Impact of Pruning Intensity and Foliar Nutrient Application on Yield and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

Impact of Pruning Intensity and Foliar Nutrient Application on Yield and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. 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Allahabad Safeda Shobharam Anjanawe, Chandra Shekhar Pandey, Reena Nair, Asheesh Sharma, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8639119/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A comprehensivefield investigationwas conducted during2022–23 and 2023–24to assess the effect ofpruningandfoliar feedingon theyield and quality of guava.The pruning treatment P₁ (25 cm shoot pruning)exhibited significantly superior performance, recording th e highest initial fruit set/ shoot (9.83), number of fruit/plant (174.53), fruit retention per shoot (7.93), yield/ plant (25.10 kg), andyield/ hectare (278.86 q/ha). Conversely, the lowest values for these parameters were recorded under P₀ (no pruning). Among the nutrient treatments, N₂ (Urea @ 3%),maximum initial fruit set per shoot (10.14), number fruit per plant (172.44), fruit retention per shoot (8.20), yield/plant (27.45 kg), and estimated yield/hectare (304.99 q/ha). With regard tofruit quality parameters, pruning at50 cm (P₂)resulted in thehighest TSS (11.47°Brix), ascorbic acid (235.96 mg/100 g pulp), total sugar (9.67%), reducing sugar (5.64%), andnon-reducing sugar (4.03%). Similarly, in terms of foliar nutrient application, N₆ (Zinc sulphate @ 0.6%) thehighest,TSS (11.46°Brix), ascorbic acid (245.05 mg/100 g pulp), total sugar (9.73%), reducing sugar (5.69%), andnon-reducing sugar (4.04%).The minimum titratable acidity (0.38%)was recorded in N₆, whereas thehighest acidity (0.44%)was found in the control ( N 0 ). Pruning intensity Quality Nutrients Guava Foliar feeding Titratable acidity and Yield Introduction Guava ( Psidium guajava L.), often referred to as the " Apple of the Tropics " or the "Common Man’s Apple, " concern to the family Myrtaceae and is among of the most widely cultivated and consumed fruits in the world. Guava is one of the economically significant fruit crops in subtropical and tropical regions of India. Indigenous to Tropical America, particularly the region spreading from Mexico to Peru, guava has evolved into a commercially important fruit in various countries, including Brazil, Malaysia, the Hawaiian Islands, Mexico, China, Cubaand India (Rai et al. 2024). Its introduction to India is attributed to Portuguese explorers during the early 17th century (Tirkey et al. 2018).The family Myrtaceae, comprising about150 genera and around 5,650 species (Kumar et al. 2021), predominantly includes evergreen trees and shrubs that thrive in tropical and subtropical climates across the globe. The genus Psidium (2n = 2x = 22) comprises over150 species of fruit trees and shrubs, among which Psidium guajava L. is the major commercially cultivated and broadly researched species due to its nutritional value, adaptability, and diverse agro-climatic suitability.Pruning perform a vital role in maintaining an optimal balance between reproductive and vegetative growth in fruit crops. Light pruning is essential post-harvest, as it stimulates the emergence of new shoots and enhances canopy renewal. Shoot pruning not only contributes to size regulation of the tree and improvement in fruit quality, but also facilitates higher planting density by allowing more trees to be accommodated per unit area ( Lal et al. 2000). Foliar nutrient application has appeared as an increasingly important and cost-effective strategy in recent years for enhancing the nutritional management of fruit crops. It offers a practical and efficient means of circumventing issues related to soil nutrient availability while complementing conventional soil fertilization practices (Zagade et al. 2020).Macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are critical for promoting overall plant vigor, physiological functions, and yield potential. In parallel, micronutrients including zinc, boron, copper, iron, and molybdenum play highly specific and essential roles in regulating plant growth, metabolic activity, nutrient uptake efficiency, and the production of high-quality fruits. Material and Methods The field experiment was conducted during 2022–23 and 2023–24in a nine-year-old guava orchard with a planting distance of 3 m × 3 m, located at the Horticultural Orchard, Powarkheda, Narmadapuram, under theDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.). The experimental site is characterizedbydeep black Vertisol, clay-textured soilofmoderate fertility, uniformtopography, and absence of waterlogging, making it well-suitedforfruit crop experimentation. The experiment followed a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.The experimental design comprised two factors: pruning intensity and nutrient application. Pruning levels included: i.e.no pruning ((P 0 ), pruning at 25 cm (P 1 ), and pruning at 50 cm (P 2 ) shoot from tip. These were combined with thirteen nutrient treatments: a control (N o ); Urea at 2% (N 1 ) and 3% (N 2 ); Nano-urea at 0.2% (N 3 ) and 0.3% (N 4 ); Zinc at 0.4% (N 5 ) and 0.6% (N 6 ); Nano-zinc at 0.04% (N 7 ) and 0.06% (N 8 ); Iron at 0.3% (N 9 ) and 0.5% (N 10 ); and Nano-iron at 0.03% (N 11 ) and 0.05% (N 12 ).Pruning operations were uniformly carried out on April 27 in both years using secateurs to ensure consistency. Foliar nutrient applications were administered twice during both years—once before flowering and again after fruit set. Results and Discussion 1. Yield Attributes Analysis of pooled mean revealed significant impact ofpruningandfoliar feedingon theyield.(Tables 1 and 2 and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 ).Among the various pruning intensities, the treatment P₁ (pruning at 25 cm) recorded the maximum initial fruit set per shoot (9.83), fruit count per plant (174.53), fruit retention per shoot (7.93), yield/plant (25.10 kg), andyield/hectare (278.86 q/ha). In contrast, thelowest valuesfor these parameters were observed in P₀ (no pruning). Table 1 Pooled mean fruit yield parameter as influence by pruning and nutrients. Nutrients Factor B Pruning factor A Initial number of fruit set/ shoot Number of fruits / plant, Number of fruits retained per shoot (before harvesting), P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean N0(Control) 6.52 8.57 7.53 7.54 133.37 160.54 144.90 146.27 4.57 6.67 5.61 5.62 N1(2% Urea) 8.96 11.09 10.04 10.03 155.53 188.96 166.15 170.21 7.01 9.19 8.12 8.10 N2(3% Urea) 9.08 11.20 10.15 10.14 157.43 190.56 169.33 172.44 7.13 9.30 8.23 8.22 N3 (0.2%Nano urea) 8.14 9.87 8.82 8.94 146.67 176.38 157.54 160.19 5.99 7.97 6.90 6.95 N4 (0.3%Nano urea) 8.25 9.99 8.94 9.06 148.18 179.79 159.92 162.63 6.12 8.09 7.02 7.08 N5(0.4% Zinc) 8.78 10.90 9.85 9.84 151.66 181.49 160.77 164.64 6.83 9.00 7.93 7.92 N6 (0.6%Zinc) 8.85 11.02 9.97 9.94 153.25 186.62 163.27 167.71 6.22 9.12 8.05 7.79 N7(0.04%Nano zinc) 7.93 9.67 8.62 8.74 143.20 170.96 152.65 155.60 5.81 7.77 6.70 6.76 N8(0.06%Nano zinc) 8.05 9.78 8.73 8.85 145.30 173.64 156.05 158.33 5.99 7.88 6.81 6.89 N9 (0.3%Iron) 6.72 8.97 7.96 7.88 139.64 165.98 149.69 151.77 4.77 7.07 6.04 5.96 N10(0.5%Iron) 6.81 9.12 8.07 8.00 141.35 168.08 152.34 153.92 4.86 7.22 6.15 6.07 N11(0.03%NanoIron) 6.56 8.71 7.66 7.64 136.23 161.50 145.96 147.90 4.61 6.81 5.74 5.72 N12(0.05%Nano Iron) 6.64 8.84 7.81 7.76 137.69 164.43 147.83 149.98 4.69 6.94 5.89 5.84 Mean 7.79 9.83 8.78 145.35 174.53 155.87 5.74 7.93 6.86 P N PXN P N PXN P N PXN SEm( ± ) 0.005 0.010 0.017 0.153 0.318 0.551 0.008 0.017 0.029 CDat5% 0.013 0.027 0.047 0.427 0.890 1.541 0.022 0.046 0.080 Table 2 Pooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients. Nutrients FactorB Pruning factor A Days taken to fruit harvesting Yield (kg/plant-1) Yield (q/ha-1) P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean N0(Control) 123.50 122.50 120.50 122.17 17.92 21.31 20.30 19.84 199.14 236.74 225.54 220.47 N1(2% Urea) 118.83 117.67 115.00 117.17 23.57 29.29 27.33 26.73 261.85 325.39 303.60 296.95 N2(3% Urea) 120.50 119.17 116.83 118.83 24.26 29.89 28.21 27.45 269.49 332.07 313.41 304.99 N3 (0.2%Nano urea) 121.33 120.00 117.17 119.50 20.82 25.54 24.62 23.66 231.28 283.77 273.52 262.86 N4 (0.3%Nano urea) 121.67 120.33 118.17 120.06 21.32 26.61 25.32 24.42 236.83 295.66 281.32 271.27 N5(0.4% Zinc) 118.50 117.00 114.50 116.67 21.97 26.87 25.43 24.75 244.09 298.47 282.47 275.01 N6 (0.6%Zinc) 117.50 116.00 113.50 115.67 22.15 27.17 25.63 24.98 246.03 301.80 284.73 277.52 N7(0.04%Nano zinc) 120.17 118.83 116.50 118.50 19.93 24.21 23.20 22.45 221.47 269.00 257.77 249.41 N8(0.06%Nano zinc) 119.83 118.17 115.50 117.83 20.35 24.77 23.73 22.95 226.08 275.24 263.64 254.99 N9 (0.3%Iron) 122.17 121.17 119.17 120.83 19.19 22.94 22.21 21.45 213.21 254.86 246.77 238.28 N10(0.5%Iron) 121.83 120.83 118.50 120.39 19.58 23.47 22.61 21.89 217.51 260.71 251.22 243.15 N11(0.03%NanoIron) 123.00 122.17 120.17 121.78 18.52 21.83 21.12 20.49 205.78 242.49 234.67 227.65 N12(0.05%Nano Iron) 122.67 121.67 119.67 121.33 18.73 22.41 21.54 20.90 208.13 249.02 239.32 232.16 Mean 120.88 119.65 117.32 - 20.64 25.10 23.94 - 229.30 278.86 266.00 - N PXN N P N PXN N PXN N SEm( ± ) 0.115 0.239 0.414 0.048 0.100 0.174 0.072 0.150 0.260 CDat5% 0.321 0.668 NS 0.135 0.280 0.486 0.201 0.419 0.725 The enhancement and improvement in fruit yield were observed under moderate pruning thatrelated to the induction of a maximum number of flowering shoots, efficient utilization of stored assimilates for the emergence of vigorous new growth, enhanced light penetration into the canopy, and overall improvement in photosynthetic efficiency, all of which contribute to increased flower and fruit production (Singh et al.2020). Bagchiet al. (2008) observed a steady rise in tryptophan, proline, and peroxidase levels across leaf, bark, and fruit tissues following pruning, accompanied by a reduction in phenol content—physiological changes favorable for improved flowering and fruiting, thereby leading to higher yields. The enhanced yield under 25 cm pruning may also be explained by the redirection of assimilates towards the synthesis of fructose rather than cellulose, thereby enhancing the plant's capacity to synthesize carbohydrates. This physiological shift increases water, CO₂, and light utilization, promoting higher fruit production (Shinde et al.2020). The higher fruit count observed under light pruning may stem from a stable balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. This observation is consistent with Brar et al. (2007) , who similarly noted significant yield increases in pruned trees.Improved yield under P₁ may further be attributed to reduced intra-canopy competition for nutrients, enhanced vegetative growth, better branch spacing, and expanded fruit-bearing area. The open canopy structure and increased leaf surface area allowed greater light interception and photosynthate accumulation, as similarly reported by(Kumar and Rattanpal2010 ) in guava. In terms of foliar nutrient application, the highest values forinitial fruit set/ shoot (10.14),number of fruits/ plant (172.44), fruit retention per shoot (8.20), yield/plant (27.45 kg), andyield/hectare (304.99 q/ha)were observed withN₂ (Urea @ 3%). This may be related to the key role of N in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis, which promotes vegetative vigor and stimulates flower formation. Increased translocation of photo assimilates to the developing shoots likely enhanced fruit set, retention, and reduced fruit drop, resulting in higher yields (Jat and Kacha 2014).Foliar nutrient application may increase fruit set by stimulating profuse flowering and enhancing both pollen germination and pollen tube growth. These improvements facilitate timely fertilization before the stigma loses receptivity (Jat and Kacha 2014). Regarding the interaction effects, the combination P₁N₂ (25 cm shoot pruning + Urea @ 3%) proved to be the most effective, producing the maximum initial fruit set per shoot (11.20), fruit count per plant (190.56), fruit retention per shoot (9.30), yield/plant (29.89 kg), and estimated yield/hectare (332.07 q/ha). In contrast, the lowest values were observed under P₀N₀ (no pruning+ control). 2. Quality Attributes Analysis of pooled mean results concerning quality attributes in guava revealed noteworthy trends (Table 3 –4and illustrated in Figs. 3 – 4 ).With the respect of different pruning treatments, P₂ (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip) recorded the highest values for total soluble solids (11.47 °Brix), ascorbic acid (235.96 mg/100 g pulp),total sugars (9.67%),reducing sugars (5.64%), and non-reducing sugars (4.03%). The lowest values for these parameters were consistently observed in P₀ (no pruning ) . Conversely, titratable acidity was lowest (0.40%) in P₂ and highest (0.44%)inP₀. Table 3 Pooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients. Nutrients FactorB Pruning factor A Total soluble solids (0Brix) Acidity (%) Ascorbic acid(mg/100g pulp-1) P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean P0 (0 cm) P1 (25cm) P2 (50cm) Mean N0(Control) 9.12 9.79 10.27 9.72 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.46 216.86 219.09 222.54 219.49 N1(2% Urea) 10.62 11.44 11.88 11.31 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.39 238.40 241.99 241.81 240.73 N2(3% Urea) 10.44 11.24 11.71 11.13 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.40 233.98 236.72 239.12 236.61 N3 (0.2%Nano urea) 10.12 10.99 11.45 10.85 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.43 230.75 233.28 235.83 233.29 N4 (0.3%Nano urea) 10.04 10.88 11.37 10.76 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.43 229.16 231.69 234.24 231.69 N5(0.4% Zinc) 10.68 11.52 11.91 11.37 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.39 240.33 240.58 245.75 242.22 N6 (0.6%Zinc) 10.76 11.60 12.01 11.46 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.38 242.40 245.10 247.65 245.05 N7(0.04%Nano zinc) 10.52 11.32 11.76 11.20 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.40 235.00 239.01 240.22 238.08 N8(0.06%Nano zinc) 10.58 11.42 11.82 11.27 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.39 236.44 239.00 241.75 239.06 N9 (0.3%Iron) 9.87 10.72 11.27 10.62 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.45 225.07 227.60 230.15 227.60 N10(0.5%Iron) 9.94 10.80 11.34 10.69 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.44 226.92 229.45 233.58 229.98 N11(0.03%NanoIron) 9.78 10.59 11.16 10.51 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.46 220.75 223.28 225.83 223.29 N12(0.05%Nano Iron) 9.81 10.65 11.18 10.54 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.45 224.00 226.53 229.08 226.53 Mean 10.17 11.00 11.47 0.44 0.42 0.40 230.77 233.33 235.96 P N PXN P N PXN P N PXN SEm( ± ) 0.005 0.010 0.018 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.142 0.295 0.510 CDat5% 0.014 0.029 0.049 0.002 0.003 NS 0.395 0.823 NS Table 4 Pooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients. Nutrients Factor B Pruning factorA Total sugar (%) Reducing sugar (%) Non-reducing sugar (%) P 0 (0 cm) P 1 (25cm) P 2 (50cm) Mean P 0 (0 cm) P 1 (25cm) P 2 (50cm) Mean P 0 (0 cm) P 1 (25cm) P 2 (50cm) Mean N0(Control) 8.77 8.91 9.03 8.90 4.96 5.16 5.42 5.18 3.84 3.88 3.98 3.72 N1(2% Urea) 9.34 9.67 9.91 9.64 5.41 5.68 5.82 5.64 3.93 4.00 4.09 4.01 N2(3% Urea) 9.25 9.52 9.78 9.52 5.32 5.57 5.70 5.53 3.93 3.96 4.08 3.99 N3 (0.2%Nano urea) 9.22 9.44 9.71 9.45 5.30 5.51 5.64 5.48 3.92 3.93 4.07 3.97 N4 (0.3%Nano urea) 9.19 9.38 9.64 9.40 5.28 5.45 5.59 5.44 3.91 3.93 4.06 3.96 N5(0.4% Zinc) 9.37 9.70 9.96 9.68 5.39 5.69 5.87 5.65 3.98 4.01 4.09 4.03 N6 (0.6%Zinc) 9.41 9.75 10.02 9.73 5.43 5.72 5.92 5.69 3.98 4.03 4.10 4.04 N7(0.04%Nano zinc) 9.29 9.56 9.82 9.56 5.35 5.60 5.73 5.56 3.94 3.96 4.09 4.00 N8(0.06%Nano zinc) 9.32 9.62 9.87 9.60 5.37 5.63 5.77 5.59 3.96 3.99 4.09 4.01 N9 (0.3%Iron) 9.07 9.28 9.53 9.29 5.21 5.32 5.52 5.35 3.86 3.96 4.00 3.94 N10(0.5%Iron) 9.12 9.33 9.59 9.35 5.26 5.41 5.54 5.40 3.86 3.93 4.05 3.95 N11(0.03%NanoIron) 8.98 9.20 9.41 9.20 5.12 5.26 5.41 5.26 3.87 3.94 4.01 3.94 N12(0.05%Nano Iron) 9.04 9.25 9.47 9.25 5.17 5.29 5.46 5.31 3.87 3.96 4.02 3.95 Mean 9.18 9.43 9.67 5.27 5.48 5.64 3.91 3.95 4.03 P N PXN P N PXN P N PXN SEm( ± ) 0.003 0.007 0.012 0.004 0.008 0.014 0.001 0.002 0.003 CDat5% 0.009 0.019 0.033 0.011 0.023 0.039 0.002 0.005 0.008 The increase in TSS under moderate to severe pruning could be attributed to an enhanced leaf-to-fruit ratio, which boosts photosynthate production and nutrient uptake, leading to improved sugar accumulation and metabolitesynthesis by(Adhikari and Kandel 2015). These findings align with previous research conducted by (Prakashet al. 2012), (Singh and Kaur2019), and (Magadumet al. 2023). The decreasing in titratable acidity with increased pruning may be attributed to improved sugar accumulation and more effective starch-to-sugar conversion, along with reduced competition among shoots for light and nutrients by(Bhagawatiet al.2015), (Mahadevan and Kumar 2014). Similar trends were reported by(Kumar and Rattanpal2010),(Jayswalet al.2017). Regarding the foliar application of nutrients, the treatment N₆ (Zinc @ 0.6%) significantly improved all quality parameters. This treatment recorded the highest TSS (11.46 °Brix),ascorbic acid (245.05 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (9.73%), reducing sugars (5.69%), and non-reducing sugars (4.04%), with thelowest acidity (0.38%). The control treatment (N₀ ) consistently exhibited inferior quality metrics, including the highest acidity (0.44%). The significant improvement in T SS with zinc application may be due to its role in enzymatic activities that facilitate the conversion of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, thereby boosting metabolic processes by (Zagadeet al.2018). Zinc also contributes to lower acidity, consistent with findings from (Jat and Kacha2014). Zinc role in increasing ascorbic acid content is linked to its involvement in enzymatic systems and the biosynthesis of antioxidants, as reported by (Parmaret al.2014). Furthermore by Yadavet al.(2018) emphasized zinc’s significance in carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and hexokinase enzyme activity, contributing to improved fruit quality. The enhanced total sugar content observed in N₆ is likely due to zinc catalytic role in carbohydrate metabolismandchange of starch into sugars, a finding also by Ghatulet al.(2019). Similarly, the increase in reducing sugars may be attributed to zinc role in starch hydrolysis, while the improvement in non-reducing sugarlevelsmay be linked to reverse glycolysis and respiratory conversion pathways(Jat and Kacha 2014). Regarding the treatment combination P₂N ₆ (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip + foliar application of 0.6% zinc) recorded the highest values for total soluble solids (12.01 °Brix), ascorbic acid (247.65 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (10.00%), reducing sugars (5.90%), andnon-reducing sugars (4.10%).In contrast, minimum values for these parameters were recorded under the control (P₀N₀). Regarding fruit quality, the P₂N₆ treatment resulted in the lowest titratable acidity (0.36%), while the maximum acidity (0.44%) was observed in the P₀N₀. Conclusions Thus, the various combinations of pruning intensity and foliar nutrient application, the treatment P₁N₂(pruning at 25 cm + 3% urea) exhibited a significant enhancement in yield attributes. This treatment recorded the maximum initial fruit set/ shoot(11.20),number of fruits/ plant (190.56), fruit retention per shoot (9.30), individual plant yield (29.89 kg/plant), and estimated yield/hectare (332.07 q/ha). In contrast, the lowest valueswere observed under treatment P₀N₀ (no pruning + no nutrient application).Regarding harvest maturity, the earliest fruit maturity was achieved in P₂N₆ (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip + 0.6% zinc), requiring only 113.50 days, whereas the longest duration to fruit maturity (123.50 days) was recorded under P₀N₀.In terms of fruit quality parameters, the treatment combination P₂N₆ produced the highest total soluble solids (12.01°Brix), ascorbic acid content (247.65 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (10.00%), reducing s ugars(5.90%), and non-reducing sugars (4.10%). Conversely, the lowest values for all these quality indices were recorded in the control ( P₀N₀ ). Furthermore, titratable acidity was found to be lowest (0.36%) in P₂N₆, while the maximum acidity (0.44%) was observed in control ( P 0 N 0 ). Declarations Author Contribution Shobharam Anjanawe is owner of this research trial and its manuscript is my own Ph.D. research trial.Chandra Shekhar Pandey is help in statistical calculation of data.Reena Nair prepare and layout of figures.Asheesh Sharma is help in taken observations during trial.Sunil Kumar Pandey is help to analysis of physiological parameters of research trial.Vikas Jain is prepare tables. References Adhikari S, Kandel TP (2015) Effect of time and level of pruning on vegetative growth, flowering, yield and quality of guava. International Journal of Fruit Science , 15 :290–301. Brar JS,ThakurA,Arora NK(2007)Effect of pruning intensity on fruit yield and quality of guava ( Psidiumguajava L.) cv. Sardar. Haryana Journal ofHorticultural Sciences 36 (1/2) :65-66. 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Shinde M K, Dheware R M, Jadhav AR (2020) Effect of different levels of pruning on growth, flowering, and yield of guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar.The Pharma Innovation Journal 9(1): 312-314. Tirkey NR, Kanpure RN, Kachouli BK, Bhandari J, Patidar DK (2018) Effect of foliar nutrition of zinc sulphate, borax and NAA on yield and quality of guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda.International Journal of Chemical Studies 6 (4): 2295-2298. Yadav VK, Jain MC, Sharma MK, Suman M (2018) Effect of micronutrients spray on physical and chemical characteristics of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L .) cv. Sindhuri.International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7: 998-1005. Zagade PM, Munde GR, Sajana S (2018) Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield and quality of guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar.InternationalJournalof CurrentMicrobiologyandAppliedSciences 6: 1733-1737. Zagade P M, Munde GR, Sajana S, Shirsath A H (2020) Influence of foliar application of various micronutrients on economics of guava. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 9(2): 1508-1509. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files 1.jpg Pooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients. 2.jpg Pooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients. 3.jpg Pooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients. 4.jpg Pooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 23 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 19 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8639119","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":581135903,"identity":"71166bee-bd93-4a1f-a069-86d7f382ad22","order_by":0,"name":"Shobharam Anjanawe","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACCTDJfADElCFFC1sCiMlDil08BmCSoDr52YefPbCouSNvcLzn86sbNRY8DOyHj27Ap8XgXJq5gcSxZ4YbzpzdZp1zDOgwnrS0G3i18DCYSUiwHWacOSN3m3EOG1CLBI8ZXi3yPezfJCT+HbafOf/NM+Ocf0RoYTjDYyYh2XY4sV+Ch/lxbhsRWgzO8JRJSPYdTu7nSTNjzu2T4GEj5Begw7ZJS3w7bNvGfvjx55xvdXL87IeP4XcYEDBDopKBDUyzEVIOAowfoFo/EKN6FIyCUTAKRh4AAHDEQz9/FYAcAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shobharam","middleName":"","lastName":"Anjanawe","suffix":""},{"id":581135904,"identity":"fccbba19-a431-405f-9dee-eb24d68957d3","order_by":1,"name":"Chandra Shekhar Pandey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa 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09:47:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2077111,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8639119/v1/35d2a972-4794-4712-bb68-3496997f4417.pdf"},{"id":101942720,"identity":"afb7c672-b0c8-4d90-a933-bc155c9b634e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-05 09:35:16","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":138563,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8639119/v1/7afd5db196a78ffa2e2c0108.jpg"},{"id":101403132,"identity":"84fd628a-a951-44b0-92f6-989d3ae2d7b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-29 10:18:53","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":151282,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8639119/v1/2db01f2f85d3bf5a4442704d.jpg"},{"id":101403134,"identity":"2501f1f4-10f3-4cce-961f-63faac3f4d50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-29 10:18:53","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":126963,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8639119/v1/aded1c85114d8ddfab1c7065.jpg"},{"id":101751500,"identity":"b5aab4d2-6634-43ae-ad12-0f72d4d9a464","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 10:20:48","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":147946,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8639119/v1/37a521d68ccb2a24bb9d5492.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Impact of Pruning Intensity and Foliar Nutrient Application on Yield and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGuava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava\u003c/em\u003e L.), often referred to as the \u003cb\u003e\"\u003c/b\u003eApple of the Tropics\u003cb\u003e\"\u003c/b\u003e or the \"Common Man\u0026rsquo;s Apple,\u003cb\u003e\"\u003c/b\u003econcern to the family Myrtaceae and is among of the most widely cultivated and consumed fruits in the world. Guava is one of the economically significant fruit crops in subtropical and tropical regions of India. Indigenous to Tropical America, particularly the region spreading from Mexico to Peru, guava has evolved into a commercially important fruit in various countries, including Brazil, Malaysia, the Hawaiian Islands, Mexico, China, Cubaand India (Rai et al. 2024). Its introduction to India is attributed to Portuguese explorers during the early 17th century (Tirkey et al. 2018).The family Myrtaceae, comprising about150 genera and around 5,650 species (Kumar et al. 2021), predominantly includes evergreen trees and shrubs that thrive in tropical and subtropical climates across the globe. The genus \u003cem\u003ePsidium\u003c/em\u003e (2n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22) comprises over150 species of fruit trees and shrubs, among which \u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava\u003c/em\u003e L. is the major commercially cultivated and broadly researched species due to its nutritional value, adaptability, and diverse agro-climatic suitability.Pruning perform a vital role in maintaining an optimal balance between reproductive and vegetative growth in fruit crops. Light pruning is essential post-harvest, as it stimulates the emergence of new shoots and enhances canopy renewal. Shoot pruning not only contributes to size regulation of the tree and improvement in fruit quality, but also facilitates higher planting density by allowing more trees to be accommodated per unit area \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eLal et al. 2000). Foliar nutrient application has appeared as an increasingly important and cost-effective strategy in recent years for enhancing the nutritional management of fruit crops. It offers a practical and efficient means of circumventing issues related to soil nutrient availability while complementing conventional soil fertilization practices (Zagade et al. 2020).Macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are critical for promoting overall plant vigor, physiological functions, and yield potential. In parallel, micronutrients including zinc, boron, copper, iron, and molybdenum play highly specific and essential roles in regulating plant growth, metabolic activity, nutrient uptake efficiency, and the production of high-quality fruits.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe field experiment was conducted during 2022\u0026ndash;23 and 2023\u0026ndash;24in a nine-year-old guava orchard with a planting distance of 3 m \u0026times; 3 m, located at the Horticultural Orchard, Powarkheda, Narmadapuram, under theDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.). The experimental site is characterizedbydeep black Vertisol, clay-textured soilofmoderate fertility, uniformtopography, and absence of waterlogging, making it well-suitedforfruit crop experimentation. The experiment followed a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.The experimental design comprised two factors: pruning intensity and nutrient application. Pruning levels included: i.e.no pruning ((P\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e), pruning at 25 cm (P\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e), and pruning at 50 cm (P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) shoot from tip. These were combined with thirteen nutrient treatments: a control (N\u003csub\u003eo\u003c/sub\u003e); Urea at 2% (N\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and 3% (N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e); Nano-urea at 0.2% (N\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and 0.3% (N\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e); Zinc at 0.4% (N\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) and 0.6% (N\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e); Nano-zinc at 0.04% (N\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e) and 0.06% (N\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e); Iron at 0.3% (N\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e) and 0.5% (N\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e); and Nano-iron at 0.03% (N\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e) and 0.05% (N\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e).Pruning operations were uniformly carried out on April \u003cb\u003e27\u003c/b\u003e in both years using secateurs to ensure consistency. Foliar nutrient applications were administered twice during both years\u0026mdash;once before flowering and again after fruit set.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e1. Yield Attributes\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of pooled mean revealed significant impact ofpruningandfoliar feedingon theyield.(Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and illustrated in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).Among the various pruning intensities, the treatment P₁ (pruning at 25 cm) recorded the maximum initial fruit set per shoot (9.83), fruit count per plant (174.53), fruit retention per shoot (7.93), yield/plant (25.10 kg), andyield/hectare (278.86 q/ha). In contrast, thelowest valuesfor these parameters were observed in P₀ (no pruning).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePooled mean fruit yield parameter as influence by pruning and nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrients Factor B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePruning factor A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial number of fruit set/ shoot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of fruits / plant,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of fruits retained per shoot (before harvesting),\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e 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colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.14\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e157.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e172.44\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.22\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN3 (0.2%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.94\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e176.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e 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\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.88\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e151.77\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.96\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN10(0.5%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e153.92\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.07\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN11(0.03%NanoIron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.64\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e147.90\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.72\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN12(0.05%Nano Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.76\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e149.98\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.84\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.79\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.83\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.78\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e145.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e174.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e155.87\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.74\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.93\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.86\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm( \u0026plusmn; )\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.551\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCDat5%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.427\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePooled mean fruit yield attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrients FactorB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePruning factor A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDays taken to fruit harvesting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield (kg/plant-1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield (q/ha-1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP0\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN0(Control)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e122.17\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e 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Urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e118.83\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e269.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e313.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e304.99\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN3 (0.2%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e119.50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23.66\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e283.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e262.86\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN4 (0.3%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e 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colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e271.27\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN5(0.4% Zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e116.67\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22.95\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e275.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e254.99\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN9 (0.3%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e120.83\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e213.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e254.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e246.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e238.28\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN10(0.5%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e120.39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21.89\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e217.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e260.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e251.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e243.15\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN11(0.03%NanoIron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e121.78\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.49\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e227.65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN12(0.05%Nano Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e121.33\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.90\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e249.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e239.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e232.16\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e120.88\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e119.65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e117.32\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.64\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25.10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23.94\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229.30\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e278.86\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e266.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm( \u0026plusmn; )\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCDat5%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.668\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.280\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.725\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe enhancement and improvement in fruit yield were observed under moderate pruning thatrelated to the induction of a maximum number of flowering shoots, efficient utilization of stored assimilates for the emergence of vigorous new growth, enhanced light penetration into the canopy, and overall improvement in photosynthetic efficiency, all of which contribute to increased flower and fruit production (Singh et al.2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBagchiet al. (2008) observed a steady rise in tryptophan, proline, and peroxidase levels across leaf, bark, and fruit tissues following pruning, accompanied by a reduction in phenol content\u0026mdash;physiological changes favorable for improved flowering and fruiting, thereby leading to higher yields.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe enhanced yield under 25 cm pruning may also be explained by the redirection of assimilates towards the synthesis of fructose rather than cellulose, thereby enhancing the plant's capacity to synthesize carbohydrates. This physiological shift increases water, CO₂, and light utilization, promoting higher fruit production (Shinde et al.2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe higher fruit count observed under light pruning may stem from a stable balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. This observation is consistent with \u003cb\u003eBrar et al. (2007)\u003c/b\u003e, who similarly noted significant yield increases in pruned trees.Improved yield under P₁ may further be attributed to reduced intra-canopy competition for nutrients, enhanced vegetative growth, better branch spacing, and expanded fruit-bearing area. The open canopy structure and increased leaf surface area allowed greater light interception and photosynthate accumulation, as similarly reported by(Kumar and Rattanpal2010\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e in guava.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of foliar nutrient application, the highest values forinitial fruit set/ shoot (10.14),number of fruits/ plant (172.44), fruit retention per shoot (8.20), yield/plant (27.45 kg), andyield/hectare (304.99 q/ha)were observed withN₂ (Urea @ 3%). This may be related to the key role of N in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis, which promotes vegetative vigor and stimulates flower formation. Increased translocation of photo assimilates to the developing shoots likely enhanced fruit set, retention, and reduced fruit drop, resulting in higher yields (Jat and Kacha 2014).Foliar nutrient application may increase fruit set by stimulating profuse flowering and enhancing both pollen germination and pollen tube growth. These improvements facilitate timely fertilization before the stigma loses receptivity (Jat and Kacha 2014).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the interaction effects, the combination P₁N₂ (25 cm shoot pruning\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Urea @ 3%) proved to be the most effective, producing the maximum initial fruit set per shoot (11.20), fruit count per plant (190.56), fruit retention per shoot (9.30), yield/plant (29.89 kg), and estimated yield/hectare (332.07 q/ha). In contrast, the lowest values were observed under P₀N₀ (no pruning+ control).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2. Quality Attributes\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of pooled mean results concerning quality attributes in guava revealed noteworthy trends (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;4and illustrated in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).With the respect of different pruning treatments, P₂ (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip) recorded the highest values for total soluble solids (11.47 \u0026deg;Brix), ascorbic acid (235.96 mg/100 g pulp),total sugars (9.67%),reducing sugars (5.64%), and non-reducing sugars (4.03%). The lowest values for these parameters were consistently observed in P₀ (no pruning\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e. Conversely, titratable acidity was lowest (0.40%) in P₂ and highest (0.44%)inP₀.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning and nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrients FactorB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePruning factor A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal soluble solids (0Brix)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcidity (%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAscorbic acid(mg/100g pulp-1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(25cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(50cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(25cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(50cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(25cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(50cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN0(Control)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.72\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.46\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e222.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e219.49\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN1(2% Urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.31\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e238.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e240.73\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN2(3% Urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.13\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e239.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e236.61\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN3 (0.2%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.85\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.43\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e233.29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN4 (0.3%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.76\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.43\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e231.69\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN5(0.4% Zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.37\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e245.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e242.22\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN6 (0.6%Zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.46\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.38\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e245.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e247.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e245.05\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN7(0.04%Nano zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e 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zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.27\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e239.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e239.06\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN9 (0.3%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.62\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e227.60\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN10(0.5%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.69\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.44\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229.98\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e223.29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN12(0.05%Nano Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.54\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e224.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e226.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.17\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.47\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.44\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.42\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e230.77\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e 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align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm( \u0026plusmn; )\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.510\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCDat5%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.395\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.823\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePooled mean quality attributes as influence by pruning intensity and foliar feeding of nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrients Factor B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePruning factorA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal sugar (%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReducing sugar\u003c/b\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNon-reducing sugar (%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(25cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(50cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN0(Control)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.90\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.18\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.72\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN1(2% Urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.64\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.64\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN2(3% Urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.52\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.99\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN3 (0.2%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.48\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.97\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN4 (0.3%Nano urea)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.44\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.96\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN5(0.4% Zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.68\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN6 (0.6%Zinc)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.73\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.59\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN9 (0.3%Iron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e 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colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.95\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN11(0.03%NanoIron)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e 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\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePXN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm( \u0026plusmn; )\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCDat5%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe increase in TSS under moderate to severe pruning could be attributed to an enhanced leaf-to-fruit ratio, which boosts photosynthate production and nutrient uptake, leading to improved sugar accumulation and metabolitesynthesis by(Adhikari and Kandel 2015). These findings align with previous research conducted by (Prakashet al. 2012), (Singh and Kaur2019), and (Magadumet al. 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe decreasing in titratable acidity with increased pruning may be attributed to improved sugar accumulation and more effective starch-to-sugar conversion, along with reduced competition among shoots for light and nutrients by(Bhagawatiet al.2015), (Mahadevan and Kumar 2014). Similar trends were reported by(Kumar and Rattanpal2010),(Jayswalet al.2017).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the foliar application of nutrients, the treatment N₆ (Zinc @ 0.6%) significantly improved all quality parameters. This treatment recorded the highest TSS (11.46 \u0026deg;Brix),ascorbic acid (245.05 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (9.73%), reducing sugars (5.69%), and non-reducing sugars (4.04%), with thelowest acidity (0.38%). The control treatment (N₀\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e consistently exhibited inferior quality metrics, including the highest acidity (0.44%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significant improvement in T\u003cb\u003eSS\u003c/b\u003e with zinc application may be due to its role in enzymatic activities that facilitate the conversion of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, thereby boosting metabolic processes by (Zagadeet al.2018). Zinc also contributes to lower acidity, consistent with findings from (Jat and Kacha2014).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZinc role in increasing ascorbic acid content is linked to its involvement in enzymatic systems and the biosynthesis of antioxidants, as reported by (Parmaret al.2014). Furthermore by Yadavet al.(2018) emphasized zinc\u0026rsquo;s significance in carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and hexokinase enzyme activity, contributing to improved fruit quality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe enhanced total sugar content observed in N₆ is likely due to zinc catalytic role in carbohydrate metabolismandchange of starch into sugars, a finding also by Ghatulet al.(2019). Similarly, the increase in reducing sugars may be attributed to zinc role in starch hydrolysis, while the improvement in non-reducing sugarlevelsmay be linked to reverse glycolysis and respiratory conversion pathways(Jat and Kacha 2014).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the treatment combination P₂N\u003cb\u003e₆\u003c/b\u003e (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;foliar application of 0.6% zinc) recorded the highest values for total soluble solids (12.01 \u0026deg;Brix), ascorbic acid (247.65 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (10.00%), reducing sugars (5.90%), andnon-reducing sugars (4.10%).In contrast, minimum values for these parameters were recorded under the control (P₀N₀). Regarding fruit quality, the P₂N₆ treatment resulted in the lowest titratable acidity (0.36%), while the maximum acidity (0.44%) was observed in the P₀N₀.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThus, the various combinations of pruning intensity and foliar nutrient application, the treatment P₁N₂(pruning at 25 cm\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;3% urea) exhibited a significant enhancement in yield attributes. This treatment recorded the maximum initial fruit set/ shoot(11.20),number of fruits/ plant (190.56), fruit retention per shoot (9.30), individual plant yield (29.89 kg/plant), and estimated yield/hectare (332.07 q/ha). In contrast, the lowest valueswere observed under treatment P₀N₀ (no pruning\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;no nutrient application).Regarding harvest maturity, the earliest fruit maturity was achieved in P₂N₆ (pruning at 50 cm from the shoot tip\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.6% zinc), requiring only 113.50 days, whereas the longest duration to fruit maturity (123.50 days) was recorded under P₀N₀.In terms of fruit quality parameters, the treatment combination P₂N₆ produced the highest total soluble solids (12.01\u0026deg;Brix), ascorbic acid content (247.65 mg/100 g pulp), total sugars (10.00%), reducing \u003cb\u003es\u003c/b\u003eugars(5.90%), and non-reducing sugars (4.10%). Conversely, the lowest values for all these quality indices were recorded in the control \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eP₀N₀\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e Furthermore, titratable acidity was found to be lowest (0.36%) in P₂N₆, while the maximum acidity (0.44%) was observed in control \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eP\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eShobharam Anjanawe is owner of this research trial and its manuscript is my own Ph.D. research trial.Chandra Shekhar Pandey is help in statistical calculation of data.Reena Nair prepare and layout of figures.Asheesh Sharma is help in taken observations during trial.Sunil Kumar Pandey is help to analysis of physiological parameters of research trial.Vikas Jain is prepare tables.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003eAdhikari S, Kandel TP (2015) Effect of time and level of pruning on vegetative growth, flowering, yield and quality of guava. International Journal of Fruit Science\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e:290–301.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBrar JS,ThakurA,Arora NK(2007)Effect of pruning intensity on fruit yield and quality of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidiumguajava\u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Sardar. Haryana Journal ofHorticultural Sciences\u003cstrong\u003e36 (1/2)\u003c/strong\u003e:65-66.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBagchi TB, Sukul P,Ghosh B (2008) Biochemical changes during off-season flowering in guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidiumguajava\u003c/em\u003eL.) induced by bending and pruning. Journal of Tropical Agriculture \u003cstrong\u003e46 (1-2):\u003c/strong\u003e 64-66.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBhagawati R, BhagawatiK, Choudhary VK, Rajkhowa DJ, Sharma R (2015) Effect of pruning intensities on the performance of fruit plants under mid-hill condition of eastern Himalayas: case study on guava. International Letters of Natural Sciences \u003cstrong\u003e46:\u003c/strong\u003e46-51.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGhatul ID, Jagtap VS, Padekar VD,Ghorpade SB (2019) Effect of different levels of pruning on quality of pomegranate (\u003cem\u003ePunicagranatum\u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Super bhagwa. International Journal of Chemical Studies\u003cstrong\u003e7(5):\u003c/strong\u003e 2899-2902.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJat G ,Kacha HL (2014) Response of guava to foliar application of urea and zinc on fruit set, yield and quality. Journal of Agri. Search\u003cstrong\u003e1(2):\u003c/strong\u003e 86-91.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJayswal DK, Sharma DP, Sharma TR, Dwevedi AK, Gontia AS, Lal N (2017) Effect of pruning intensity and nutrition on quality of guava fruit cv. Allahabad Safeda under central Narmada Valley of Madhya Pradesh.International Journal of Chemical Studies\u003cstrong\u003e5(4):\u003c/strong\u003e 483-486.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKumar Y,Rattanpal HS (2010) Effect of pruning in guava planted at different spacing’s under Punjab conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture\u003cstrong\u003e67:\u003c/strong\u003e 115– 119\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKumar S, Kumar A, Pandey V, Alam K, Kumar S, Chandra A,Maurya U (2021) Impact of pruning on seasonal growth and fruiting behaviour of guava varieties. The Pharma Innovation Journal\u003cstrong\u003e10(11):\u003c/strong\u003e 2035-2038.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLal S, Tiwari J P, Mishra, K K (2000) Effect of plant spacing and pruning intensity on fruit yield and quality of guava.Progressive Horticulture\u003cstrong\u003e32:\u003c/strong\u003e20-25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMahadevan A, Kumar S (2014) Effect of crop regulation and fertigation on quality characters of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava \u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Sardar.Trends in Biosciences \u003cstrong\u003e7(15):\u003c/strong\u003e2000-2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMagadum B, Kanpure RN , Singh OP, Kachouli BK, Bhandari J (2023) Effects of pruning intensity and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava\u003c/em\u003e L.) cv. Sardar. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(3): 813-820. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrakash S, Kumar V, Saroj PL, Sirohi SC (2012) Response of yield and quality of winter guava to severity of summer pruning.Indian Journal Horticulture\u003cstrong\u003e69\u003c/strong\u003e:173-176.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParmar JM, Karetha KM, Rathore PJ (2014) Effect of urea and zinc treatments on biochemical components of guava fruits cv. Bhavnagar red.InternationalJournal of Forestry and Crop Improvement\u003cstrong\u003e5(2):\u003c/strong\u003e61-64.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRai RK, Pandey SK, Pandey CS, Samaiya RK, Upadhyay AK (2024) Optimization of fruit growth and developments of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava \u003c/em\u003eL.) cv.L-49 using fertilizer and bioinoculants. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology \u003cstrong\u003e17(03):\u003c/strong\u003e01-04.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingh A, Kaur A (2019) Effect of pruning intensity and time on yield and quality of guava cv. L-49.Research on Crop \u003cstrong\u003e20 (3):\u003c/strong\u003e 525-530. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingh A, Singh S, Kaur A (2020) Effect of pruning on yield attributes in guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research\u003cstrong\u003e7(3):\u003c/strong\u003e246-252.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShinde M K, Dheware R M, Jadhav AR (2020) Effect of different levels of pruning on growth, flowering, and yield of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava \u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Sardar.The Pharma Innovation Journal\u003cstrong\u003e9(1):\u003c/strong\u003e 312-314.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTirkey NR, Kanpure RN, Kachouli BK, Bhandari J, Patidar DK (2018) Effect of foliar nutrition of zinc sulphate, borax and NAA on yield and quality of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava \u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Allahabad Safeda.International Journal of Chemical Studies\u003cstrong\u003e6 (4):\u003c/strong\u003e 2295-2298. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYadav VK, Jain MC, Sharma MK, Suman M (2018) Effect of micronutrients spray on physical and chemical characteristics of pomegranate (\u003cem\u003ePunica granatum L\u003c/em\u003e.) cv. Sindhuri.International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences\u003cstrong\u003e7:\u003c/strong\u003e 998-1005.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZagade PM, Munde GR, Sajana S (2018) Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield and quality of guava (\u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava \u003c/em\u003eL.) cv. Sardar.InternationalJournalof CurrentMicrobiologyandAppliedSciences 6: 1733-1737.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZagade P M, Munde GR, Sajana S, Shirsath A H (2020) Influence of foliar application of various micronutrients on economics of guava. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry \u003cstrong\u003e9(2):\u003c/strong\u003e1508-1509.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":false,"email":"","identity":"applied-fruit-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Applied Fruit Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"VoR Journals","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Pruning intensity, Quality, Nutrients, Guava, Foliar feeding, Titratable acidity and Yield","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8639119/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8639119/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA comprehensivefield investigationwas conducted during2022\u0026ndash;23 and 2023\u0026ndash;24to assess the effect ofpruningandfoliar feedingon theyield and quality of guava.The pruning treatment P₁ (25 cm shoot pruning)exhibited significantly superior performance, recording th\u003cb\u003ee\u003c/b\u003e highest initial fruit set/ shoot (9.83), number of fruit/plant (174.53), fruit retention per shoot (7.93), yield/ plant (25.10 kg), andyield/ hectare (278.86 q/ha). Conversely, the lowest values for these parameters were recorded under P₀ (no pruning). Among the nutrient treatments, N₂ (Urea @ 3%),maximum initial fruit set per shoot (10.14), number fruit per plant (172.44), fruit retention per shoot (8.20), yield/plant (27.45 kg), and estimated yield/hectare (304.99 q/ha). With regard tofruit quality parameters, pruning at50 cm (P₂)resulted in thehighest TSS (11.47\u0026deg;Brix), ascorbic acid (235.96 mg/100 g pulp), total sugar (9.67%), reducing sugar (5.64%), andnon-reducing sugar (4.03%). Similarly, in terms of foliar nutrient application, N₆ (Zinc sulphate @ 0.6%) thehighest,TSS (11.46\u0026deg;Brix), ascorbic acid (245.05 mg/100 g pulp), total sugar (9.73%), reducing sugar (5.69%), andnon-reducing sugar (4.04%).The minimum titratable acidity (0.38%)was recorded in N₆, whereas thehighest acidity (0.44%)was found in the control \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eN\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of Pruning Intensity and Foliar Nutrient Application on Yield and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-29 10:18:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8639119/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177644760121101195610437007288661498247","date":"2026-03-27T10:31:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-19T16:22:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"212217910420607634596028691752491459423","date":"2026-03-13T06:26:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"188675108614822013723285699911227246417","date":"2026-01-27T11:56:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-27T07:27:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T04:28:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T04:27:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Applied Fruit Science","date":"2026-01-19T11:36:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":false,"email":"","identity":"applied-fruit-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Applied Fruit Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"VoR Journals","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"739fbb1d-fcce-4fc5-b82e-5fc89d54e25d","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-29T10:18:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-29 10:18:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8639119","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8639119","identity":"rs-8639119","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}