Long-Term Electromyographic Monitoring of the Stapedius Reflex via Implanted Electrodes in Sheep: Toward Objective Autonomous Cochlear Implant Fitting

Objective: fitting measures offer a means to circumvent the subjectivity of cochlea implant programming, with the stapedius reflex representing one robust predictor of the maxi-mum comfortable loudness level. With the present study, it was investigated whether long-term electromyographic measurements of the stapedius muscle using implanted electrodes are feasible. In nine sheep, myoelectrical activities were recorded intraopera-tively and synchronized with middle-ear admittance as a reference signal. For acoustic stimulation pure tones with different frequencies were used. The electrodes were placed at the stapedius muscle surface after exposing it via the retrofacial approach. Measurements were performed over a period of six months. The treated muscles were subsequently ex-cised, cut and examined histologically. Long-term electromyographic measurements were possible. No signs of atrophy were found in the muscles examined. However, the histo-logical section series showed a clear division of the muscle from proximal to distal. The ratio between tendon and muscle fibers being most pronounced in favor of the muscle fi-bers in the proximal section. The integration of an electromyography-based measurement method for the objective determination of the stapedius reflex threshold and thus, for the long-term adjustment of cochlear implants, appears fundamentally possible and could potentially enable largely autonomous fitting of the implants.