A Taxonomy of Robust Control Techniques for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: A Review

Hybrid AC/DC microgrids have emerged as a promising solution for integrating di-verse renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency, and strengthening the resilience of modern power systems. However, the intrinsic complexity of these sys-tems stemming from the coexistence of AC and DC domains, the intermittent nature of renewable generation, and unpredictable operating conditions—demands advanced control strategies to ensure stable and reliable operation. Robust control techniques have garnered increasing interest due to their capacity to maintain system perfor-mance in the face of disturbances, model uncertainties, and parameter variations. This paper offers a thorough comparison of recent robust control strategies used in hybrid AC/DC microgrids. Intelligent and adaptive controllers and classical model-based methods are systematically categorized and evaluated based on their control architec-ture. Important research gaps are identified, such as the lack of a unified benchmark-ing criteria, limited experimental validation, and integration challenges with decen-tralized architectures. Unlike prior surveys that cover a broad spectrum of microgrid types, this review is exclusively dedicated to hybrid AC/DC microgrids, highlighting the hierarchical distribution of control approaches and outlining future perspectives for scalable and certifiable robust controllers.