Design and Implementation of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna for 6G THz Systems

Design and Implementation of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna for 6G THz Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and Implementation of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna for 6G THz Systems Amin Al Ka'bi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590414/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Numerical optimization of antenna characteristics is an efficient tool to obtain optimal antenna designs with lower sizes, higher gains and wider bandwidths. This paper presents a design and implementation of an antenna prototype based on numerical investigation and optimization of a two-element MIMO antenna model that provides these features. The proposed model has two square fractal metamaterial patches with dimensions of 130 × 65 µm 2 , and it operates in the THz frequency band. The antenna dimensions are all optimized to provide the optimal characteristics in terms of gain, bandwidth and scattering parameters. In this article, the proposed design is examined from several perspectives, for example, the performance of the MIMO antenna model and the single-element antenna model are analyzed and compared. It is found that the proposed model provides an output gain of 11.1 dBi and a two frequency bands with bandwidths of 18.1 THz and 21.2 THz, with an expansion of 114% and 57% respectively. This design has a gain of 5.18 dBi and measures 130 × 65 µm 2 . A comparative analysis is conducted between the two-element fractal MIMO design, the O-shaped single element antenna model, with other designs introduced in the literature. The proposed antenna design has high gain, wide operating bandwidths which are essential requirements of 6G mobile communication technology. Antenna Design Mobile communications 6G fractal antenna THz Wireless Systems Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4590414","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":319744687,"identity":"7e350b33-e6c8-4076-932e-1a13792c167b","order_by":0,"name":"Amin Al Ka'bi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNgZmBgMbMFOCgSGBaC1pJGthOEyCFv4GtsTPBQXn5Q0OMB+8zcOQlthASIvEAbbD0jMMbhtuOMCWbM3DkENYC8MB9gZpHoPbjBsO8JhJ8zBU5BLUIn+Avfk3j8E5+w0H+L8Rp8XgANsxoC0HEoG2sAG15BDWYniYLc16hkFy8szDbMaWcwzS6glqkTveZny74I+dbd/x5oc33lQkGxPSwQCKFCSGAWENo2AUjIJRMAqIAABypjbEpcG0LgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Kuwait University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amin","middleName":"Al","lastName":"Ka'bi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-16 16:11:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590414/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590414/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103890587,"identity":"def1d5a4-c0ef-406c-8330-6cce88e6f80a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-04 07:58:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":728230,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4590414/v1_covered_71eeb911-2bc0-4fef-b6e1-482e1acbc54b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design and Implementation of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna for 6G THz Systems","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Antenna Design, Mobile communications, 6G, fractal antenna, THz, Wireless Systems","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590414/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590414/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNumerical optimization of antenna characteristics is an efficient tool to obtain optimal antenna designs with lower sizes, higher gains and wider bandwidths. This paper presents a design and implementation of an antenna prototype based on numerical investigation and optimization of a two-element MIMO antenna model that provides these features. The proposed model has two square fractal metamaterial patches with dimensions of 130 × 65 µm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, and it operates in the THz frequency band. The antenna dimensions are all optimized to provide the optimal characteristics in terms of gain, bandwidth and scattering parameters. In this article, the proposed design is examined from several perspectives, for example, the performance of the MIMO antenna model and the single-element antenna model are analyzed and compared. It is found that the proposed model provides an output gain of 11.1 dBi and a two frequency bands with bandwidths of 18.1 THz and 21.2 THz, with an expansion of 114% and 57% respectively. This design has a gain of 5.18 dBi and measures 130 × 65 µm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. A comparative analysis is conducted between the two-element fractal MIMO design, the O-shaped single element antenna model, with other designs introduced in the literature. 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