Association of Ca-125 Levels and Clinico-Pathological Presentation of Females with Endometriosis

Introduction: Endometriosis is an estrogen-based disorder, resulting in severe pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, along with infertility. The level of CA-125 in serum has been cited as a biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of disease and different clinico-pathological relationships among women suffering from endometriosis. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at GCS Medical College over 1 year, from June 2024 to August 2025, involving 50 clinically diagnosed endometriosis patients undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy. Preoperative serum CA-125 levels were measured, with 35 U/mL as the upper limit. Clinical, radiological, and intraoperative findings, disease stage, adhesion severity, and pain scores were correlated with CA-125 levels using appropriate statistical tests, with p 40 years: 53.84 ± 11.98; p = 0.72) or marital status (single: 36.92 ± 11.88 vs married: 42.15 ± 5.12; p = 0.81). In contrast, CA-125 increased significantly with advancing endometriosis stage (p < 0.001) and higher adhesion scores (p = 0.03). Lesion size was significantly associated with CA-125 levels (p = 0.03), whereas clinical complaints (p = 0.23) and VAS pain scores (p = 0.68) were not. Conclusion: The study has concluded that the CA-125 level in serum is a significant marker for the severity of disease and the pathological challenge for endometriosis. This does not correlate with different demographic parameters or the intensity of pain.