The Effect of Humidity and UV Light Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of PA6 Matrix Reinforced with Short Carbon Fiber and Built by Additive Manufacturing

This work presents results of nylon-based composites used in additive manufacturing (AM) exposed during 24, 48, 96, 168, 336, and 504 hours of continuous exposure to UV and 50% humidity. Sample coupons were built on a Markforged Two® printer. To mimic UV exposure, samples were exposed to 253 nm UV light, whereas for humidity, samples were placed at 50% relative humidity and 22°C in a bi-distilled water atmosphere. The effects of said exposure were measured in tensile, Charpy impact energy, mass absorption, and Shore hardness D tests. nylon gained a 5.6% ±0.48 mass after 504 hrs. For Charpy, absorbed energy goes down from 0.463 J/mm^2 to 0.28 J/mm^2 at 504 h of humidity exposure. For Shore D, the variation goes from 59.1±0.82 for zero exposure to 66.8±2.5 at 504 h of UV exposure. Conversely, UV exposure induced an increase in Young’s modulus and Shore hardness, while significantly reducing impact energy to 0.32 J/mm², indicating embrittlement confirmed by SEM analysis. FTIR analysis revealed hydrolytic degradation under humidity and photo-oxidative degradation under UV, affecting N-H and C=O bonds. These findings allow a designer to project a component with mechanical properties according to the last day of service.