Improving essential oil yield and compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria in intercropping system

Improving essential oil yield and compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria in intercropping system | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Improving essential oil yield and compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria in intercropping system Atefeh Ebrahimi, Rouhollah Amini, Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A two-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer treatments on growth characteristics, essential oil (EO) yield and compositions of basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in intercropping with fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum - graecum L.). A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2021 and 2022. The first factor was cropping pattern including sole cropping of basil and fenugreek, strip intercropping of basil (B)-fenugreek (F) with replacement method in the ratios of 2B:2F, 4B:2F, 5B:3F and an additive intercropping of 100% basil + 50% of fenugreek (100B:50F). The second factor was fertilizer at three levels including application of 100% chemical fertilizer (100% CF), 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (50% CF + Bio) and biofertilizer (Bio). The greatest basil height was observed in 2B:2F cropping pattern and 50% CF + Bio treatment (50.39 cm). The greatest yield of dry herbage was observed in 5B:3B cropping pattern with 100% CF and 50% CF + Bio treatments. The greatest yields of EO were observed in sole basil and 2B:2F intercropping (0.87 g m − 2 ), in 50% CF + Bio treatment. Methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole, were the main chemical constitutes of EO. The contents of major components of EO were affected differently by cropping pattern and fertilizer. The greatest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%), was observed in 2B:2F and Bio fertilizer treatment. At all treatments, the land equivalence ratios (LER) were more than 1.0 and the highest value (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50% CF + Bio treatment. Application of 50% CF + Bio fertilizer treatment in 2B:2F intercropping, improved the productivity of basil-fenugreek intercropping, enhanced the EO compositions and could be used in sustainable production of basil. Biological sciences/Biological techniques Biological sciences/Biotechnology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Biological sciences/Plant sciences Additive intercropping Biofertilizer Basil Essential oil (EO) Land equivalent ratio Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) is an essential oil-containing medicinal plant in family of Lamiaceae in sub-tropical and tropical climates 1 . The EO of basil is a component of dental products, oral health, and food industry 2 . Due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, it is frequently used in traditional medicine 3 . It is also could be used as industrial purposes (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and perfumery) and additive species, which could be related to its richness in flavonoids, phenols and essential oils 4 . Modern agriculture is based on monocropping that lead to unsustainability, causes increases in pests and diseases pressure and reduction in nutrients availability in the soil 5,6 . Intercropping is a strategy that improve the productivity of the field by growing the different crops in a same time through increasing the resources use efficiency 7 . When the medicinal plants and spices, intercropped with main crops, they can reduce the pest density and population, because of aromatic and volatile materials which released in the field 8,9,10 . The demand for medicinal and aromatic plants is increasing all over the world, because they play an important role in the economic and ecological ambits of rural communities 11 . Intercropping is a strategy to improve crop productivity against time and place, by increasing the resources use efficiency, managing weeds, diseases and pests, and reduction in soil erosion 12 . Using legume crops in intercropping is an effective strategy to supply nitrogen requirement for companion crop 10,13 in intercropping system of medicinal plants, improve the yield and quality in cropping system 14,15,16 . In previous studies observed that medicinal plants intercropping with legume crops, improved the EO yield and compositions 7,9,10,17,18 . In sustainable agriculture, using micro-organisms as an inoculum has an important role in nutrients cycle and decrease in application of chemical fertilizers because of their negative effects on agroecosystems 7,19 . One of the most prevalent biofertilizers is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which improve the root distribution in soil and increase total effective surface of the roots 7,20 . In cereals, sesame and sunflower, Azotobacter has been used as a biofertilizer. It has been reported that Azotobacter produces indole acetic acid and gibberellins and also increases N 2 fixation 10,21 . Increasing the plant development, growth and yield, also have been observed in inoculation of Azospirillum by improving N 2 status of the plant through N 2 fixation and synthesis of auxin 22 . Using biofertilizers cause to achieve safe and high-quality products without detrimental effects on environment and human health 16,23 . In Moldavian balm, using biofertilizer increased the EO and yield 24,25 , and also improved the geranyl acetate and geraniol contents 24 . Long-term application of chemical fertilizers increases crop yield, but disturbs the ecological balance of soil, increases water pollution and decreases the population of soil micro-organism 7,26 . Also, in medicinal plants, demand for organic and safe products has increased because of health consideration 7 . Among the biofertilizers available in Iran, Biopharm biofertilizer is noteworthy, which contains both Azospirillum and Azotobacter 7 . Combined application of biofertilizers, especially these bacteria along with mycorrhizal fungi species, could effectively increase the growth characteristics and EO yield of basil. Since there is limited information about the intercropping of basil with fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum - graecum L.) in Iran, so this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intercropping and biofertilizers on EO yield and composition of basil and advantage of intercropping by land equivalent ratio (LER). Results Plant height. The basil height was affected significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of year × cropping pattern, year × fertilizer and cropping pattern × fertilizer (Table 1). The mean comparison for interaction of year × fertilizer (Table 2) showed that in both years the greatest plant heights were observed in 50% CF+ Bio fertilizer. In 2021, the plant height in 50% CF + Bio treatment, enhanced by 17.7% in comparison with 100% CF, while this increase was 11.8% in 2022. At all fertilizer treatments, the plant heights in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021 (Table 2). The results for effect of year × cropping pattern (Table 3) showed that in both years the greatest plant heights were observed in 2B:2F cropping pattern. In 2021, the plant height in 2B:2F cropping pattern, increased by 23.4% compared with basil sole cropping, while in 2022, this increase was 17.6%. At sole basil and intercrops, the plant heights in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021 (Table 3). The interaction effect of cropping pattern × fertilizer on plant height (Fig. 1) indicated that at 2B:2F, 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping pattern, the plant heights increased compared with sole basil and the highest plants were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping. At all cropping patterns the 50% CF+ Bio treatment had the greatest plant highest. Table 1. Analysis of variance for effect of cropping pattern and fertilizer treatment on growth traits, EO content and yield of basil. Source of variation df Plant height Dry herbage yield EO content EO yield Year (Y) 1 ** ** ** ** Block × Y 4 ** ** ** ** Cropping pattern (C) 4 ** ** ** ** Y × C 4 ** ** ** ns Fertilizer (F) 2 ** ** ** ** Y × F 2 ** ** ns ns C × F 8 ** ** ** ** Y × C × F 8 ns ns ns ns CV (%) 13.2 16.7 1.65 11. 6 ns, * and **: non -significant and significant at P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively Table 2. Mean comparison for interaction of year × fertilizer treatment on plant height and dry herbage yield of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Year Fertilizer treatment Plant height (cm) Dry herbage yield (g m -2 ) 100% CF 40.41 c 100.2 b 2021 50% CF + Bio 47.55 a 104.1 a Bio 42.32 b 104.9 a 100% CF 34.35 e 96.13 d 2022 50% CF + Bio 38.42 c 99.62 bc Bio 35.97 d 98.87 c Table 3. Mean comparison for interaction of year × cropping pattern on plant height, dry herbage yield and EO content of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Year Cropping pattern Plant height (cm) Dry herbage yield (g m -2 ) EO content Sole cropping 2B:2F 40.32 e 49.75 a 136.1 a 83.77 g 0.60 f 0.95 a 2021 4B:2F 45.61 b 96.71 e 0.78 c 5B:3F 41.83 d 102.8 c 0.67 e Additive (100B:50F) 39.62 f 95.96 e 0.78 c Sole cropping 2B:2F 34.27 i 127.7 b 0.56 h 40.29 c 80.27 h 0.86 b 4B:2F 38.77 g 92.79 f 0.70 d 2022 5B:3F 35.56 h 98.91 d 0.58 g Additive (100B:50F) 33.68 j 91.38 f 0.70 d Dry herbage yield. Dry herbage yield of basil was affected significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of year × cropping pattern, year × fertilizer and cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment (Table 1). The mean comparison for interaction of year × fertilizer treatment (Table 2) showed that the greatest herbage yields were obtained in 2021, 50% CF+ Bio and Bio fertilizer treatments and the lowest one in 2022, 100% CF treatment. The dry herbage yields in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021. The results for interaction of year × cropping pattern (Table 3) showed that in both years the greatest dry herbage yields were observed sole cropping pattern and decreased in all intercropping patterns. The highest values for dry herbage yield were obtained in 5B:3F cropping pattern and decreased by 24.5 and 22.5 % compared with basil sole cropping, in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The interaction of fertilizer treatment × cropping pattern on herbage yield (Fig. 2) indicated that the dry herbage yields at all intercropping patterns, reduced in comparison with sole basil and the highest values were obtained in 5B:3F intercropping. In sole cropping, 2B:2F and 5B:3F cropping patterns, the dry herbage yields were not significantly different in 100% CF and 50% CF+ Bio fertilizer treatments, while in 4B:2F and 100B: 50F cropping patterns, the dry herbage yields were not significantly different in all fertilizer treatments (Fig. 2). Table 4. Mean comparison for effect of year on EO content (%) yield of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Year EO content (%) EO yield (g m -2 ) 2021 0.75 a 0.76 a 2022 0.68 b 0.65 b EO content (%). The results of ANOVA indicated that the EO content was affected significantly by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer (Table 1). The means comparison indicated that the greatest EO content (1.06%) was obtained in 2B:2F with application of 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment (Fig. 3). At 2B:2F cropping pattern, in all fertilizer treatments, the EO contents increased compared with those in sole cropping. Also, at 4B:2F and 5b:3F cropping patterns, the highest EO contents were observed in 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment. Results for interaction effect of year × cropping pattern on basil EO content (Table 3) indicated that in both years, the greatest EO contents were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping pattern. Also, at all intercrops and sole basil, the EO contents in 2021 were higher than those in 2022. EO yield. The results of ANOVA indicated that the EO yield was affected significantly by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer treatment and interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment (Table 1). The comparison of means (Fig. 4) indicated that the highest EO yield of bail (0.871 g m -2 ) was observed in sole basil. 2B:2F and 5B:3F had the highest (0.867 g m- 2 ) and lowest (0.811 g m -2 ) EO yield, respectively, among the intercropping patterns (Table 6). In 50%CF+Bio, the EO yield significantly enhanced (0.871 g m- 2 ) compared with those of 100% CF (0.779 g m- 2 ) and Bio (0.657 g m- 2 ) treatments (Fig 4). The basil EO yield of in 2021 (0.76 gm -2 ) was greater than that in 2022 (0.65 gm -2 ) (Table 4). EO composition. The compositions of basil EO was affected differently by intercropping pattern and fertilizer treatment. The EO of basil was consisted of 24 constitutes accounting for 97.4 - 98.4% of the total compositions (Table 5). Based on GC-MS analysis, the main components of the EO were methyl chavicol (31.5–53.7 %), methyl eugenol (19.8 - 30.4%), 1,8 cineole (4.2 – 10.3%), β-caryophyllene (3.5 - 4.8%), β-citral (2.2 - 6.9%), cis-α-bisabolene (2.1 – 4.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (0.9 – 3.8%). In sole basil, the highest content of methyl chavicol (50.6%) was obtained in 100% CF treatment, while, in in all intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl chavicol were obtained in 100% CF Bio treatment. In 2B:2F, 4B:2F, 5B:3F and 100b:50F intercropping patterns, the contents of methyl chavicol in Bio treatments increased by 12.1, 40.6, 27.1 and 23.4%, respectively, compared with those in 100% CF. The greatest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%) was observed in 2F:2B intercropping patterns and Bio fertilizer (Table 5). In sole cropping, 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl eugenol were observed in 50%CF+Bio treatment that increased by 42.0, 7.1, and 4.7 %, respectively, compared with 100% CF treatment. At 2B:2F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl eugenol were obtained in 100% CF treatment. In sole cropping, the highest content of 1,8-cineol (6.9%) was observed in 100%CF treatment, while in all intercropping patterns the 50%CF+Bio treatment had the highest contents. In sole cropping, 4B:2F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns, the greatest contents of β-caryophyllene were observed in 50%CF+Bio treatment, while in 2B:2F and 5B:3F patterns, the greatest contents of β-caryophyllene were obtained in Bio treatment (Table 5). Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). In both years, all fertilizer treatments and intercropping patterns, the values of LER T were higher than 1 (Table 6), which reveals the relative advantage of intercropping over sole basil. The highest values of LER T were obtained in 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment and 2B:2F intercropping pattern (1.99 and 1.93, for 2021 and 2022, respectively). Evaluating the partial LERs (Table 6) in both years for 2B:2F intercropping pattern indicated that increasing the LER B and LER F led to enhance in LER T . The lowest LER T values were obtained in additive (100B:50F) intercropping pattern. For all fertilizer treatments, the LER T values in 2B:2F and 4B:2F intercropping patterns in 2021 were higher than those in 2022, while the LER T values in 5B:3F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns in 2021 were lower. Compounds RI a Sole cropping 2B:2F 4B:2F 5B:3F Additive (100B:50F) 100%CF 50%CF +Bio Bio 100%CF 50%CF +Bio Bio 100%CF 50%CF +Bio Bio 100%CF 50%CF +Bio Bio 100% CF 50%CF +Bio Bio β-Pinene 919 0.8 - - - - - 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 2.9 0.6 0.6 - - 1,8-Cineole 953 6.9 6.8 5.5 4.5 4.7 4.3 8.1 9.4 4.2 9.2 10. 3 5.4 7.2 8.9 4.9 cis-Anethole 1106 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 Fenchol 1112 1.7 0.6 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 trans -Chrysanthemal 1124 0.4 0.8 0.9 - - - 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.7 0.9 - Rosefuran epoxide 1161 0.3 0.9 0.8 - - - 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.5 Methyl chavicol 1195 50.6 44.5 41.8 47.9 46.9 53.7 35.2 31.5 49.5 35.7 36.4 45.4 32.9 33.9 40.6 β -Citral 1241 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.9 5.2 5 3.4 3.4 3.5 5.5 6.8 6.9 Geraniol 1252 0.8 - 0.7 - - - 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 α-Cubebene 1344 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 1 0.9 β -Cubebene 1347 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 Methyl eugenol 1361 20.5 29.1 26.7 23.2 20.4 19.8 28.4 30.4 21.3 27.8 29.1 23.5 28.9 25.2 24.4 α -Copaene 1376 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 - - - 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 δ-Cadinene 1403 0.3 - 0.8 0.5 0.9 - 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 β-Caryophyllene 1419 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.8 3.7 3.9 3.6 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.9 β -Farnesene 1433 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.2 - 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 trans -β -Farnesene 1448 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 Germacrene D 1475 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 Nerolidol 1517 - 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.9 - 0.6 - 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 Cis -α-Bisabolene 1532 4.4 4.1 3.5 4.1 4.7 3.9 4.1 4.9 2.1 3.1 3.7 2.5 3.7 4.1 2.7 Caryophyllene oxide 1578 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1 0.9 3.8 3.1 1.4 α-Bisabolol 1674 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 1 - 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.9 Eicosane 2063 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 - 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 Octadecanoic acid 2164 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 - 0.8 0.2 - 0.2 0.7 Total identified (%) 97.9 98.2 97.5 98.2 97.2 98.1 97.9 97.4 98.1 98.1 98.4 98.3 97.9 98.3 97.8 Table 5. Proportion of basil EO compositions under different cropping patterns and fertilizer treatments . Table 6. Land equivalent ratio (LER T ) values at different intercropping patterns and fertilizer treatments in 2021 and 2022. LER F : partial LER of fenugreek, LER B : partial LER of basil, LER T : total LER. 2021 2022 Fertilizer Intercropping pattern LER F LER B LER T LER F LER B LER T 2B:2F 0.89 0.93 1.83 0.90 0.91 1.81 4B:2F 0.52 0.88 1.40 0.47 0.84 1.31 Bio 5B:3F 0.35 0.79 1.14 0.52 0.75 1.27 Additive (100B:50F) 0.26 0.88 1.14 0.36 0.86 1.22 2B:2F 1.01 0.98 1.99 0.93 1.00 1.93 4B:2F 0.56 0.96 1.52 0.51 0.96 1.47 50% CF+Bio 5B:3F 0.41 0.93 1.34 0.66 0.93 1.59 Additive (100B:50F) 0.27 0.95 1.22 0.35 0.95 1.30 100% CF 2B:2F 0.84 0.96 1.80 0.79 0.96 1.75 4B:2F 0.47 0.90 1.37 0.47 0.88 1.35 5B:3F 0.28 0.76 1.04 0.51 0.71 1.21 Additive (100B:50F) 0.20 0.88 1.08 0.29 0.86 1.15 Discussion Plant height. The plant height as a growth index, could be affected by the growth conditions, and increasing the basil height in 2021 could be due to higher precipitation than 2022. In 2B:2F intercropping, the bail height was higher than sole cropping, that may be attributed to higher light competition between plants in intercropping than to sole basil. The concentration of auxin may increase by shading obtained by fenugreek which in turn enhanced the basil height 7,10,27 . In additive (50:100) intercropping, the competition between component crops for main resources such as light, nutrients and water, reduced the plant growth and height. The fertilizer treatment of 50%CF + Bio had the greatest plant height at all cropping patterns. Increasing the length of internodes, leaf area and photosynthetic rate by improving the nitrogen availability, could increase the plant height 27 . Also, more competition for light by increasing the total density in additive intercropping (100B:50F), might be the reason for increasing the basil height. obtained 28 the similar results as the tomato plant height increased in intercropping with common bean. Also reported that the plant height of fenugreek (in intercropping with Moldavian balm) increased in 100% chemical fertilizer compared with biofertilizer and biofertilizer +50% chemical fertilizer treatments 7 . Dry herbage yield. In replacement intercropping patterns (2B:2F, 4B:2F and 5B:3F), the dry herbage yield of basil reduced in comparison with sole basil that could be explained by reduction in proportion of basil in intercropping patterns. In application of chemical fertilizer in intercropping of soybean-Moldavian balm 29 , observed that the Moldavian balm herbage yield decreased in intercropping patterns in comparison with sole crop. Also, in faba bean-Moldavian balm 9 and Moldavian balm-fenugreek 7,10 intercrops, observed that the herbage yield in intercropping patterns, reduced in comparison with sole medicinal crops. The basil dry herbage yield increased in 5B:3F intercropping compared with 2B:2F and 4B:2F patterns. Intercropping with fenugreek as a legume crop, could increase the nitrogen content in the soil through N 2 fixation mechanism which lead to improve in growth and yield of component crop 10,27 . The competition between basil and fenugreek for N acquisition, is anticipated to mitigate through mentioned nitrogen resource 30 . 100%CF and 50%CF + Bio treatments, had greater dry herbage yield than Bio treatment in sole cropping, 2B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, while the dry herbage yields in 100%CF and Bio treatments were not significantly different in 4B:2F and 100B:50F patterns. These findings are in contrast to those of soybean-dill 31 , soybean-black cumin 32 and Moldavian balm 29 intercropping which observed that the yields of medicinal crops in organic fertilizer treatment were higher than those in chemical fertilizer in sole and intercropping patterns. Also reported 10 that in 1:1 intercropping pattern of Moldavian balm-fenugreek, the dry herbage yield of Moldavian balm in biofertilizer treatment (arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi + bacteria), increased compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Chemical properties, cation exchange and water holding capacity of the soil improve with application of organic fertilizers which increase the basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) herbage yield 33 . Also, previous studies 24,25 indicated that the basil herbage yield increased with application of biofertilizer and organic manure. Using biofertilizers and organic manure, improved the herbage yield in basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) 34 . EO content (%) and yield. In medicinal plants, the EO content could be affected by environmental parameters such as light intensity and quality and water availability 35,36 the main limited resources that may cause competition between components crops in intercropping 7,10 . In faba bean-peppermint and soybean-peppermint intercropping, the 40:60 and 3:2 intercropping patterns had the highest EO contents of peppermint, respectively 37,38 . The basil EO content in 50% CF+ Bio treatment was higher than 100%CF and Bio treatments, while reported that the EO content of Moldavian balm in arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi+ bacteria treatment was higher than chemical fertilizer treatment 10 . In 50%CF+Bio treatment, improving the EO yield of basil may be attributed to increase in nutrient’s availability and acquisition. The previous studies on Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus vulgaris L. revealed that EO content was not affected by biofertilizer treatment 39 . In medicinal plants, the EOs are produced as secondary metabolites and their production is correlated with higher amounts of macro- and micronutrients, and photosynthetic efficiency 40 . The 50%CF+Bio treatment had higher EO yield than 100%CF and Bio treatments which may be due to improve in macronutrients availability such as nitrogen and phosphorus 10 , which in turn increased the basil EO yield. The highest EO yield of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) was obtained in a combined treatment of biofertilizer and 50% nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers 41 . In intercropping with faba bean, the EO yield of Moldavian balm in chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer treatments were greater than vermicompost treatment 9 . In this study, unsuitable soil conditions for applied mycorrhiza and bacteria (Myco-Root and Biofarm), could be the reason for reduction in basil EO yield in Bio and 50%CF+Bio treatments compared with 100%CF. Comparing the intercropping patterns revealed that the highest EO yield was obtained in 2B:2F that could be attributed to increase in basil EO content in this intercropping pattern compared to others. reported that in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping, the greatest EO yield of Moldavian balm was obtained in 4:2 intercropping pattern 10 . In previous studies on legume-medicinal plant intercropping, the highest EO yields were obtained in 2:1 soybean-dill intercropping 31 , 2:1 soybean-black cumin intercropping 32 and 1:2 soybean-Moldavian balm intercropping 29 . EO composition. In essential oil-bearing plants, the quality of EO in terms of type and number of constituents is so important and impact its characteristics, overall effectiveness and therapeutic benefits 10 . The GC-MS analysis of EO obtained from dry herbage of basil indicated that it contains 24 constituents (Table 7). The main constituents of EO were methyl chavicol (31.5–53.7%), methyl eugenol (19.8–30.4%), 1,8-cineole (4.2-10.3%), β-caryophyllene (3.5–4.8%), β-citral (2.2–6.9%), cis-α-bisabolene (2.1–4.9) and caryophylene oxide (0.9–3.8%). The greatest content of methyl chavicol was achieved in 2B:2F with Bio fertilizer treatment (Table 7), while the lowest content was obtained in 4B:2F whit 50%CF+Bio. observed 42 that in sole cropping of basil with chemical fertilizer of nitrogen the greatest methyl chavicol content was obtained. They stated that decrease in competition for nutrients acquisition in basil sole cropping and application of nitrogen chemical fertilizer, caused increase in content of methyl chavicol. The contents of bornil acetate, eucalyptol, linalool and eugenol in EO of basil affected by nitrogen fertilizer treatment 43 . Also, they stated that more nitrogen application, decreased the linalool content in EO and increased methyl chavicol content. The greatest contents of caryophyllene, geranial and citral were obtained in maize + 25% basil intercropping with no fertilizer 42 . It could be concluded that some factors such as competition for nutrient and light under intercropping system and nutrient deficiency may be underlined as factors that increase the synthesis of these compounds. Environmental factors such as drought and salinity stresses, and deficiencies of nutrients could affect the main compounds in EO 10,44 . Different amounts of nitrogen was found to affect significantly the main components of sweet basil EO, as the greatest content of bergamotene was obtained when the lowest amount of nitrogen was applied 45 . reported 9 that in intercropping patterns of faba bean-Moldavian balm, the geraniol contents in EO increased in biofertilizer and vermicompost treatments but the geranyl acetate content, increased in chemical fertilizer application. The greatest and lowest caryophyllene, menthol and germacrene-D were obtained in peppermint-soybean intercropping of and sole peppermint, respectively 37 . Also, in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping 10 , observed that in application of nitrogen fixing bacteria + mycorrhiza fungi, the contents of geranial in EO of Moldavian balm in intercrops of 100:50, 1:1 and 2:2, enhanced by 34.6, 25.1, and 15.5 % than sole crop. In medicinal plants, growth-promoting bacteria, are able to improve growth parameters, affect EO compositions through mechanisms of improving the nitrogen fixation, increase in available nitrogen, synthesis of growth stimulants such as gibberellin and auxin, and increasing the development and growth of root as well as improve in nutrients and water uptake 7,10.46,47 . Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). The advantage of the intercropping patterns was assessed by LER T valuesthatare in agreement with 48 , which stated that the interspecific facilitation is due to the supplementary use of limited resources by intercropping components. also reported 49 that a slight increase in LER greater than 0.5 depends on the degree of complementarity of intercropping components. reported that in grain legume-cereal intercrop, LER T demonstrated that in intercropping patterns, the growth resources were used more efficiently from 27 to 31%, than sole cropping 30 . The highest LER T (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50%CF+Bio that is in consistent with findings on intercropping of Moldavian balm-faba bean 9 . The lowest LER T (1.08) was observed in additive 100B:50F intercropping with 100%FC, while 7,10 reported that in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping, the highest LER value was obtained in additive 100:50 intercropping with application of chemical fertilizer. Probably, the reason for decrease in LER in additive 100B:50F intercropping is the lack of optimal density because it is an increase in interspecific competition between basil and fenugreek. In maize - common bean intercropping, the of LER T values with application of nitrogen fertilizer showed a variable result including increase or decrease 50 . Conclusions. The plant height, dry herbage yield, EO content and yield of basil were significantly influenced by interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment. The greatest plant height, EO content and yield were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with application of 50%CF+Bio treatment. The greatest dry herbage yield of basil was observed in 5B:3F intercropping pattern. The major chemical constitutes of basil EO (methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole) were influenced differently by cropping pattern and fertilizer treatment. The highest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%), was observed in 2B:2F and Bio fertilizer treatment, while the greatest content of methyl eugenol (30.4%) was obtained in 4B:2F intercropping pattern. In all fertilizer treatments and cropping patterns, the land equivalence ratios (LER T ) were obtained more than one that indicates balm-fenugreek intercropping has increased the production efficacy. The highest LER T value (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50% CF + Bio treatment. It means that this intercropping patterns with application of reduced rate of chemical fertilizer in combination with mycorrhiza fungi and growth promoting rhizobacteria, improved the yield of both crops in intercropping. On the other hand, the application of chemical fertilizer could be reduced by 50% through application of biofertilizers and intercropping. Using such environmentally-friendly strategies will improve the yield and quality of basil, reduces the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems and could be recommended to the growers of medicinal plant in a sustainable production system. Materials and Methods Experimental design and field operation. A two-season (2021-2022) experiment was conducted at the research field in west Azarbaijan, Iran (latitude 3901_N, longitude 4438_E, altitude 1850 m above sea level). The total precipitation and mean temperature for months of growth season in experimental site are presented in Table 7. The soil physicochemical properties at depth of 0-30 cm in experimental field is shown in Table 8. The experiments were arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor was cropping pattern including sole cropping of basil (B), sole cropping of fenugreek (F), intercropping patterns based on replacement method at ratios of 2 row of basil + 2 row of fenugreek (2B:2F), 4 rows of basil + 2 rows of fenugreek (4B:2F), and 5 rows of basil + 3 rows of fenugreek (5B:3F) and additive intercropping of basil + fenugreek (100B: 50F) (100% density of basil + 50% density of fenugreek planted between basil rows). The basil is the main crop, and the fenugreek is dominating crop. The second factor was fertilizer treatment at three levels including application of 100% chemical fertilizer (100% CF), 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (50% CF + Bio) and biofertilizer (Bio). 50 kg ha −1 urea and 80 kg ha −1 triple superphosphate (based on the soil test), applied at planting time as 100% CF. For biofertilizer (Bio) treatment, the combination of Myco-Root + Biofarm was used. Biofertilizer of Myco-Root contains 10 7 to 10 8 CFU/g arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) of Glomus etunicatum , Glomus intraradices , and Glomus mosseae produced by Zist Fanavar Pishtaz Varian Company, Karaj, Iran. For bacteria inoculation, the Biofarm was used which contains 2 × 10 7 CFU/g Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense by Nature Biotechnology Company (Biorun) Karaj, Iran. 1 kg of basil and fenugreek seeds were placed on a clean surface in the shade, and after spraying some water on them, 40 g of Myco-Root (AMF) and 40 mL of Biofarm (bacteria) biofertilizers were added and mixed thoroughly, so that a layer of biofertilizer covered the all seeds 7 . Also, the Sinorhizobium meliloti was used forinoculation of fenugreek seeds for nitrogen fixing through symbiosis. For field preparation, in the spring the moldboard ploughing (25–30 cm) was used, followed by two times disking. The fenugreek and basil seeds were planted at densities of 50 and 32 plants m -2 , respectively. They were planted with row space of 25 cm on 4 May 2021 and 15 May 2022, in intercropping patterns and sole cropping. In sole basil, sloe fenugreek, 2B:2F and B100: F50 intercropping patterns, the size of the experimental plots were 3 m × 3 m (12 rows wide × 3 m long). In 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, the size of plots was 4 m × 3 m (16 rows wide ×3 m long). Immediately after planting of crops, the furrow irrigation was done with intervals of 5 days till maturity of the plants. At all experimental plots the weeds were removed weekly by hand-weeding. No pesticide application was done during growth season in experimental field. Ethical approval. This experimental research upon plants complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. Fenugreek and basil seeds used in experiment, were purchased from Tabriz, Iran. Growth traits and dry herbage yield. 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot (after removing side rows and 0.5 m from the sides of the middle rows). The basil height was measured with a steel rule at maturity stage on 8 August 2021 (96 days after sowing) and 22 August 2022 (99 days after sowing). At flowering stage of basil (49 and 51 days after in 2021 and 2022, respectively) the plants in 1 m -2 of all plots were harvested and dried for 7 days in the shade at room temperature to determine the dry herbage yield of basil as g m -2 . In order to the determine of fenugreek grain yield, the plants in 1.5 m 2 of all plots were harvested from middle rows on 5 September 2021 and 2022. Harvested plants were dried at room temperature for 14 days and the grain yield per m -2 was measured after threshing. Year May June July August September Total precipitation (mm) 2021 13.45 2.59 3.82 0.0 3.62 2022 10.57 0.87 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mean temperature ( o C) 2021 16.23 19.65 25.0 24.0 18.52 2022 20.04 23.12 29.1 29.0 20.4 Table 7. Monthly mean temperature and total precipitation in 2021 and 2022 growing seasons in experimental area Table 8. Physicochemical properties of the soil of experimental area in depth of 0–30 cm. al Soil texture pH Organic matter (%) EC (dS m -1 ) Total N (%) P (mg kg -1 ) K (mg kg -1 ) Silty loam Value Clay (%) Silt (%) Sand (%) 7.9 0.83 0.78 0.10 9.8 225 26.94 43.06 30 EO content and yield. After harvesting the dry herbage of basil, it was powdered and then 50 g of that was hydro-distilled for 3.0 h by a clevenger device 51 (British Pharmacopoeia, 1988). For dehydration of EO samples, the anhydrous sodium sulphate was used and after that the samples were stored at 4 o C until GC-MS analysis. The content (%) and yield (g m -2 ) of EO were calculated as follows 10 : GC-MS analysis. Gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890N) with a 5973 mass-selective detector (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA) was used for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The method was used as priviously described 52 . Comparison of the mass spectra of each component either with those stored in the Adams mass spectral-retention index libraries 53 and Wiley 7.0 was employed for identification of EO constituents. Land equivalent ratio (LER). The land equivalent ratio (LER) was employed to evaluate the advantage of intercropping (basil-fenugreek) patterns 9 : LER B = Y BI / Y B LER F = Y FI / Y F LER T = LER F + LER B Where Y BI and Y B are the basil dry herbage yields in intercrop and sole cropping, respectively. Y FI and Y F are the fenugreek grain yields in intercrop and sole cropping, respectively. When the LER value is higher than 1.0, indicates that intercropping has increased the production efficiency in comparison with sole crops and the LER value of 1.0 indicates that components of intercropping have the same competitive ability or no competition was occurred between them. When the inter- specific competition is higher than interspecific facilitation, the value of LER is lower than 1.0, reveals that intercropping patterns has no advantage over sole crops 10 . Statistical analysis. The SAS version 9.0.3 was employed for ANOVA (analysis of variance). The combined ANOVA was done based on RCBD (complete randomized block design) with 15 treatments and three replications for two years (2021 and 2022). Analysis of variance did not perform for LER B , LER F , and LER T data. The assumptions of variance homogeneity and normality were tested for experimental data, and there was no need for data transformation. Duncan’s multiple range test was used for mean comparison at p ≤ 0.05. Data availability The necessary information is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Declarations Ethical approval. This experimental research upon plants complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. Fenugreek and basil seeds used in experiment, were purchased from Tabriz, Iran. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding No funding was received for conducting this study. Author Contribution A.E.: conducted the experiment, collected the data, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. R.A.: reviewed the final data, edited and reviewed the manuscript. A.D.M.N.: edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors thank the University of Tabriz for support and help in this research. References Aldarkazali, M., Rihan, H. Z., Carne, D. & Fuller, M. P. The growth and development of sweet basil ( Ocimum Basilicum ) and bush basil ( Ocimum Minimum ) grown under three light regimes in a controlled environment. Agronomy 9 , 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110743 (2019). Mostafavi, S., Asadi-Gharneh, H. A. & Miransari, M. The Phytochemical Variability of Fatty Acids in Basil Seeds ( Ocimum Basilicum L.) Affected by Genotype and Geographical Differences. Food Chem. 276, 700–706. dio: (2019). 10.1016/j.foodchem.10.027 Zeggwagh, N. A., Sulpice, T. & Eddouks, M. Anti-hyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of ( Ocimum basilicum) aqueous extract in diabetic rats. Am. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2 , 123–129. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.123.129 (2007). Marwat, A. K., Rehman, F., Khan, M. S. & Ghulam, S. Anwar, N. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) (Lamiaceae). Asian J. Chem. 23 , 3773–3782 (2011). Salaheen, S. & Biswas, D. Organic farming practices: Integrated culture versus monoculture. Elsevier Inc . (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812060-6.00002-7 Amini, R., Alizadeh, H. & Yousefi, A. Interference between red kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L). Eur. J. Agron. 60 , 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.07.002 (2014). Amiriyan Chelan, Z., Amini, R., Dabbagh, M. & Nasab, A. Optimizing fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) oil yield and compositions in intercropping through growth promoting bacteria and mycorrhiza. Front. Agron. 6 , 1422236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.142223 (2024). Gebru, H. A Review on the Comparative Advantage of Intercropping Systems. J. Biol. Agric. Healthc. 5 (9), 28–38 (2015). Vafadar-Yengeje, L., Amini, R. & Nasab, A. D. M. Chemical compositions and yield of essential oil of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in intercropping with faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) under different fertilizers application. J. Clean. Prod. 239 , 118033. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.11803 (2019). Amiriyan Chelan, Z., Amini, R. & Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A. Essential oil yield and compositions of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in intercropping with fenugreek, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria. Sci. Rep. 13 , 8039. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35156-x (2023). Mishra, B., Bose, S. K. & Sangwan, N. S. Comparative investigation of therapeutic plant Withania somnifera for yield, productivity, withanolide content, and expression of pathway genes during contrasting seasons. Ind. Crop Prod. 154 , 112508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112508 (2020). Marastoni, L. et al. Synergism and antagonisms between nutrients induced by copper toxicity in grapevine rootstocks: Monocropping vs. intercropping. Chemosphere 214 , 563–578. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.127 (2019). Raza, M. A. et al. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. J. Clean. Prod. 308 , 127282. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127282 (2021). Yaseen, M., Singh, M. & Ram, D. Growth, yield and economics of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) under intercropping system. Ind. Crops Prod. 61 , 417–421. 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.033 (2014). Sakhavi, S., Amini, R., Shakiba, M. R. & Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab, A. Advantage of faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) and cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) intercropping under organic, biological and chemical fertilizer treatments. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 26 , 17–32 (2017a). Sakhavi, S., Amini, R., Shakiba, M. R. & Mohammadi-Nasab, D. Effect of bio- and chemical fertilizers on grain and essential oil yield of cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) in intercropping with faba bean ( Vicia faba L). J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 27 , 49–63 (2017b). Amini, R., Choubforoush Khoei, B., Mohammadi Nasab, D., Raei, Y. & A. and Effects of intercropping sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) with millet, soybean and Moldavian balm on yield and quality in an organic production system. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 36 , 141–155. https://doi:10.1080/01448765.2020.1739556 (2020). Rezaei Chiyaneh, E. et al. Improvement of dragonhead ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) yield quality through a coupled intercropping system and vermicompost application along with maintenance of soil microbial activity. Land. Degrad. Dev. 32 (9), 2833–2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3957 (2021). Sarikhani, M. R. & Amini, R. Biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture: Review on the researches of biofertilizers in Iran. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 30 , 329–3365 (2020). de Assis, R. M. A. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic manure enhance growth and accumulation of citral, total phenols, and flavonoids in ( Melissa officinalis L). Ind. Crops Prod. 158 , 112981 (2020). j. indcrop.2020.112981. Dar, S. A., Bhat, R. A., Dervash, M. A., Dar, Z. A. & Dar, G. H. Azotobacter as biofertilizer for sustainable soil and plant health under saline environmental conditions. Microbiota Biofertilizers: A Sustain. Continuum Plant. Soil. Health . 231–254. 10.1007/978-3-030–48771-3_14 (2021). Sahoo, R. K., Bhardwaj, D. & Tuteja, N. Biofertilizers: a sustainable ecofriendly agricultural approach to crop improvement, in Plant acclimation to environmental stress (Springer New York, New York, NY). 403–432. doi: 10.1007/ (2012). 978-1-4614–5001-6_15. Mafakheri, S., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. & Rejali, F. Effect of biofertilizers, vermicompost, Azotobacter and biophosphate on the growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content of dragonhead ( Dracocephalum moldavica L). Acta Hortic. 1013 , 395e402. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1013.49 (2013). Karimzadeh, A., Kh, Ghorbanpour., M., Marefatzadeh Khameneh, M. & Hatami, M. Influence of drought stress, biofertilizers and zeolite on morphological traits and essential oil constituents in ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.). J. Med.Plants . 17 (67), 91e112. (2018). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.2717204 .17.67.8.8. (2018). Sabzi-mehrabad, Z., Lotfi, R., Pessarakli, M. & Yarnia, M. Changes in essential oil accumulation of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) as response to phosphate biological and chemical fertilizer. J. Plant. Nutr. 41 (3), 348e357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1385802 (2018). Bistgani, Z. E. et al. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak. Ind. Crops Prod. 121 , 434e440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.048 (2018). Agegnehu, G., Ghizaw, A. & Sinebo, W. Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. Eur. J. Agron. 25 , 202–207. 10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002 (2006). López-Bellido, L., López-Bellido, R. J., Castillo, J. E. & López-Bellido, F. J. Chickpea response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a continuous rotation with wheat: I. Biomass and seed yield. Field Crop Res. 88 , 191–200. 10.1016/ j.fcr.2004.01.011 (2004). El-Gaid, A., Al-Dokeshy, M. H. & Nassef, D. M. Effects of intercropping system of tomato and common bean on growth, yield components and land equivalent ratio in new valley governorate. Research Article Science Alert. Asian J. Crop Sci. 6 (3), 254–261. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2014.254.261 (2014). Fallah, S., Rostaei, M., Lorigooini, Z. & Abbasi Surki, A. Chemical compositions of essential oil and antioxidant activity of dragonhead ( Dracocephalum moldavica ) in sole crop and dragonhead-soybean ( Glycine max ) intercropping system under organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Ind. Crops Prod. 115 , 158e165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop. 2018.02.003 (2018). Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Jornsgaard, B., Kinane, J. & Jensen, E. S. Grain legume cereal intercropping: the practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 23 , 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170507002025 (2008). Rostaei, M., Fallah, S., Lorigooini, Z. & Abbasi Surki, A. The effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on essential oil, chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of dill ( Anethum graveolen s) in sole and intercropped with soybean ( Glycine max ). J. Clean. Prod. 199 , 18e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.141 (2018b). Rostaei, M., Fallah, S., Lorigooini, Z. & Abbasi Surki, A. Crop productivity and chemical compositions of black cumin essential oil in sole crop and intercropped with soybean under contrasting fertilization. Ind. Crops Prod. 125 , 622e629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.044 (2018a). Gerami, F., Moghaddam, P. R., Ghorbani, R. & Hassani, A. Effects of irrigation intervals and organic manure on morphological traits, essential oil content and yield of oregano ( Origanum vulgare L). Acad. Bras. Cienc. 88 (4), 2375e2385. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620160208 (2016). Pandey, V., Patel, A. & Patra, D. D. Integrated nutrient regimes ameliorate crop productivity, nutritive value, antioxidant activity and volatiles in basil ( Ocimum basilicum L). Ind. Crops Prod. 87 , 124e131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.035 (2016). Bruneton, J. Pharmacognosie-Phytochimie des Plantes Médicinales; Tec & Doc Lavoisier: Paris, France. 915p. (1993). Ismail, M. Central Properties and Chemical Composition of ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil. Pharm. Biol. 44 , 619–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600897544 (2006). Amani Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M. R. & Maggi, F. Evaluation of Competition, Essential Oil Quality and Quantity of Peppermint Intercropped with Soybean. Ind. Crops Prod. 111 , 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.052 (2018a). Amani-Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M. R. & Maggi, F. Evaluation of yield, essential oil content and compositions of peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.) intercropped with faba bean ( Vicia faba L). J. Clean. Prod. 171 , 529–537. https://doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.062 (2018b). Nadjafi, F., Mahdavi Damghani, M., Tabrizi, L. & Ebrahimi, N. Effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil content of thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage ( Salvia officinalis L). J Essent. Oil Bear Pl . 17 (2), 237e250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813235 (2014). Rowan, D. D. Volatile metabolites. Metabolites 1 (1), 41e63 (2011). Mahfouz, S. A. & Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Int. Agrophys . 21 (4), 361e366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-987419 (2007). Kordi, S. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage maize (Zea mays L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated) in additive intercropping (Ph.D. Thesis). Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. (2017). Zheljazkov, V. D. et al. oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. Hort Sci. 43 , 1415–1422 (2008). Ekren, S. et al. The effect of different irrigation water levels on yield and quality characteristics of purple basil ( Ocimum basilicum L). Agric. Water Manage. 109 , 155–161 (2012). Nurzynska-Wierdak, R., Borowski, B., Dzida, K., Zawi ´ ´slak, G. & Kowalski, R. Essential oil composition of sweet basil cultivars as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Turk J Agric For . 37 , 427–436. 10.3906/tar-1203-43 (2013). Santoro, M. V., Zygadlo, J., Giordano, W. & Banchio, E. Volatile organic compounds from rhizobacteria increase biosynthesis of essential oils and growth parameters in peppermint ( Mentha piperita L). Plant. Physiol. Biochem. 49 , 1177–1182 (2011). Prasad, A., Kumar, S., Khaliq, A. & Pandey, A. Heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alter the yield and chemical composition of volatile oil of sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L). Biol. Fertil. Soil. 47 , 853–861. 10.1007/s00374-011-0590-0 (2011). Baumann, D. T., Bastiaans, L. & Kropff, M. J. Competition and rop performance in a leek-celery intercropping system. Crop Sci. 41 , 764–774. 10.2135/cropsci2001.413764x (2001). Monti, M., Pellicanò, A., Santonoceto, C., Preiti, G. & Pristeri, A. Yield components and nitrogen use in cereal-pea intercrops in Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Res. 196 , 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.017 (2016). Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab, A., Amini, R. & Tamari, E. Evaluation of maize and three cultivars of common bean intercropping with application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod. 25 , 99–113 (2015). Pharmacopoeia, B. HMSO, vol. 2, A137eA138 (London 1988). Abou El-Soud, N. H., Deabes, M., El-Kassem, L. A. & Khalil, M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of ( Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil. Macedonian J. Med. Sci. 15 (3), 374–379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.082 (2015). Adams, R. P.. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Allured Publishing Corporation, 2017). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7363359","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512977031,"identity":"b04f92ee-2db0-4c71-af6f-5ce4e69bd1a4","order_by":0,"name":"Atefeh Ebrahimi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tabriz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atefeh","middleName":"","lastName":"Ebrahimi","suffix":""},{"id":512977032,"identity":"0286011f-e9ba-483a-ac8f-a140a5bd0cc7","order_by":1,"name":"Rouhollah Amini","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIie3RoQvCQBTH8d8QXDmwXpDtX1AGKvjP3DCsqFFMsjTLwOqfYRKbGw+0zD6bBpuIFlEweKfJcs5muG96Fz68BweYTP+aAHcApoZ3SRHisd+IzI8VKVQzLB1m+0UrWNqb1Xn3IFTGiUVDDakm5UbuZ7wXs35nKhiBZwJppiEckCSSBF0PghOQA2moJfZVkYBVjpLUCO53wl5bBONqiyDUCpCBIvU4P3UgkoDVMz/8dth8e49Grj3pkXV7tB1nTXTREbi7z7f8HUsLTCaTyVSgJxt9SNteFzV0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tabriz","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rouhollah","middleName":"","lastName":"Amini","suffix":""},{"id":512977033,"identity":"a6b82bfa-2553-4beb-98ee-c035452cae1d","order_by":2,"name":"Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tabriz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adel","middleName":"Dabbagh Mohammadi","lastName":"Nasab","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-13 09:38:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91118595,"identity":"d6721977-e2c9-49d6-aa52-b8ffc18b9a8b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 18:09:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":268818,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMean comparison for interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment on plant height of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e≤ 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7363359/v1/386fa79d11593d557d9fab64.jpg"},{"id":91118814,"identity":"26684ae5-c6e6-44f3-83c4-7ee3b3fae93d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 18:17:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":253153,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMean comparison for interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment on dry herbage yield of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e≤ 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7363359/v1/5eb1553acd0c636627843f9e.jpg"},{"id":91118596,"identity":"0d6a1c44-ea80-4663-9c73-0f42d712f04c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 18:09:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":212539,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEO content of basil as influenced by cropping pattern and fertilizer treatments. Different letters indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7363359/v1/d2260f95472273545de26b38.jpg"},{"id":91118598,"identity":"447fd2d4-0197-435b-b2ba-f2290127b59b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 18:09:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":281084,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEO yield of bail as influenced by cropping pattern and fertilizer treatments. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e ≤ 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7363359/v1/f8295dd0f838b1c497b7a1ca.jpg"},{"id":92500058,"identity":"eecf78ae-7354-44f0-8eee-8fba0d2d79af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 11:08:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2446066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7363359/v1/6ce267d8-6b69-4a2e-b99e-7b3dc5f69b4b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Improving essential oil yield and compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria in intercropping system","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eBasil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) is an essential oil-containing medicinal plant in family of Lamiaceae in sub-tropical and tropical climates\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp; The EO of basil is a component of dental products, oral health, and food industry\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, it is frequently used in traditional medicine\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. It is also could be used as industrial purposes (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and perfumery) and additive species, which could be related to its richness in flavonoids, phenols and essential oils\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModern agriculture is based on monocropping that lead to unsustainability, causes increases in pests and diseases pressure and reduction in nutrients availability in the soil\u003csup\u003e5,6\u003c/sup\u003e. Intercropping is a strategy that improve the productivity of the field by growing the different crops in a same time through increasing the resources use efficiency\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e. When the medicinal plants and spices, intercropped with main crops, they can reduce the pest density and population, because of aromatic and volatile materials which released in the field\u003csup\u003e8,9,10\u003c/sup\u003e. The demand for medicinal and aromatic plants is increasing all over the world, because they play an important role in the economic and ecological ambits of rural communities\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e. Intercropping is a strategy to improve crop productivity against time and place, by increasing the resources use efficiency, managing weeds, diseases and pests, and reduction in soil erosion\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Using legume crops in intercropping is an effective strategy to supply nitrogen requirement for companion crop\u003csup\u003e10,13\u003c/sup\u003e in intercropping\u0026nbsp;system of medicinal plants, improve the yield and quality in cropping system\u003csup\u003e14,15,16\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;In previous studies observed that medicinal plants intercropping with legume crops, improved the EO yield and compositions\u003csup\u003e7,9,10,17,18\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn sustainable agriculture, using micro-organisms as an inoculum has an important role in nutrients cycle and decrease in application of chemical fertilizers because of their negative effects on agroecosystems\u003csup\u003e7,19\u003c/sup\u003e. One of the most prevalent biofertilizers is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which improve the root distribution in soil and increase total effective surface of the roots\u003csup\u003e7,20\u003c/sup\u003e. In cereals, sesame and sunflower, \u003cem\u003eAzotobacter\u003c/em\u003e has been used as a biofertilizer. It has been reported that \u003cem\u003eAzotobacter\u003c/em\u003e produces indole acetic acid and gibberellins and also increases N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e fixation\u003csup\u003e10,21\u003c/sup\u003e. Increasing the plant development, growth and yield, also have been observed in inoculation of \u003cem\u003eAzospirillum\u003c/em\u003e by improving N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e status of the plant through N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e fixation and synthesis of auxin\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e. Using biofertilizers cause to achieve safe and high-quality products without detrimental effects on environment and human health\u003csup\u003e16,23\u003c/sup\u003e. In Moldavian balm, using biofertilizer increased the EO and yield\u003csup\u003e24,25\u003c/sup\u003e, and also improved the geranyl acetate and geraniol contents\u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLong-term application of chemical fertilizers increases crop yield, but disturbs the ecological balance of soil, increases water pollution and decreases the population of soil micro-organism\u003csup\u003e7,26\u003c/sup\u003e . Also, in medicinal plants, demand for organic and safe products has increased because of health consideration\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e. Among the biofertilizers available in Iran, Biopharm biofertilizer is noteworthy, which contains both \u003cem\u003eAzospirillum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAzotobacter\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e. Combined application of biofertilizers, especially these bacteria along with mycorrhizal fungi species, could effectively increase the growth characteristics and EO yield of basil. Since there is limited information about the intercropping of basil with fenugreek (\u003cem\u003eTrigonella foenum\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003egraecum\u003c/em\u003e L.) in Iran, so this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intercropping and biofertilizers on EO yield and composition of basil and advantage of intercropping by land equivalent ratio (LER).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant height.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe basil height was affected significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026le; 0.01) by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of year \u0026times; cropping pattern, year \u0026times; fertilizer and cropping pattern \u0026times; fertilizer (Table 1). The mean comparison for interaction of year \u0026times; fertilizer (Table 2) showed that in both years the greatest plant heights were observed in 50% CF+ Bio fertilizer. In 2021, the plant height in 50% CF + Bio treatment, enhanced by 17.7% in comparison with 100% CF, while this increase was 11.8% in 2022. At all fertilizer treatments, the plant heights in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021 (Table 2). The results for effect of year \u0026times; cropping pattern (Table 3) showed that in both years the greatest plant heights were observed in 2B:2F cropping pattern. In 2021, the plant height in 2B:2F cropping pattern, increased by 23.4% compared with basil sole cropping, while in 2022, this increase was 17.6%. At sole basil and intercrops, the plant heights in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021 (Table 3). The interaction effect of cropping pattern \u0026times; fertilizer on plant height (Fig. 1) indicated that at 2B:2F, 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping pattern, the plant heights increased compared with sole basil and the highest plants were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping. At all cropping patterns the 50% CF+ Bio treatment had the greatest plant highest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Analysis of variance for effect of cropping pattern and fertilizer treatment on growth traits, EO content and yield of basil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"639\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of variation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry herbage yield\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEO content\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEO yield\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlock \u0026times; Y\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCropping pattern (C)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY \u0026times; C\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFertilizer (F)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY \u0026times; F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC \u0026times; F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY \u0026times; C \u0026times; F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11. 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ens, * and **: non -significant and significant at P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMean comparison for interaction of year \u0026times; fertilizer treatment on plant height and dry herbage yield of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026le; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFertilizer treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry herbage yield (g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100% CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.41 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.2 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50% CF + Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.55 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.1 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.32 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100% CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.35 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.13 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50% CF + Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.42 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.62 bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.97 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.87 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMean comparison for interaction of year \u0026times; cropping pattern on plant height, dry herbage yield and EO content of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026le; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCropping pattern\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height (cm)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry herbage yield\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEO content\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSole cropping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.32 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.75 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136.1 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.77 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60 f\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.61 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.71 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.83 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.8 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive (100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.62 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.96 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSole cropping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.27 i\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127.7 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.29 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.27 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.77 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.79 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.56 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.91 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive (100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.68 j\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.38 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry herbage yield.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDry herbage yield of basil was affected significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026le; 0.01) by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of year \u0026times; cropping pattern, year \u0026times; fertilizer and cropping pattern \u0026times; fertilizer treatment (Table 1). The mean comparison for interaction of year \u0026times; fertilizer treatment (Table 2) showed that the greatest herbage yields were obtained in 2021, 50% CF+ Bio and Bio fertilizer treatments and the lowest one in 2022, 100% CF treatment. The dry herbage yields in 2022 decreased compared with those in 2021. The results for interaction of year \u0026times; cropping pattern (Table 3) showed that in both years the greatest dry herbage yields were observed sole cropping pattern and decreased in all intercropping patterns. The highest values for dry herbage yield were obtained in 5B:3F cropping pattern and decreased by 24.5 and 22.5 % compared with basil sole cropping, in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The interaction of fertilizer treatment \u0026times; cropping pattern on herbage yield (Fig. 2) indicated that the dry herbage yields at all intercropping patterns, reduced in comparison with sole basil and the highest values were obtained in 5B:3F intercropping. In sole cropping, 2B:2F and 5B:3F cropping patterns, the dry herbage yields were not significantly different in 100% CF and 50% CF+ Bio fertilizer treatments, while in 4B:2F and 100B: 50F cropping patterns, the dry herbage yields were not significantly different in all fertilizer treatments (Fig. 2). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.\u003c/strong\u003e Mean comparison for effect of year on\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEO content (%) yield of basil. Different letters indicate significant differences at \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026le; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEO content (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEO yield (g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEO content (%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe results of ANOVA indicated that the EO content was affected significantly by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer and interaction of cropping pattern \u0026times; fertilizer (Table 1). The means comparison indicated that the greatest EO content (1.06%) was obtained in 2B:2F with application of 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment (Fig. 3). At 2B:2F cropping pattern, in all fertilizer treatments, the EO contents increased compared with those in sole cropping. Also, at 4B:2F and 5b:3F cropping patterns, the highest EO contents were observed in 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment. Results for interaction effect of year \u0026times; cropping pattern on basil EO content (Table 3) indicated that in both years, the greatest EO contents were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping pattern. Also, at all intercrops and sole basil, the EO contents in 2021 were higher than those in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;EO\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eyield.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe results of ANOVA indicated that the EO yield was affected significantly by year, cropping pattern, fertilizer treatment and interaction of cropping pattern \u0026times; fertilizer treatment\u0026nbsp;(Table 1). The comparison of means (Fig. 4) indicated that the highest EO yield of bail (0.871 g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) was observed in sole basil. 2B:2F and 5B:3F had the highest (0.867 g m-\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and lowest (0.811 g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) EO yield, respectively, among the intercropping patterns (Table 6). In 50%CF+Bio, the EO yield significantly enhanced (0.871 g m-\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) compared with those of 100% CF (0.779 g m-\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and Bio (0.657 g m-\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) treatments (Fig 4). The basil EO yield of in 2021 (0.76 gm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) was greater than that in 2022 (0.65 gm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEO composition.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe compositions of basil EO was affected differently by intercropping pattern and fertilizer treatment. The EO of basil was consisted of 24 constitutes accounting for 97.4 - 98.4% of the total compositions (Table 5). Based on GC-MS analysis, the main components of the EO were methyl chavicol (31.5\u0026ndash;53.7 %), methyl eugenol (19.8 - 30.4%), 1,8 cineole (4.2 \u0026ndash; 10.3%), \u0026beta;-caryophyllene (3.5 - 4.8%), \u0026beta;-citral (2.2 - 6.9%), cis-\u0026alpha;-bisabolene (2.1 \u0026ndash; 4.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (0.9 \u0026ndash; 3.8%). In sole basil, the highest content of methyl chavicol (50.6%) was obtained in 100% CF treatment, while, in in all intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl chavicol were obtained in 100% CF Bio treatment. In 2B:2F, 4B:2F, 5B:3F and 100b:50F intercropping patterns, the contents of methyl chavicol in Bio treatments increased by 12.1, 40.6, 27.1 and 23.4%, respectively, compared with those in 100% CF. The greatest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%) was observed in 2F:2B intercropping patterns and Bio fertilizer (Table 5). In sole cropping, 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl eugenol were observed in 50%CF+Bio treatment that increased by 42.0, 7.1, and 4.7 %, respectively, compared with 100% CF treatment. At 2B:2F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns, the highest contents of methyl eugenol were obtained in 100% CF treatment. In sole cropping, the highest content of 1,8-cineol (6.9%) was observed in 100%CF treatment, while in all intercropping patterns the 50%CF+Bio treatment had the highest contents. In sole cropping, 4B:2F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns, the greatest contents of \u0026beta;-caryophyllene were observed in 50%CF+Bio treatment, while in 2B:2F and 5B:3F patterns, the greatest contents of \u0026beta;-caryophyllene were obtained in Bio treatment (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Equivalent Ratio (LER).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn both years, all fertilizer treatments and intercropping patterns, the values of LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e were higher than 1 (Table 6), which reveals the relative advantage of intercropping over sole basil. The highest values of LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e were obtained in 50% CF+Bio fertilizer treatment and 2B:2F intercropping pattern (1.99 and 1.93, for 2021 and 2022, respectively). Evaluating the partial LERs (Table 6) in both years for 2B:2F intercropping pattern indicated that increasing the LER\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e and LER\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e led to enhance in LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e. The lowest LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e values were obtained in additive (100B:50F) intercropping pattern. For all fertilizer treatments, the LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e values in 2B:2F and 4B:2F intercropping patterns in 2021 were higher than those in 2022, while the LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e values in 5B:3F and 100B:50F intercropping patterns in 2021 were lower.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"972\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompounds\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRI\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSole cropping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 137px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive\u0026nbsp;(100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50%CF +Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50%CF +Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50%CF +Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50%CF +Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100% CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50%CF +Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026beta;-Pinene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,8-Cineole\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e953\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecis-Anethole\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFenchol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrans\u003c/em\u003e-Chrysanthemal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosefuran epoxide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethyl chavicol\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e50.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e44.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e41.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e47.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e46.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e53.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e49.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e36.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e45.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026beta; -Citral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeraniol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha;-Cubebene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026beta; -Cubebene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethyl eugenol\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e27.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha; -Copaene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026delta;-Cadinene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026beta;-Caryophyllene\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1419\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026beta; -Farnesene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1433\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrans\u003c/em\u003e-\u0026beta; -Farnesene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermacrene D\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNerolidol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1517\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-\u0026alpha;-Bisabolene\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1532\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaryophyllene oxide\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1578\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha;-Bisabolol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEicosane\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOctadecanoic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal identified (%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eProportion of basil EO compositions under different cropping patterns and fertilizer treatments\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eLand equivalent ratio (LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e) values at different intercropping patterns and fertilizer treatments in 2021 and 2022. LER\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e: partial LER of fenugreek, LER\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e: partial LER of basil, LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e: total LER.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"684\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2022\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFertilizer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntercropping pattern\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER \u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER \u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLER \u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive (100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.98\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.99\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.93\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.00\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.93\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50% CF+Bio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive (100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100% CF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.80\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.75\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4B:2F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5B:3F\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditive (100B:50F)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant height.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe plant height as a growth index, could be affected by the growth conditions, and increasing the basil height in 2021 could be due to higher precipitation than 2022. In 2B:2F intercropping, the bail height was higher than sole cropping, that may be attributed to higher light competition between plants in intercropping than to sole basil. The concentration of auxin may increase by shading obtained by fenugreek which in turn enhanced the basil height\u003csup\u003e7,10,27\u003c/sup\u003e. In additive (50:100) intercropping, the competition between component crops for main resources such as light, nutrients and water, reduced the plant growth and height. The fertilizer treatment of 50%CF + Bio had the greatest plant height at all cropping patterns. Increasing the length of internodes, leaf area and photosynthetic rate by improving the nitrogen availability, could increase the plant height\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e. Also, more competition for light by increasing the total density in additive intercropping (100B:50F), might be the reason for increasing the basil height. obtained\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e the similar results as the tomato plant height increased in intercropping with common bean. Also reported that the plant height of fenugreek (in intercropping with Moldavian balm) increased in 100% chemical fertilizer compared with biofertilizer and biofertilizer +50% chemical fertilizer treatments\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry herbage yield.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn replacement intercropping patterns (2B:2F, 4B:2F and 5B:3F), the dry herbage yield of basil reduced in comparison with sole basil that could be explained by reduction in proportion of basil in intercropping patterns. In application of chemical fertilizer in intercropping of soybean-Moldavian balm\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e, observed that the Moldavian balm herbage yield decreased in intercropping patterns in comparison with sole crop. Also, in faba bean-Moldavian balm\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e and Moldavian balm-fenugreek\u003csup\u003e7,10\u003c/sup\u003e intercrops, observed that the herbage yield in intercropping patterns, reduced in comparison with sole medicinal crops. The basil dry herbage yield increased in 5B:3F intercropping compared with 2B:2F and 4B:2F patterns. Intercropping with fenugreek as a legume crop, could increase the nitrogen content in the soil through N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e fixation mechanism which lead to improve in growth and yield of component crop\u003csup\u003e10,27\u003c/sup\u003e. The competition between basil and fenugreek for N acquisition, is anticipated to mitigate through mentioned nitrogen resource\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e. 100%CF and 50%CF + Bio treatments, had greater dry herbage yield than Bio treatment in sole cropping, 2B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, while the dry herbage yields in 100%CF and Bio treatments were not significantly different in 4B:2F and 100B:50F patterns. These findings are in contrast to those of soybean-dill\u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e, soybean-black cumin\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e and Moldavian balm\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e intercropping which observed that the yields of medicinal crops in organic fertilizer treatment were higher than those in chemical fertilizer in sole and intercropping patterns. Also reported\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e that in 1:1 intercropping pattern of Moldavian balm-fenugreek, the dry herbage yield of Moldavian balm in biofertilizer treatment (arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi + bacteria), increased compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Chemical properties, cation exchange and water holding capacity of the soil improve with application of organic fertilizers which increase the basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) herbage yield\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e. Also, previous studies\u003csup\u003e24,25\u003c/sup\u003e indicated that the basil herbage yield increased with application of biofertilizer and organic manure. Using biofertilizers and organic manure, improved the herbage yield in basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.)\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEO content (%)\u0026nbsp;and yield.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn medicinal plants, the EO content could be affected by environmental parameters such as light intensity and quality and water availability\u003csup\u003e35,36\u003c/sup\u003e the main limited resources that may cause competition between components crops in intercropping\u003csup\u003e7,10\u003c/sup\u003e. In faba bean-peppermint and soybean-peppermint intercropping,\u0026nbsp;the 40:60 and 3:2 intercropping patterns had the highest EO contents of peppermint, respectively\u003csup\u003e37,38\u003c/sup\u003e. The basil EO content in 50% CF+ Bio treatment was higher than 100%CF and Bio treatments, while reported that the EO content of Moldavian balm in arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi+ bacteria treatment was higher than chemical fertilizer treatment\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e. In 50%CF+Bio\u0026nbsp;treatment, improving the EO yield of basil may be attributed to increase in nutrient’s availability and acquisition. The previous studies on \u003cem\u003eSalvia officinalis\u003c/em\u003e L. and \u003cem\u003eThymus vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e L. revealed that EO content was not affected by biofertilizer treatment\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e. In medicinal plants, the EOs are produced as secondary metabolites and their production is correlated with higher amounts of macro- and micronutrients, and photosynthetic efficiency\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e. The 50%CF+Bio\u0026nbsp;treatment had higher EO yield than 100%CF and Bio treatments which may be due to improve in macronutrients availability such as nitrogen and phosphorus\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e, which in turn increased the basil EO yield. The highest EO yield of fennel (\u003cem\u003eFoeniculum vulgare\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eMill.)\u0026nbsp;was obtained in a combined treatment of biofertilizer and 50% nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers\u003csup\u003e41\u003c/sup\u003e. In intercropping with faba bean, the EO yield of Moldavian balm in chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer treatments were greater than vermicompost treatment\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, unsuitable soil conditions for applied mycorrhiza and bacteria (Myco-Root and Biofarm), could be the reason for reduction in basil EO yield in Bio and\u0026nbsp;50%CF+Bio\u0026nbsp;treatments compared with 100%CF. Comparing the intercropping patterns revealed that the highest EO yield was obtained in 2B:2F that could be attributed to increase in basil EO content in this intercropping pattern compared to others. reported that in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping, the greatest EO yield of Moldavian balm was obtained in 4:2 intercropping pattern\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e. In previous studies on legume-medicinal plant intercropping, the highest\u0026nbsp;EO yields\u0026nbsp;were obtained in 2:1 soybean-dill intercropping\u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e, 2:1 soybean-black cumin intercropping\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e and\u0026nbsp;1:2 soybean-Moldavian balm intercropping\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEO composition.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn essential oil-bearing plants, the quality of EO in terms of type and number of constituents is so important\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;impact its characteristics, overall effectiveness and therapeutic benefits\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e. The GC-MS analysis of EO obtained from dry herbage of basil indicated that it contains 24 constituents (Table 7). The main constituents of EO were methyl chavicol (31.5–53.7%), methyl eugenol (19.8–30.4%), 1,8-cineole (4.2-10.3%), β-caryophyllene (3.5–4.8%), β-citral (2.2–6.9%), cis-α-bisabolene (2.1–4.9) and caryophylene oxide (0.9–3.8%). The greatest content of methyl chavicol was achieved in 2B:2F with Bio fertilizer treatment (Table 7), while the lowest content was obtained in 4B:2F whit 50%CF+Bio. observed\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e that in sole cropping of basil with chemical fertilizer of nitrogen the greatest methyl chavicol content was obtained. They stated that decrease in competition for nutrients acquisition in basil sole cropping and application of nitrogen chemical fertilizer, caused increase in content of methyl chavicol. The contents of bornil acetate, eucalyptol, linalool and eugenol in EO of basil affected by nitrogen fertilizer treatment\u003csup\u003e43\u003c/sup\u003e. Also, they stated that more nitrogen application, decreased the linalool content in EO and increased methyl chavicol content. The greatest contents of caryophyllene, geranial and citral were obtained in maize + 25% basil intercropping with no fertilizer\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e. It could be concluded that some factors such as competition for nutrient and light under intercropping system and nutrient deficiency may be underlined as factors that increase the synthesis of these compounds. Environmental factors such as drought and salinity stresses, and deficiencies of nutrients could affect the main compounds in EO\u003csup\u003e10,44\u003c/sup\u003e. Different amounts of nitrogen was found to affect significantly the main components of sweet basil EO, as the greatest content of bergamotene was obtained when the lowest amount of nitrogen was applied\u003csup\u003e45\u003c/sup\u003e. reported\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e that in intercropping patterns of faba bean-Moldavian balm, the geraniol contents in EO increased in biofertilizer and vermicompost treatments but the geranyl acetate content, increased in chemical fertilizer application. The greatest and lowest caryophyllene, menthol and germacrene-D were obtained in peppermint-soybean intercropping of and sole peppermint, respectively\u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e. \u0026nbsp;Also, in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e, observed\u0026nbsp;that in application of nitrogen fixing bacteria + mycorrhiza fungi, the contents of geranial in EO of Moldavian balm in intercrops of 100:50, 1:1 and 2:2, enhanced by 34.6, 25.1, and 15.5 % than sole crop. In medicinal plants, growth-promoting bacteria, are able to improve growth parameters, affect EO compositions through mechanisms of improving the nitrogen fixation, increase in available nitrogen, synthesis of growth stimulants such as gibberellin and auxin, and increasing the development and growth of root as well as improve in nutrients and water uptake\u003csup\u003e7,10.46,47\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Equivalent Ratio (LER).\u003c/strong\u003eThe advantage of the intercropping patterns was assessed by LER\u003csub\u003eT\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003evaluesthatare in agreement with\u003csup\u003e48\u003c/sup\u003e, which stated that the interspecific facilitation is due to the supplementary use of limited resources by intercropping components. also reported\u003csup\u003e49\u003c/sup\u003e that a slight increase in LER greater than 0.5 depends on the degree of complementarity of intercropping components. reported that in grain legume-cereal intercrop, LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e demonstrated that in intercropping patterns, the growth resources were used more efficiently from 27 to 31%, than sole cropping\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e. The highest LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50%CF+Bio that is in consistent with findings on intercropping of Moldavian balm-faba bean\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e. The lowest LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e (1.08) was observed in additive 100B:50F intercropping with 100%FC, while\u003csup\u003e7,10\u003c/sup\u003e reported that in Moldavian balm-fenugreek intercropping, the highest LER value was obtained in\u0026nbsp;additive 100:50 intercropping with application of chemical fertilizer. Probably, the reason for decrease in LER in additive 100B:50F intercropping is the lack of optimal density because it is an increase in interspecific competition between basil and fenugreek. In maize - common bean\u0026nbsp;intercropping, the of LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e values with application of nitrogen fertilizer showed a variable result including increase or decrease\u003csup\u003e50\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe plant height, dry herbage yield, EO content and yield of basil were significantly influenced by interaction of cropping pattern × fertilizer treatment. The greatest plant height, EO content and yield were obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with application of 50%CF+Bio treatment. The greatest dry herbage yield of basil was observed in 5B:3F intercropping pattern. The major chemical constitutes of basil EO (methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole) were influenced differently by cropping pattern and fertilizer treatment. The highest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%), was observed in 2B:2F and Bio fertilizer treatment, while the greatest content of methyl eugenol (30.4%) was obtained in 4B:2F intercropping pattern. In all fertilizer treatments and cropping patterns,\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;land equivalence ratios (LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e) were obtained more than one that indicates balm-fenugreek intercropping has increased the production efficacy. The highest LER\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e value (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50% CF + Bio treatment. It means that this intercropping patterns with application of reduced rate of chemical fertilizer in combination with mycorrhiza fungi and growth promoting rhizobacteria, improved the yield of both crops in intercropping. On the other hand, the application of chemical fertilizer could be reduced by 50% through application of biofertilizers and intercropping. Using such environmentally-friendly strategies will improve the yield and quality of basil, reduces the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems and could be recommended to the growers of medicinal plant in a sustainable production system.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperimental design and field operation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eA two-season (2021-2022)\u0026nbsp;experiment was conducted at the research field in west Azarbaijan,\u0026nbsp;Iran (latitude 3901_N, longitude 4438_E, altitude 1850 m above sea level).\u0026nbsp;The total precipitation and mean temperature for months of growth season in experimental site are presented in\u0026nbsp;Table 7.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;The soil physicochemical properties at depth of 0-30 cm in experimental field is shown in Table 8. The experiments were arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor was cropping pattern including sole cropping of basil (B), sole cropping of fenugreek (F), intercropping patterns based on replacement method at ratios of 2 row of basil + 2 row of fenugreek (2B:2F), \u0026nbsp;4 rows of basil + 2 rows of fenugreek (4B:2F), and 5 rows of basil + 3 rows of fenugreek (5B:3F) and additive intercropping of basil + fenugreek (100B: 50F) (100% density of basil + 50% density of fenugreek planted between basil rows). The basil is the main crop, and the fenugreek is dominating crop.\u0026nbsp;The second factor was fertilizer treatment at three levels including application of 100% chemical fertilizer (100% CF), 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (50% CF + Bio) and biofertilizer (Bio).\u0026nbsp;50 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;1\u003c/sup\u003e urea and 80 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;1\u003c/sup\u003e triple superphosphate (based on the soil test), applied at planting time as 100% CF. For\u0026nbsp;biofertilizer (Bio) treatment, the combination of\u0026nbsp;Myco-Root + Biofarm was used.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBiofertilizer of Myco-Root contains 10\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e to 10\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e CFU/g arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) of \u003cem\u003eGlomus etunicatum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGlomus intraradices\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGlomus mosseae\u003c/em\u003e produced by Zist Fanavar Pishtaz Varian Company, Karaj, Iran. For bacteria inoculation, the Biofarm was used which contains 2 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e CFU/g \u003cem\u003eAzotobacter\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003echroococcum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAzospirillum brasilense\u003c/em\u003e by Nature Biotechnology Company (Biorun) Karaj, Iran. 1 kg of basil and fenugreek seeds were placed on a clean surface in the shade, and after spraying some water on them, 40 g of Myco-Root (AMF) and 40 mL of Biofarm (bacteria) biofertilizers were added and mixed thoroughly, so that a layer of biofertilizer covered the all seeds\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e. Also, the \u003cem\u003eSinorhizobium meliloti\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewas used forinoculation of fenugreek seeds for nitrogen fixing through symbiosis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor field preparation, in the spring the moldboard ploughing (25\u0026ndash;30 cm) was used, followed by two times disking. The fenugreek and basil seeds were planted at densities of 50 and 32 plants m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. They were planted with row space of 25 cm on 4 May 2021 and 15 May 2022, in intercropping patterns and sole cropping. In sole basil, sloe fenugreek, 2B:2F and B100: F50 intercropping patterns, the size of the experimental plots were 3 m \u0026times; 3 m (12 rows wide \u0026times; 3 m long). In 4B:2F and 5B:3F intercropping patterns, the size of plots was 4 m \u0026times; 3 m (16 rows wide \u0026times;3 m long). Immediately after planting of crops, the furrow irrigation was done with intervals of 5 days till maturity of the plants. At all experimental plots the weeds were removed weekly by hand-weeding. No pesticide application was done during growth season in experimental field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval.\u003c/strong\u003e This experimental research upon plants complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. Fenugreek and basil seeds used in experiment, were purchased from Tabriz, Iran.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth traits and dry herbage yield.\u003c/strong\u003e 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot (after removing side rows and 0.5 m from the sides of the\u0026nbsp;middle rows). The basil height was measured with a steel rule at maturity stage on 8 August 2021 (96 days after sowing) and 22 August 2022 (99 days after sowing). At flowering stage of basil (49 and 51 days after in 2021 and 2022, respectively) the plants in 1 m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e of all plots were harvested and dried for 7 days in the shade at room temperature to determine the dry herbage yield of basil as g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e. In order to the determine of fenugreek grain yield, the plants in 1.5 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of all plots were harvested from middle rows on 5 September 2021 and 2022. Harvested plants were dried at room temperature for 14 days and the grain yield per m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e was measured after threshing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal precipitation (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean temperature (\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMonthly mean temperature and total precipitation in 2021 and 2022 growing seasons in experimental area\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 8.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePhysicochemical properties of the soil of experimental area in depth of 0\u0026ndash;30 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"654\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil texture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrganic matter (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC (dS m\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal N (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP (mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK (mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilty loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClay (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilt (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSand (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEO content and yield.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAfter harvesting the dry herbage of basil, it was powdered and then 50 g of that was hydro-distilled for 3.0 h by a clevenger device\u003csup\u003e51\u003c/sup\u003e (British Pharmacopoeia, 1988). For dehydration of EO samples, the anhydrous sodium sulphate was used and after that the samples were stored at 4 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC until GC-MS analysis. The content (%) and yield (g m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) of EO were calculated as follows\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"296\" height=\"41\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"414\" height=\"21\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGC-MS analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eGas chromatograph (Agilent 6890N) with a 5973 mass-selective detector (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA) was used for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The method was used as priviously described\u003csup\u003e52\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Comparison of the mass spectra of each component either with those stored in the Adams mass spectral-retention index libraries\u003csup\u003e53\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; and Wiley 7.0 was employed for identification of EO constituents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand equivalent ratio (LER).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe land equivalent ratio (LER) was employed to evaluate the advantage of intercropping (basil-fenugreek) patterns\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLER\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e = Y \u003csub\u003eBI\u003c/sub\u003e / Y\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; LER\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e = Y \u003csub\u003eFI\u003c/sub\u003e / Y \u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLER \u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e= LER \u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e + LER \u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere Y\u003csub\u003eBI\u003c/sub\u003e and Y\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e are the basil dry herbage yields in intercrop and sole cropping, respectively. Y\u003csub\u003eFI\u003c/sub\u003e and Y\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e are the fenugreek grain yields in intercrop and sole cropping, respectively. When the LER value is higher than 1.0, indicates that intercropping has increased the production efficiency in comparison with sole crops and the LER value of 1.0 indicates that components of intercropping have the same competitive ability or no competition was occurred between them. When the inter- specific competition is higher than interspecific facilitation, the value of LER is lower than 1.0, reveals that intercropping patterns has no advantage over sole crops\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe SAS version 9.0.3 was employed for ANOVA (analysis of variance). The combined ANOVA was done based on RCBD (complete randomized block design) with 15 treatments and three replications for two years (2021 and 2022). Analysis of variance did not perform for LER \u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e, LER \u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e, and LER \u003csub\u003eT\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003edata. The assumptions of variance homogeneity and normality were tested for experimental data, and there was no need for data transformation. Duncan\u0026rsquo;s multiple range test was used for mean comparison at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026le; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe necessary information is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthical approval.\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e This experimental research upon plants complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. Fenugreek and basil seeds used in experiment, were purchased from Tabriz, Iran.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received for conducting this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA.E.: conducted the experiment, collected the data, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. R.A.: reviewed the final data, edited and reviewed the manuscript. A.D.M.N.: edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank the University of Tabriz for support and help in this research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAldarkazali, M., Rihan, H. Z., Carne, D. \u0026amp; Fuller, M. P. The growth and development of sweet basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum Basilicum\u003c/em\u003e) and bush basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum Minimum\u003c/em\u003e) grown under three light regimes in a controlled environment. \u003cem\u003eAgronomy\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e, 743. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110743\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/agronomy9110743\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2019).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMostafavi, S., Asadi-Gharneh, H. A. \u0026amp; Miransari, M. The Phytochemical Variability of Fatty Acids in Basil Seeds (\u003cem\u003eOcimum Basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) Affected by Genotype and Geographical Differences. \u003cem\u003eFood Chem.\u003c/em\u003e 276, 700\u0026ndash;706. dio: (2019). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.foodchem.10.027\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.foodchem.10.027\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZeggwagh, N. A., Sulpice, T. \u0026amp; Eddouks, M. Anti-hyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum)\u003c/em\u003e aqueous extract in diabetic rats. Am. \u003cem\u003eJ. Pharmacol. Toxicol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e, 123\u0026ndash;129. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.123.129\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3844/ajptsp.123.129\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2007).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarwat, A. K., Rehman, F., Khan, M. S. \u0026amp; Ghulam, S. Anwar, N. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Sweet Basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) (Lamiaceae). \u003cem\u003eAsian J. Chem.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e23\u003c/b\u003e, 3773\u0026ndash;3782 (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSalaheen, S. \u0026amp; Biswas, D. Organic farming practices: Integrated culture versus monoculture. \u003cem\u003eElsevier Inc\u003c/em\u003e. (2019). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812060-6.00002-7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/B978-0-12-812060-6.00002-7\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmini, R., Alizadeh, H. \u0026amp; Yousefi, A. Interference between red kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and redroot pigweed (\u003cem\u003eAmaranthus retroflexus\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eEur. J. Agron.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e60\u003c/b\u003e, 13\u0026ndash;21. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.07.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2014.07.002\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmiriyan Chelan, Z., Amini, R., Dabbagh, M. \u0026amp; Nasab, A. Optimizing fenugreek (\u003cem\u003eTrigonella foenum-graecum\u003c/em\u003e L.) oil yield and compositions in intercropping through growth promoting bacteria and mycorrhiza. \u003cem\u003eFront. Agron.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e6\u003c/b\u003e, 1422236. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.142223\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/fagro.2024.142223\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGebru, H. A Review on the Comparative Advantage of Intercropping Systems. \u003cem\u003eJ. Biol. Agric. Healthc.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e (9), 28\u0026ndash;38 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVafadar-Yengeje, L., Amini, R. \u0026amp; Nasab, A. D. M. Chemical compositions and yield of essential oil of Moldavian balm (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L.) in intercropping with faba bean (\u003cem\u003eVicia faba\u003c/em\u003e L.) under different fertilizers application. \u003cem\u003eJ. Clean. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e239\u003c/b\u003e, 118033. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.11803\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.11803\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2019).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmiriyan Chelan, Z., Amini, R. \u0026amp; Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A. Essential oil yield and compositions of \u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L. in intercropping with fenugreek, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria. \u003cem\u003eSci. Rep.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e, 8039. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35156-x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s41598-023-35156-x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2023).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMishra, B., Bose, S. K. \u0026amp; Sangwan, N. S. Comparative investigation of therapeutic plant Withania somnifera for yield, productivity, withanolide content, and expression of pathway genes during contrasting seasons. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crop Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e154\u003c/b\u003e, 112508. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112508\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112508\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarastoni, L. et al. Synergism and antagonisms between nutrients induced by copper toxicity in grapevine rootstocks: Monocropping vs. intercropping. \u003cem\u003eChemosphere\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e214\u003c/b\u003e, 563\u0026ndash;578. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.127\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.127\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2019).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaza, M. A. et al. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. \u003cem\u003eJ. Clean. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e308\u003c/b\u003e, 127282. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127282\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127282\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYaseen, M., Singh, M. \u0026amp; Ram, D. Growth, yield and economics of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) under intercropping system. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e61\u003c/b\u003e, 417\u0026ndash;421. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.033\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.033\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSakhavi, S., Amini, R., Shakiba, M. R. \u0026amp; Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab, A. Advantage of faba bean (\u003cem\u003eVicia faba\u003c/em\u003e L.) and cumin (\u003cem\u003eCuminum cyminum\u003c/em\u003e L.) intercropping under organic, biological and chemical fertilizer treatments. \u003cem\u003eJ. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e26\u003c/b\u003e, 17\u0026ndash;32 (2017a).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSakhavi, S., Amini, R., Shakiba, M. R. \u0026amp; Mohammadi-Nasab, D. Effect of bio- and chemical fertilizers on grain and essential oil yield of cumin (\u003cem\u003eCuminum cyminum\u003c/em\u003e L.) in intercropping with faba bean (\u003cem\u003eVicia faba\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eJ. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e27\u003c/b\u003e, 49\u0026ndash;63 (2017b).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmini, R., Choubforoush Khoei, B., Mohammadi Nasab, D., Raei, Y. \u0026amp; A. and Effects of intercropping sugar beet (\u003cem\u003eBeta vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e L.) with millet, soybean and Moldavian balm on yield and quality in an organic production system. \u003cem\u003eBiol. Agric. Hortic.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e36\u003c/b\u003e, 141\u0026ndash;155. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi:10.1080/01448765.2020.1739556\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://doi:10.1080/01448765.2020.1739556\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRezaei Chiyaneh, E. et al. Improvement of dragonhead (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L.) yield quality through a coupled intercropping system and vermicompost application along with maintenance of soil microbial activity. \u003cem\u003eLand. Degrad. Dev.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e32\u003c/b\u003e (9), 2833\u0026ndash;2848. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3957\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/ldr.3957\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSarikhani, M. R. \u0026amp; Amini, R. Biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture: Review on the researches of biofertilizers in Iran. \u003cem\u003eJ. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e30\u003c/b\u003e, 329\u0026ndash;3365 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ede Assis, R. M. A. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic manure enhance growth and accumulation of citral, total phenols, and flavonoids in (\u003cem\u003eMelissa officinalis\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e158\u003c/b\u003e, 112981 (2020). j. indcrop.2020.112981.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDar, S. A., Bhat, R. A., Dervash, M. A., Dar, Z. A. \u0026amp; Dar, G. H. Azotobacter as biofertilizer for sustainable soil and plant health under saline environmental conditions. Microbiota Biofertilizers: A Sustain. \u003cem\u003eContinuum Plant. Soil. Health\u003c/em\u003e. 231\u0026ndash;254. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/978-3-030\u0026ndash;48771-3_14\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-030\u0026ndash;48771-3_14\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSahoo, R. K., Bhardwaj, D. \u0026amp; Tuteja, N. Biofertilizers: a sustainable ecofriendly agricultural approach to crop improvement, in Plant acclimation to environmental stress (Springer New York, New York, NY). 403\u0026ndash;432. doi: 10.1007/ (2012). 978-1-4614\u0026ndash;5001-6_15.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMafakheri, S., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. \u0026amp; Rejali, F. Effect of biofertilizers, vermicompost, Azotobacter and biophosphate on the growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content of dragonhead (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eActa Hortic.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e1013\u003c/b\u003e, 395e402. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1013.49\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1013.49\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2013).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKarimzadeh, A., Kh, Ghorbanpour., M., Marefatzadeh Khameneh, M. \u0026amp; Hatami, M. Influence of drought stress, biofertilizers and zeolite on morphological traits and essential oil constituents in (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L.). \u003cem\u003eJ. Med.Plants\u003c/em\u003e. 17 (67), 91e112. (2018). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.2717204\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.2717204\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.17.67.8.8. (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSabzi-mehrabad, Z., Lotfi, R., Pessarakli, M. \u0026amp; Yarnia, M. Changes in essential oil accumulation of Moldavian balm (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e L.) as response to phosphate biological and chemical fertilizer. \u003cem\u003eJ. Plant. Nutr.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e41\u003c/b\u003e (3), 348e357. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1385802\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/01904167.2017.1385802\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBistgani, Z. E. et al. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e121\u003c/b\u003e, 434e440. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.048\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.048\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAgegnehu, G., Ghizaw, A. \u0026amp; Sinebo, W. Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. \u003cem\u003eEur. J. Agron.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e25\u003c/b\u003e, 202\u0026ndash;207. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2006).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eL\u0026oacute;pez-Bellido, L., L\u0026oacute;pez-Bellido, R. J., Castillo, J. E. \u0026amp; L\u0026oacute;pez-Bellido, F. J. Chickpea response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a continuous rotation with wheat: I. Biomass and seed yield. \u003cem\u003eField Crop Res.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e88\u003c/b\u003e, 191\u0026ndash;200. 10.1016/ j.fcr.2004.01.011 (2004).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEl-Gaid, A., Al-Dokeshy, M. H. \u0026amp; Nassef, D. M. Effects of intercropping system of tomato and common bean on growth, yield components and land equivalent ratio in new valley governorate. Research Article Science Alert. \u003cem\u003eAsian J. Crop Sci.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e6\u003c/b\u003e (3), 254\u0026ndash;261. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2014.254.261\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3923/ajcs.2014.254.261\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFallah, S., Rostaei, M., Lorigooini, Z. \u0026amp; Abbasi Surki, A. Chemical compositions of essential oil and antioxidant activity of dragonhead (\u003cem\u003eDracocephalum moldavica\u003c/em\u003e) in sole crop and dragonhead-soybean (\u003cem\u003eGlycine max\u003c/em\u003e) intercropping system under organic manure and chemical fertilizers. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e115\u003c/b\u003e, 158e165. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop. 2018.02.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop. 2018.02.003\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHauggaard-Nielsen, H., Jornsgaard, B., Kinane, J. \u0026amp; Jensen, E. S. Grain legume cereal intercropping: the practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renew. \u003cem\u003eAgric. Food Syst.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e23\u003c/b\u003e, 3\u0026ndash;12. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170507002025\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1017/S1742170507002025\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2008).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRostaei, M., Fallah, S., Lorigooini, Z. \u0026amp; Abbasi Surki, A. The effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on essential oil, chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of dill (\u003cem\u003eAnethum graveolen\u003c/em\u003es) in sole and intercropped with soybean (\u003cem\u003eGlycine max\u003c/em\u003e). \u003cem\u003eJ. Clean. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e199\u003c/b\u003e, 18e26. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.141\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.141\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018b).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRostaei, M., Fallah, S., Lorigooini, Z. \u0026amp; Abbasi Surki, A. Crop productivity and chemical compositions of black cumin essential oil in sole crop and intercropped with soybean under contrasting fertilization. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e125\u003c/b\u003e, 622e629. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.044\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.044\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018a).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGerami, F., Moghaddam, P. R., Ghorbani, R. \u0026amp; Hassani, A. Effects of irrigation intervals and organic manure on morphological traits, essential oil content and yield of oregano (\u003cem\u003eOriganum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eAcad. Bras. Cienc.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e88\u003c/b\u003e (4), 2375e2385. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620160208\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1590/0001-3765201620160208\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePandey, V., Patel, A. \u0026amp; Patra, D. D. Integrated nutrient regimes ameliorate crop productivity, nutritive value, antioxidant activity and volatiles in basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e87\u003c/b\u003e, 124e131. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.035\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.035\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBruneton, J. Pharmacognosie-Phytochimie des Plantes M\u0026eacute;dicinales; Tec \u0026amp; Doc Lavoisier: Paris, France. 915p. (1993).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIsmail, M. Central Properties and Chemical Composition of (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) Essential Oil. \u003cem\u003ePharm. Biol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e44\u003c/b\u003e, 619\u0026ndash;626. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600897544\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/13880200600897544\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2006).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmani Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M. R. \u0026amp; Maggi, F. Evaluation of Competition, Essential Oil Quality and Quantity of Peppermint Intercropped with Soybean. \u003cem\u003eInd. Crops Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e111\u003c/b\u003e, 743\u0026ndash;754. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.052\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.052\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018a).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmani-Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M. R. \u0026amp; Maggi, F. Evaluation of yield, essential oil content and compositions of peppermint (\u003cem\u003eMentha piperita\u003c/em\u003e L.) intercropped with faba bean (\u003cem\u003eVicia faba\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eJ. Clean. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e171\u003c/b\u003e, 529\u0026ndash;537. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.062\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.062\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2018b).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNadjafi, F., Mahdavi Damghani, M., Tabrizi, L. \u0026amp; Ebrahimi, N. Effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil content of thyme (\u003cem\u003eThymus vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e L.) and sage (\u003cem\u003eSalvia officinalis\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eJ Essent. Oil Bear Pl\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e17\u003c/b\u003e (2), 237e250. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813235\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/0972060X.2013.813235\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRowan, D. D. Volatile metabolites. \u003cem\u003eMetabolites\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e (1), 41e63 (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMahfouz, S. A. \u0026amp; Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). \u003cem\u003eInt. Agrophys\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e21\u003c/b\u003e (4), 361e366. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-987419\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1055/s-2007-987419\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2007).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKordi, S. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage maize \u003cem\u003e(Zea mays\u003c/em\u003e L.) and sweet basil \u003cem\u003e(Ocimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) under nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated) in additive intercropping (Ph.D. Thesis). Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZheljazkov, V. D. et al. oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. \u003cem\u003eHort Sci.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e, 1415\u0026ndash;1422 (2008).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEkren, S. et al. The effect of different irrigation water levels on yield and quality characteristics of purple basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eAgric. Water Manage.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e109\u003c/b\u003e, 155\u0026ndash;161 (2012).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNurzynska-Wierdak, R., Borowski, B., Dzida, K., Zawi \u0026acute; \u0026acute;slak, G. \u0026amp; Kowalski, R. Essential oil composition of sweet basil cultivars as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilization. \u003cem\u003eTurk J Agric For\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e37\u003c/b\u003e, 427\u0026ndash;436. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3906/tar-1203-43\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3906/tar-1203-43\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2013).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSantoro, M. V., Zygadlo, J., Giordano, W. \u0026amp; Banchio, E. Volatile organic compounds from rhizobacteria increase biosynthesis of essential oils and growth parameters in peppermint (\u003cem\u003eMentha piperita\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003ePlant. Physiol. Biochem.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e49\u003c/b\u003e, 1177\u0026ndash;1182 (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePrasad, A., Kumar, S., Khaliq, A. \u0026amp; Pandey, A. Heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alter the yield and chemical composition of volatile oil of sweet basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L). \u003cem\u003eBiol. Fertil. Soil.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e47\u003c/b\u003e, 853\u0026ndash;861. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00374-011-0590-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00374-011-0590-0\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaumann, D. T., Bastiaans, L. \u0026amp; Kropff, M. J. Competition and rop performance in a leek-celery intercropping system. \u003cem\u003eCrop Sci.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e41\u003c/b\u003e, 764\u0026ndash;774. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.2135/cropsci2001.413764x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.2135/cropsci2001.413764x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2001).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMonti, M., Pellican\u0026ograve;, A., Santonoceto, C., Preiti, G. \u0026amp; Pristeri, A. Yield components and nitrogen use in cereal-pea intercrops in Mediterranean environment. \u003cem\u003eField Crops Res.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e196\u003c/b\u003e, 379\u0026ndash;388. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.017\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.017\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab, A., Amini, R. \u0026amp; Tamari, E. Evaluation of maize and three cultivars of common bean intercropping with application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. \u003cem\u003eJ. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e25\u003c/b\u003e, 99\u0026ndash;113 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePharmacopoeia, B. HMSO, vol. 2, \u003cem\u003eA137eA138\u003c/em\u003e (London 1988).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbou El-Soud, N. H., Deabes, M., El-Kassem, L. A. \u0026amp; Khalil, M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) essential oil. \u003cem\u003eMacedonian J. Med. Sci.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e15\u003c/b\u003e (3), 374\u0026ndash;379. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.082\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3889/oamjms.2015.082\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdams, R. P.. \u003cem\u003eIdentification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry\u003c/em\u003e (Allured Publishing Corporation, 2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Additive intercropping, Biofertilizer, Basil, Essential oil (EO), Land equivalent ratio","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA two-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer treatments on growth characteristics, essential oil (EO) yield and compositions of basil (\u003cem\u003eOcimum basilicum\u003c/em\u003e L.) in intercropping with fenugreek (\u003cem\u003eTrigonella foenum\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003egraecum\u003c/em\u003e L.). A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2021 and 2022. The first factor was cropping pattern including sole cropping of basil and fenugreek, strip intercropping of basil (B)-fenugreek (F) with replacement method in the ratios of 2B:2F, 4B:2F, 5B:3F and an additive intercropping of 100% basil\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;50% of fenugreek (100B:50F). The second factor was fertilizer at three levels including application of 100% chemical fertilizer (100% CF), 50% chemical fertilizer\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;biofertilizer (50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio) and biofertilizer (Bio). The greatest basil height was observed in 2B:2F cropping pattern and 50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio treatment (50.39 cm). The greatest yield of dry herbage was observed in 5B:3B cropping pattern with 100% CF and 50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio treatments. The greatest yields of EO were observed in sole basil and 2B:2F intercropping (0.87 g m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e), in 50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio treatment. Methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole, were the main chemical constitutes of EO. The contents of major components of EO were affected differently by cropping pattern and fertilizer. The greatest content of methyl chavicol (53.7%), was observed in 2B:2F and Bio fertilizer treatment. At all treatments, the land equivalence ratios (LER) were more than 1.0 and the highest value (1.99) was obtained in 2B:2F intercropping with 50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio treatment. Application of 50% CF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Bio fertilizer treatment in 2B:2F intercropping, improved the productivity of basil-fenugreek intercropping, enhanced the EO compositions and could be used in sustainable production of basil.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Improving essential oil yield and compositions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria in intercropping system","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-11 18:09:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7363359/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4009a2d9-3dcb-4504-a871-a569f694f0b6","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":54489511,"name":"Biological sciences/Biological techniques"},{"id":54489512,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology"},{"id":54489513,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":54489514,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-30T11:08:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-11 18:09:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7363359","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7363359","identity":"rs-7363359","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}