented by the China Social Science Survey Center at Peking University.Based on the preliminary survey, CHARLS conducted a baseline survey in 2011 covering 150 county-level units and 28 provinces across mainland China, with an overall response rate of over 85%.Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020, covering seven major modules: basic information, family information, health status and function, healthcare and insurance, employment, retirement, and pensions, income, expenditure, and assets, and housing conditions, as well as detailed physical examinations and blood biomarker data.This comprehensive longitudinal dataset allows us to test the validity and predictive value of the concept of intrinsic capacity[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study used the 2015 CHARLS data as baseline information. A total of 20,968 respondents participated in the survey, and 8,647 elderly people aged 60 a-nd above had complete data related to intrinsic capacity.As of 2020, a total of 2,408 elderly individuals with complete follow-up data were retained.This stud-y was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (No. IRB00001052-11015)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], and all participants signed informed consent forms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eIntrinsic capacity assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study combines measurement methods from previous studies with existing information in the database to select the following methods for assessing intrinsic capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMotor\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor dimension includes three parts: gait speed, sit-to-stand test, and balance test. Each part is worth a maximum of 4 points, for a total of 12 points.This study defined scores\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;8 as decreased motor function[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVitality\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitality is related to human metabolic balance, but there is currently no unified definition.The vitality dimension in this study mainly measures body mass index (BMI), which is one of the core indicators of nutritional assessment commonly used in clinical practice.According to the Chinese adult weight classification standards, this study divided BMI into four groups: underweight (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;18.5 kg/m\u0026sup2;), normal weight (18.5 kg/m\u0026sup2; \u0026le; BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;24 kg/m\u0026sup2;), overweight (24 kg/m\u0026sup2; \u0026le; BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;28 kg/m\u0026sup2;), and obese (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 kg/m\u0026sup2;).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSensory\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sensory dimension was assessed using a self-report method, mainly including hearing and vision functions.Vision and hearing are assessed through the following questions: \u0026ldquo;How well can you see things in the distance? For example, can you recognize your friends across the street (including those wearing glasses)?\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;How is your hearing? (If you wear a hearing aid, how is your hearing when wearing it?)\u0026rdquo;Vision and hearing results were assessed using the Likert scale, with 1 point for poor and 5 points for excellent.This study defined a score of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;2 as a decline in visual and auditory function, while a score above 2 was considered normal visual and auditory function[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePsychological\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe psychological dimension mainly focuses on depression assessment, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).The Chinese version of this scale has been applied to elderly people in China, with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.815.Each item is scored from 0 to 4 points, with questions 5 and 8 scored in reverse, for a total of 30 points.A CES-D score of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;10 indicates symptoms of depression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCognition\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe cognitive dimension primarily includes time orientation (year, month, day, season), memory (repeating 10 words after hearing them; recalling these words after completing arithmetic problems), arithmetic ability (subtracting 7 from 100 continuously), and operational ability (imitating and drawing two overlapping pentagrams), with a total score of 31 points.Cognitive impairment was defined based on the educational level of the study subjects: illiterate\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;17 points, ele-mentary school level\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20 points, middle school level (including technical sec-ondary school)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;22 points, and college level (including junior college)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;23 p-oints[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] were classified as cognitive impairment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDisability\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe measurement of disability indicators in this study was mainly based on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale in CHARLS.Activities of daily living (ADL) are a general indicator of functional ability, assessed independently of the functional characteristics included in the intrinsic capacity structure, and include dressing, bathing, eating, getting in and out of bed, using the toilet, and controlling bowel and bladder functions.The difficulty level is assigned as follows: \u0026ldquo;No difficulty\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Some difficulty but able to complete\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Difficult and requires assistance to complete\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3,\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Completely unable to complete\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.\u0026rdquo;A total score of 6\u0026ndash;24 points, with a score of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7 points defined as disability[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFall\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA fall is defined as an accidental fall or slip on flat ground or low ground within the past two years, without loss of consciousness, excluding falls caused by serious physical illness or extreme circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHospitalization\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospitalization or readmission is defined as a patient visiting the emergency room or outpatient clinic for illness within the past year, with the doctor determining that hospitalization is necessary for treatment. Hospitalization for convalescence and health checkups are not included in readmission.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCovariates\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData on sociodemographic and medical covariates that may be related to intrinsic capacity and disability were selected and coded. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.The medical covariates included self-reported information on 14 diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSetting and encoding of control variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItems\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable coding information interpretation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSociodemographic variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;60-69years;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;70-79years;3\u0026thinsp;≧\u0026thinsp;80years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;male;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;female\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;married;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;unmarried༛3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;widowed;4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Divorced or separated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;illiterate;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;elementary school;3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Secondary schools (including junior colleges);4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;University (including post-secondary)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlace of residence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;urban;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;rural\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;non-smoker;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;smoker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;no alcohol;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;alcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyearly income\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;15 000;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15 000\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;30 000༛3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;30 000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-rated health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;bad ; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fair; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;good; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very good; 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;excellent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedical covariates\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChronic diseases\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0;2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1༛3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical methods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS 30.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.Normally distributed quantitative data are expressed as (xˉ\u0026plusmn;s), non-normally distributed quantitative data are expressed as M(IQR), and count data are described using frequency and percentage.The CRITIC weighting method is used to calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the impact of each dimension of intrinsic capacity on disability, falls, and hospitalization.Plot the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculate the area under the curve (AUC), and determine sensitivity and specificity based on the maximum Youden index.A P value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 is considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBasic Information and Impaired Intrinsic Capacity of Community Elderly\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe baseline study included 8,647 participants with an average age of (73.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.53) years. 41.6% were male, 76.1% had an education level of elementary school or below, 79.2% were married, 79.4% were rural residents, 43.8% had one or more chronic diseases, and 42.2% self-reported poor health. The intrinsic capacity of elderly people is generally impaired, with 6,626 cases (78.3%) of visual impairment, 6,193 cases (73.1%) of hearing impairment, 7,177 cases (84.8%) of cognitive impairment, 3,101 cases (36.6%) of depressive symptoms, 4,626 cases (54.6%) of motor function decline, underweight in 604 cases (7.1%), overweight in 2,669 cases (31.5%), and obesity in 1,159 cases (13.7%).See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpaired intrinsic capacity of the elderly in the community\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"15\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esensory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychological\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVitality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecategorization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003evision\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpair-ed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehearing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpaire-d\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ecognitive impairme-nt\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressi-ve sympto-ms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edecline in motor function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eunderweight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverwei-ght\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eobesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003echaracteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6626\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7177\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3101\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4626\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;604\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2669\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge (years, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2374\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2721\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1094\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e533\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u0026ndash;79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2698\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2558\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2899\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1316\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1086\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e452\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e≧\u0026thinsp;80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1554\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1813\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e650\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e248\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e489\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSex\u0026nbsp;(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2676\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2651\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2924\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1075\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1766\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e985\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e368\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3950\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4253\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2026\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2860\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1684\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e791\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eeducational level(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2612\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2405\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2514\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1882\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e501\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eelementary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2422\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2301\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2748\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1580\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e234\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e420\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary schools\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1447\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1360\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e732\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e533\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarital status(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5230\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4907\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5581\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2339\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3698\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e462\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2150\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e958\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eunmarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ewidowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e971\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1196\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e561\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e638\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e363\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDivorced 、 separated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e346\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e257\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlace of residence(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eurban\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1271\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e478\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e663\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e343\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003erural\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5366\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5027\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5906\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2623\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3707\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e536\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e816\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eyearly income(Chinese Yuan %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;15000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6329\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5917\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6885\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3030\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4319\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e587\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2503\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1092\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15000\u0026ndash;30000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;30000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esmoker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3833\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3594\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1776\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2638\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e372\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1480\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e605\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003enon-smoker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2599\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1325\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1988\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e554\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ealcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1829\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e815\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1310\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e750\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e281\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eno alcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4722\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4364\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5146\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3316\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1919\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChronic diseases(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2054\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2383\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e885\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2264\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2059\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2384\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e888\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2258\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2080\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2410\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1596\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e896\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e391\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-rated health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ebad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1797\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2029\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e692\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efair\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2353\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2467\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e906\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1898\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e969\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e371\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003egood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e821\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e576\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e379\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003every good\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e724\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e913\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e351\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e347\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eexcellent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e868\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e627\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e737\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e323\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e406\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCRITIC weighting method\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eComprehensive evaluation[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] refers to a special method that comprehensively considers multiple indicator systems, integrates multiple relevant indicators to analyze and evaluate the research object, and ultimately ranks them in order of superiority and inferiority.This study uses the CRITIC weighting method to determine the weights of each variable, thereby conducting a comprehensive quantitative assessment of IC in the elderly.As an objective weighting method, the core principle of the CRITIC weighting method lies in determining the weight values of indicators by comparing their intensity and conflict indicators.The contrast strength reflects the variability within the indicator, which is usually expressed by the standard deviation. The larger the standard deviation, the greater the fluctuation in the data within the indicator, and the greater the weight value.Conflict is reflected by the correlation coefficient. The higher the correlation coefficient, the lower the conflict, and thus the lower the weight.The comprehensive evaluation consists of the following three steps:①Perform dimensionless processing such as normalization or inversion on the raw data.② Calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity using the CRITIC weighting method.③ Calculate the IC composite index, multiply the dimensionless data by the corresponding weight value, and finally add up to obtain the intrinsic capacity composite index[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCalculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using disability as the outcome indicator.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStep 1: Dimensionless processing of indicators: Positive processing of cognitive abilities, motor skills, and sensory abilities.Psychological ability is a reverse indicator and is treated as such.BMI is a neutral indicator and cannot be directly normalized or inverse normalized.This study used the Z-score cutoff method to normalize BMI. First, the Z-score of the original BMI value was calculated, then the absolute Z-score value was taken, and finally reverse normalization was performed, resulting in data values ranging from [0,1].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStep 2: According to the CRITIC method analysis of the weights of each indic-ator, the weights of vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimensi-on, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 18.64%, 6.41%, 30.89%, 10.65%, 28.94%, and 4.46%, respectively. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStep 3: The dimensionless indicator data is multiplied by the corresponding weight, added up, and then multiplied by 100 to obtain a comprehensive intrinsic capacity index with a score range of 0-100.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCalculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using falls as the outcome indicator.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRepeat steps 1 and 3 above, and analyze the weights of each indicator using the CRITIC method. The weights for vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimension, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 21.01%, 7.40%, 15.44%, 10.98%, 34.89%, and 10.28%, respectively. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCalculation of the weights of the dimensions of intrinsic capacity and the composite index using hospitalization as the outcome indicator\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRepeat steps 1 and 3 above, and analyze the weights of each indicator using the CRITIC method. The weights for vision, hearing, cognitive dimension, psychological dimension, motor dimension, and vitality dimension are 9.31%, 9.58%, 17.03%, 16.92%, 18.86%, and 28.30%, respectively.See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity based on multiple adverse outcome indicators\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003evision\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehearing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychological\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVitality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edisability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.186419\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.064135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.308896\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.106505\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.289437\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.044608\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efall\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.210067\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.073991\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.154431\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.109773\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.348949\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.102789\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehospitalization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.093051\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.095801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.170341\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.169191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.188603\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.283017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and disability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with decreased physical function, depression, cognitive impairment, hearing and vision impairment, overweight, and obesity had an increased risk of disability (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).When age, gender, living environment, economic income, educational level, marital status, smoking and drinking habits, number of chronic diseases, and health status were adjusted for as confounding factors in the analysis, cognitive impairment, decreased motor ability, depression, hearing and vision impairment, overweight and obesity were independently associated with disability in older adults. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistic regression analysis of the relationship between elderly IC and disability, falls, and hospitalization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edisability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efall\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehospitalization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOR value(95%CI )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOR value(95%CI )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOR value(95%CI )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003evision\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.286(1.182\u0026ndash;1.399)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.116(1.017\u0026ndash;1.223)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.010(0.918\u0026ndash;1.110)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.844\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehearing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.345(1.232\u0026ndash;1.470)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.206(1.094\u0026ndash;1.329)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.063(0.962\u0026ndash;1.175)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.039(1.020\u0026ndash;1.058)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.022(1.005\u0026ndash;1.040)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.958(0.708\u0026ndash;1.296)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychological\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.910(0.899\u0026ndash;0.921)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.819(1.537\u0026ndash;2.152)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.779(0.650\u0026ndash;0.933)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMotor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.268(1.212\u0026ndash;1.326)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.095(1.043\u0026ndash;1.148)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.056(1.004\u0026ndash;1.110)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVitality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eunderweight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.799(0.585\u0026ndash;1.092)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.889(0.639\u0026ndash;1.237)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.484\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.348(0.981\u0026ndash;1.854)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.674(0.468\u0026ndash;0.936)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.765(0.543\u0026ndash;1.078)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.338(0.956\u0026ndash;1.873)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eobesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.497(0.345\u0026ndash;0.716)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.908(0.616\u0026ndash;1.340)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.628\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.035(0.711\u0026ndash;1.507)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and falls\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of the single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with decreased physical function, depression, cognitive impairment, and hearing and vision impairment had an increased risk of falling (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).After controlling for confounding factors, decreased physical function, visual impairment, cognitive impairment, depression, and hearing loss were independently associated with falls in older adults. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity dimensions and hospitalization\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of the single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older ad-ults with decreased physical function, depression, hearing loss, and overweight had an increased risk of hospitalization (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).After controlling for confou-nding factors, overweight, obesity, malnutrition, decreased physical function, an-d depression were independently associated with the risk of hospitalization amo-ng older adults. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe predictive impact of the intrinsic capacity composite index on disability, falls, and hospitalization among community-dwelling older adults\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study calculated the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity for 2,408 elderly people with complete follow-up information, using disability, falls, and h-ospitalization as dependent variables and the comprehensive index of intrinsic c-apacity as the independent variable, with the aim of understanding the predicti-ve and risk associations of the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity with multiple adverse health outcomes in elderly people.See Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The AUC of the intrinsic capacity composite index for disability in older adults was 0.652 [95% CI 0.6366 to 0.6672, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001], with a Yorden index, sensitivity, and sp-ecificity of 0.224, 61.0%, and 61.4%, respectively;The AUC for falls was 0.611 [95% CI 0.5916 to 0.6297, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001], with a Yorden index, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.169, 49.7%, and 67.2%, respectively;The AUC for hospitalization was 0.584 [95% CI 0.5650 to 0.6031, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001], with a Yodan index, sens-itivity, and specificity of 0.133, 43.0%, and 70.2%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWeighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study uses CHARLS data from 2015 and 2020. Based on the distribution of intrinsic capacity dummy variables, the Critic weight analysis method is used to calculate the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index.As an objective weighting method, the Critic weighting analysis method avoids subjective judgment and takes into account the impact of indicator variation and conflicts between indicators on the weighting of intrinsic capacity dimensions.In addition, the characteristics of interconnection and mutual influence between the various dimensions of intrinsic capacity are consistent with the scope of application of the Critic weighting analysis method.At the same time, intrinsic capacity, as a comprehensive evaluation indicator of health management for older adults, is closely related to the occurrence of disability, falls, and hospitalization.Therefore, this study calculated the weights and composite index of each dimension of intrinsic capacity using disability, falls, and hospitalization as outcome indicators to identify high-risk elderly populations and delay the onset of care dependency through personalized intervention measures, providing a theoretical and empirical basis for healthy aging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWeighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with disability as the outcome indicator\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith the acceleration of China's aging process, the number and proportion of people with disabilities continues to grow. Disability not only causes suffering to the elderly themselves, but also places a heavy burden on families and society.This study used disability as the outcome indicator and the Critic weighting method to calculate the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights. The results showed that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the cognitive dimension had the highest weight, while the vitality dimension had the lowest weight.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive ability refers to the ability to recognize and understand things, specif-ically including memory, calculation, understanding and thinking, judgment and reasoning, language expression, execution, and spatial orientation. When one o-r more of these abilities are impaired and affect daily life or social skills, it i-s considered a cognitive impairment[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].Cognitive decline has a critical impact on the daily functioning of older adults.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. included 1,677 elderly people a-ged 60 years and older in their study and followed them up for two years. Th-e results showed that good cognitive function at baseline red-uced the risk of disability, and that improving cognitive function over time helped to improve a-nd prevent disability in the elderly.Similarly, in a community-based longitudina-l study[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], key findings indicated that cognitive scores predicted subsequent d-isability in both dementia-free older adults and those with Alzheimer's disease.Cognitive function can affect older adults' memory, orientation, and ability to p-erform complex tasks, making it difficult for them to perform basic selfcare.O-ur brains begin to enter an initial stage of aging at the age of 25, but this st-age does not cause any significant symptoms.As we age, the secretion of neur-otransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine gradually decreases, leading to accelerated atrophy of the prefrontal cortex of the brain and causing variou-s problems such as memory loss and slow reactions.Furthermore, unlike other functions, cognitive decline is irreplaceable.Elderly people with reduced mobility can use assistive devices such as canes and wheelc-hairs as alternatives、Older adults with age-related vision impairments can improve their vision by wearin-g glasses or undergoing eye surgery、Elderly people with hearing loss can com-municate with others by wearing hearing aids.However, elderly people with co-gnitive impairment may fail to respond even when receiving assistance from o-thers, as they may not fully understand instructions or cooperate with care.In t-his study, 89.8% of elderly people with disabilities showed varying degrees of cognitive decline, so the cognitive dimen-sion was given relatively greater wei-ght.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is currently no unified definition of vitality. The WHO recommends assessing vitality based on nutritional status.As we age, physiological changes associated with aging can have adverse effects on nutritional status.Sensory impairments such as a decrease in taste and/or smell may lead to a decrease in appetite;Poor oral hygiene and dental problems can lead to difficulty chewing, gum inflammation, and a poor-quality, monotonous diet;The gradual decline in vision and hearing, as well as the effects of osteoarthritis, can limit the activities of older adults and affect their ability to purchase food and prepare meals.All of the above can lead to poor nutritional status in older adults.In addition to these physiological changes, aging may also be associated with profound sociopsychological and environmental changes, such as social isolation, loneliness, depression, and financial constraints, which may also have a significant impact on diet, increasing the risk of malnutrition among older adults.Malnutrition is also associated with cognitive decline, weakening older adults' ability to care for themselves and increasing their risk of becoming dependent on care.The primary measurement indicator for the vitality dimension in this study was BMI. The WHO defines the threshold for underweight as BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;18.5 kg/m2. In this study, 604 elderly individuals were malnourished, accounting for 7.1% of the total, which may have resulted in a relatively low weighting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWeighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with falls as the outcome indicator\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs people age, their physical structure and functions change, limiting their ability to move around and increasing the risk of falls, which can cause varying degrees of damage to their physical and mental health and reduce their quality of life.According to data from China's disease surveillance system, falls have become the leading cause of injury-related deaths and traumatic fractures among elderly people aged 65 and above in China.The study calculated the composite index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights using falls as the outcome indicator. It found that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the weight value of the motor dimension was the highest, followed by vision. The lowest weight value was hearing in the sensory dimension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalls among older adults are influenced by multiple factors, and the frequency of falls increases with age. Studies have shown[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] that decreased balance and gait are the main intrinsic risk factors for falls among older adults.Balance refers to the ability of older adults to maintain their normal posture and automatically adjust their posture when it changes, which is also important for maintaining normal gait.Gait refers to the posture and movement patterns of the human body when walking. The formation and maintenance of normal gait depends on the coordinated cooperation of multiple systems in the lower limbs and body.As individuals progress through their life cycle, older adults experience a decline in physiological reserve function, leg muscle strength, and muscle mass, which can lead to a decline in motor function.This study used the WHO-recommended Simple Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to assess balance, walking speed, and lower limb muscle function in older adults.The results of this study show that 81%, 66.6%, and 32% of elderly people have problems with maintaining balance when standing on their front and back feet, decreased walking speed, and decreased lower limb muscle function, respectively.This study indirectly confirms that balance ability and gait are the main causes of falls in the elderly.Therefore, emphasis should be placed on improving or enhancing the balance and gait stability of older adults in order to reduce the incidence of falls, alleviate the burden of care, and improve quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity with falls as the outcome indicator, visual function in the sensory dimension ranks second in terms of weight, following motor function, while hearing function ranks lowest.Aging is accompanied by changes in the anatomical structure of the eye, which can affect the transmission of visual signals in the central nervous system and lead to visual impairment.Multiple studies have shown[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20 CR21\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e] that visual impairment in older adults is associated with falls.Visual information can have a strong influence on balance control in motor function, thereby affecting the occurrence of falls. This suggests that in the area of intrinsic capacity, decreased motor ability and decreased vision are the main causes of falls in older adults. Measures to prevent falls in older adults should also include improving or enhancing their motor ability and vision.For elderly people who are simply hard of hearing, their environmental awareness and spatial orientation abilities may be reduced, but their balance is not impaired, so they are less likely to fall.With the improvement of China's economic and medical standards and residents' health awareness, elderly people with hearing loss can improve their quality of life by wearing hearing aids and other assistive devices, so the weighting of hearing is relatively low.It is worth noting that the combined effects of physiological decline and comorbidities make the elderly more susceptible to decreased immunity, further increasing the risk of hospitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAging is often accompanied by a decline in visual function.As we age, the deterioration of eye function can manifest as a decline in the ability to focus and clouding of the lens, leading to presbyopia and cataracts.All of these changes can cause vision loss, and if not treated promptly, they can have a significant impact on the daily lives of older adults, but are less likely to result in hospitalization.With the improvement of healthcare standards and people's health awareness in China, community hospitals offering family doctor contract services can conduct regular physical examinations for elderly community members while improving health record management and chronic disease management.Timely diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment are highly effective in alleviating vision impairment. The widespread use of reading glasses and the maturity of cataract surgery techniques can significantly reduce the adverse effects of vision loss in the elderly.Therefore, among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, vision has the lowest weight in the outcome indicator of hospitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWeighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity with hospitalization as the outcome indicator\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the \u0026ldquo;2023 National Medical Security Development Statistics Bulletin\u0026rdquo; released by the National Medical Security Administration, the number of hospital admissions in medical institutions nationwide reached 301.873\u0026nbsp;million (301.873\u0026nbsp;million) in 2023, an increase of 55.011\u0026nbsp;million compared to the previous year, with the annual hospitalization rate of residents reaching 21.4% .Hospitalization leads to increased medical expenses, occupation of public health resources, increased family care burdens, and other issues, creating a multidimensional socioeconomic burden.This study calculated the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and corresponding weights based on hospitalization as the outcome indicator. It found that among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, the dimension of vitality had the highest weight, while the dimension of vision in the sensory dimension had the lowest weight.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNutrition is an important foundation for maintaining normal physiological metab-olism, growth, development, and health.The Chinese Expert Consensus on Nutr-itional Management for Elderly Patients (2024 Edition) points out[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] that mal-nutrition can lead to a 32% increase in the average number of hospitalizations per year among elderly people in China.A state of energy or nutrient deficien-cy caused by insufficient intake or utilization disorders, leading to malnutrition.As people age, physiological and psychological changes can lead to decreased appetite, reduced f-ood intake, and slowed metabolism, thereby increasing the ri-sk of malnutrition.A meta-analysis showed[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] that malnutrition significantly in-creases the risk of readmission within 30 days (RR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.73 [95%CI 1.10\u0026ndash;2.72], p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02, I\u0026sup2;=56%) and the overall risk of readmission (RR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.33 [95%CI 1.16\u0026ndash;1.52], p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001, I\u0026sup2;=75%).Severe malnutrition can lead to a decline in immu-ne system function, significantly increasing the risk of infection. At the same ti-me, fat tissue in overweight and obese individuals releases inflammatory factor-s that trigger metabolic syndrome, which can also significantly incre-ase the ri-sk of hospitalization.Overweight/obesity is a multifactorial chronic metabolic di-sease that threatens health due to excessive body fat.Dong Jianxiu et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] f-ound that compared to patients of normal weight, overweight (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.457, 95%CI:1.053\u0026ndash;2.016, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023) and obese (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.514, 95% CI:1.021\u0026ndash;2.246, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.039) patients have a significantly increased risk of readmission wi-thin one year of discharge from the hospital. At the same time, overweight/ob-esity is closely associated with the onset of chronic diseases.Chen Jianfeng[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e] included 3,127 elderly individuals aged 60 years in a study to inves-tigate the relationship between overweight/obesity and chronic diseases among community-dwelling elder-ly individuals. obesity, and chronic diseases among community-dwelling older adults. The results showed that compared with older adults of normal weight, t-hose in the overweight/obese group were more likely to have hypertension, fat-ty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Addition-ally, the levels of hypertriglyceridemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the normalweig-ht group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).With the continuous development of the social economy, people's material living conditions have improved. Driven by comm-on factors such as lifestyle and dietary structure, the proportion of overweight and obese elderly people has risen significantly, leading to a noticeable increase in the pr-evalence of chronic non-communicable diseases.It is worth noting that the com-bined effects of physiological decline and comorbidities make the elderly more susceptible to decreased immunity, further increasing the risk of hospitalizatio-n.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and disability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study shows that intrinsic capacity as a whole is significantly related to d-isability, which is consistent with the results of most studies.Stolz et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] c-onducted a 21-year follow-up study of 754 elderly people aged 70 and above t-o assess the longitudinal trajectory of intrinsic capacity and explore its correlat-ion with disability. The results showed that for every 1-point decrease in intri-nsic capacity, the risk of disability increased by 7%.Beard et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] showed tha-t intrinsic capacity is a predictor of disability (95% CI: 0.001\u0026ndash;0.005).Yu et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e] included 3,736 elderly pe-ople in a 7-year longitudinal study, and the resu-lts showed that intrinsic capaci-ty could directly predict disability in the elderl-y (95% CI: 0.053\u0026ndash;0.058).Current research shows that there is a close relations-hip between the intrinsic capacity of older adults and disability. Therefore, med-ical institutions should implement screening, assessment, and intervention meas-ures for older adults with declining intrinsic capacity at an early stage.The aim is to prevent or delay the onset of disability, reduce medical expenses, impro-ve the quality of life of older people, and promote healthy aging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study shows that the intrinsic capacity index has a predictive value of 0.652 for disability in older adults. Early screening of intrinsic capacity in older adults can help assess and predict their future risk of disability, enabling timely and targeted interventions to be taken to protect their health and safety.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and falls\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study shows that intrinsic capacity as a whole is significantly related to f-alls, which is consistent with the results of most studies. CHARLES et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]c-onducted a three-year follow-up study of a total of 662 patients residing in 28 nursing homes in Belgium to explore the predictive value of intrinsic capacit-y for adverse outcomes. The results showed that for each unit increase in the exercise dimension, the risk of falling decreased (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.87, 95%CI 0.79\u0026ndash;0.96).Zhang Dandan et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] followed up on 125 elderly inpatients for one year, to explore the correlation between the decline in intrinsic capacity and falls in th-e elderly. The results showed that the risk of falls increased with the increase in the decline in intrinsic capacity (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.425, 95% CI: 1.132\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;4.848, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016). This result suggests that intrinsic capacity as a comprehensive index has a certain predictive value for falls in the elderly.For older adults with multiple di-mensions of intrinsic capacity decline, appropriate fall prevention measures sh-ould be taken in a timely manner.LIU et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] conducted a two-year continuous observational study of 2\u0026ndash;12 elderly individuals aged 75 years or older. After adjusting for covariates, they found that physical ability (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.102, 95%CI: 1.40\u0026ndash;66.845) and mental a-bility (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.708, 95%CI: 1.183\u0026ndash;6.202) were closel-y associated with the occurrence of falls.The results of this study suggest that, in addition to enhancing the motor function of older adults, measures to prev-ent falls should also focus on their mental health.In terms of psychological fact-ors, 51.1% of elderly people who fell in this study had symptoms of depressi-on.Falls can lead to mobility limitations in older adults, which can decrease th-eir independence and subjective sense of well-being, potentially leading to anxi-ety and depression[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study shows that the intrinsic capacity index has a predictive value of 0.611 for falls in older adults. Early screening of intrinsic capacity in older adults can help assess and predict their future risk of falling, enabling timely and targeted interventions to be taken to protect their health and safety.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelationship between intrinsic capacity composite index and hospitalization\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrently, there is insufficient research on the predictive role of intrinsic capacity in hospitalization (i.e., inpatient treatment) as a negative health outcome. The field of research using intrinsic capacity to predict the future need for hospitalization treatment needs to be further expanded and deepened.The results of this study show that nutritional imbalance and mobility impairment are the main factors leading to hospitalization in older adults, and the intrinsic capacity composite index has a predictive value of 0.584 for hospitalization in older adults.Unlike other research findings, the results of YU et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] showed that a decline in all dimensions of intrinsic capacity had no predictive value for hospitalization in older adults.The possible reason for the inconsistent research results is the difference in research tools.First, YU et al. used the ICOPE screening tool\u0026ldquo;weight loss and loss of appetite\u0026rdquo; to assess vitality. If the answer to either question was \u0026ldquo;yes,\u0026rdquo; it indicated malnutrition. This method can only identify the presence of malnutrition.This study used BMI to assess the nutritional status of older adults, identifying not only malnourished older adults (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;18.5 kg/m2) but also overweight (24 kg/m2\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;28 kg/m2) and obese (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 kg/m2) individuals.Previous studies have shown that nutritional status is associated with hospitalization risk in a U-shaped relationship, meaning that malnutrition[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], overweight[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], and obesity[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e] can all increase the risk of hospitalization, thereby causing differences in research results.Second, YU et al. used the five-chair stand test to assess the motor function of older adults, while this study used the WHO-recommended Simple Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to assess the motor function of older adults.The five-time chair stand test is one of the SPPB assessment indicators, which has relatively simple evaluation criteria. Therefore, this study found that the elderly participants had a significant decline in motor function.Decreased or complete loss of motor function can lead to adverse events such as falls and fractures, increasing the risk of hospitalization for the elderly.The results of this study suggest that the intrinsic capacity vitality dimension and the physical activity dimension have significant predictive value in hospital admissions among older adults. Primary health care institutions need to regard intrinsic capacity as a key warning sign, with the aim of effectively reducing the frequency of hospital admissions among older adults through early identification and intervention, thereby reducing the excessive consumption of medical resources.Enhancing attention to and assessment of the intrinsic capacity of older adults is an important part of optimizing resource allocation and promoting healthy aging strategies in primary health care systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study used the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity proposed by the WHO as a framework to report the weights of each dimension of intrinsic capacity based on multiple adverse outcome indicators, and explored the correlation between each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index with disability, falls, and hospitalization.Among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, with disability, falls, and hospitalization as outcome indicators, the cognitive, motor, and vitality dimensions carry the greatest weight.The intrinsic strength composite index has a certain predictive value for disability, falls, and hospitalization.Intrinsic capacity begins to decline in middle age or even earlier, while ADL limitations are usually only observed when functional decline is significant. Falls and hospitalizations exacerbate the degree of disability in older adults.Early identification of intrinsic capacity decline helps to identify high-risk individuals for disability, falls, and hospitalization at an early stage.In the future, we can conduct a weight analysis of the various dimensions of the intrinsic capacity changes of elderly people in the community, and develop a more scientific and rigorous comprehensive evaluation system and standardized comprehensive index and weight coefficient for intrinsic capacity.Explore personalized intervention strategies to better address the challenges posed by aging.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWorld Health Organization\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIntrinsic Capacity\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eChinaHealth and Retirement Longitudinal Study\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCHARLS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ebody mass index\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCES-D\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eActivities of Daily Living\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(ADL)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e This study investigated deidentified data retrieved from the public database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and received ethics approval from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University. All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki). All individuals provided written informed consent before participating in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by the Dependent Project of Digital Intelligent Healt-h Promotion Research Platform for Chronic Disease Management of Bengbu M-edical University: \u0026ldquo;Construction and Empirical Study of Exercise Intervention Strategies for Community-Based Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults Based on the CFIR Framework\u0026rdquo; (Project No. 12202402-1)、\u0026ldquo;Construction and Empirical R-esearch on the Construction and Empirical Research of Numerical Intelligent C-ommunity Geriatric Exercise for Health Promotion Model under Active Health Orientation Based on CFIR Framework\u0026rdquo; (Project No. 12202402-3)and \u0026ldquo;Corr-elation of Physical Activity Trajectories and Disease Progression in Subjective Cognitive Decline in Middle-aged and Elderly People in the Community\u0026rdquo; (Proj-ect No. 12202402-5).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eS.Y.Z. wrote the first draft of the manuscript and was involved in all aspects of the study. Y.Q.C.and W.J.G. contributed to the study design, data analysis, data interpretation. M.J.C. and M.Y.Z. were responsible for data cleaning and integration. L. Z. led the study conceptualization and was responsible for funding acquisition and project administration. All authors contributed to manuscript writing and reviewed and approved the final version for submission and publication.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our gratitude to both the study participants and the CHARLS researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) repository. The data are accessible upon application at [http://charls.pku.edu.cn](http:/charls.pku.edu.cn) .https://charls.pku.edu.cn/这一网址我再次验证过 Click to open the link, register and log in to download the data.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXie B, Gou C, Wu Z. Analysis and Reflection on the Health Status of the Elderly Population in China: Based on the Data of the Sixth and Seventh Census. Chin Prim Health Care. 2023;37:38\u0026ndash;43. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-568X.2023.05.0010\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-568X.2023.05.0010\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJiang Y, Hao F, Xie Q, Zhang J, Guo A. Research progress of the measurement tools of intrinsic capacity in the elderly. 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Chin Nurs Res. 2024;38:2885\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2024.16.013\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2024.16.013\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Community nursing care, Intrinsic capacity, Disability, Falls, Hospitalization, Weighting, CRITIC weighting method","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7733905/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7733905/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe global aging trend is severe. In 2015, the World Health Organization redefined healthy aging by introducing the concept of functional capacity. This study aims to explore the weighting of each dimension of functional capacity and its composite index, and to examine the predictive value of the functional capacity composite index for multiple adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing data from the 2015 (baseline) and 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we analyze intrinsic capacity, disability, falls, and hospitalization.Use the Critic weighting method to calculate the comprehensive index of intrinsic capacity and related weights.The predictive ability of the intrinsic capacity composite index for disability, falls, and hospitalization was demonstrated by calculating the ROC curve.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 8,647 elderly people included in the baseline study showed relatively severe impairment in their motor and cognitive dimensions. Among the five dimensions of intrinsic capacity, which are measured by adverse health outcomes such as disability, falls, and hospitalization, cognition, mobility, and vitality are weighted most heavily.The intrinsic capacity composite index of the 5,216 elderly people followed up can independently predict disability, falls, and hospitalization in the elderly, with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.652, 0.611, and 0.584, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study longitudinally examines the predictive impact of the intrinsic capacity composite index on disability, falls, and hospitalization, actively responding to the trend of healthy aging.The cognitive, motor, and vitality dimensions of intrinsic capacity are emphasized. Decline in intrinsic capacity is an independent predictor of disability, falls, and hospitalization in older adults.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of the weighting of each dimension of intrinsic capacity and the composite index based on multiple adverse outcome indicators","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-01 11:00:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7733905/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-08T12:08:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"83977499731913502709982522000342013742","date":"2025-11-30T06:38:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T14:04:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T10:54:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-03T08:38:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-03T08:38:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2025-09-28T11:03:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8e950cad-637c-44e3-b6d1-638fa4fe0c38","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T11:00:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-01 11:00:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7733905","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7733905","identity":"rs-7733905","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}