Frequency and Voltage Regulation via a New Control Approach based on Active and Reactive Power Tracking

Frequency and Voltage Regulation via a New Control Approach based on Active and Reactive Power Tracking | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Frequency and Voltage Regulation via a New Control Approach based on Active and Reactive Power Tracking Amgad Aboraya, abdelazim salem This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper addressed for enhancing a real power system through a new control technique to regulate the terminal voltage and frequency of synchronous generator (SG) by tracking combination of active and reactive power demand. The new control approach depends on mathematical model derivation of cross coupling or nonlinearity between active and reactive power control loops to obtain the value of control parameters (𝐾 1 , 𝐾 2 , 𝐾 3 and 𝐾 4 ). According to mathematical derivation, these parameters are mainly represented by the rate of change of active and reactive power demand. To regulate the voltage and frequency of power system, 𝐾 1 , 𝐾 2 , 𝐾 3 and 𝐾 4 additionally adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been adopted for automatic active and reactive power generation control at normal operation and load disturbance ((0.8 + 𝑗0.6) ± 5%)𝑝𝑢 . As a criterion for system validation, performance indices such as settling time (𝑇𝑆), peak overshoot (𝑀 𝑃 ) and peak undershoot (𝑈 𝑃 ) of the change in SG terminal voltage and the frequency deviation are compared with the previous recent related works. Finally, the robustness of the new control approach is validated by sensitivity analysis through wide load variations ((𝑃𝑅𝑒𝑓 & 𝑄𝑅𝑒𝑓) ± 50%) from its nominal load power disturbances for the same parameters. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Active power demand Reactive power demand Synchronous generator voltage and frequency regulation Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Sensitivity analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7491726","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":516473903,"identity":"0c5b9d14-cb94-47eb-b6cd-7d795ed56d17","order_by":0,"name":"Amgad Aboraya","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABKklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACHoYDCA4/AzOIx0yCFskGtgQStRgc4FHAq4V/2vGLH97U3JEzbz9j+IGh4o7d5uM9bBIMFdaJDeztF7BpkbidUyw559gzY5kzOcYSDGeeJW87c/YYkJGe2MBzpgCrNbdzEqR52A4nzmDIMZBgbDucbHYjLw3ESGyQyEnApkP+dk7yb55/QC38b4x/MP47nGw8I8dMAshIbJB/g1WLwe30Y9K8QDNnSIBUNhy2M4AygLawH8CmxfB2Dpvl3L5nxhISz8osEo4dTpA4cywZyEg3buPJweoVudvpj2+8+XZHToI/efONDzWH7fnbmw8CGday/ezHH2DVw8BjAGVwGDAA3Z7YAGKDPMGGkEID7A9QGPbYpEbBKBgFo2BkAwBjr2vBxq6bJAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"October 6 University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amgad","middleName":"","lastName":"Aboraya","suffix":""},{"id":516473904,"identity":"3a2d28da-5d1c-47b8-9e84-ff0914753f35","order_by":1,"name":"abdelazim salem","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"October 6 University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"abdelazim","middleName":"","lastName":"salem","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-29 22:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101752563,"identity":"0eed1132-72eb-4eb2-b638-a7deab88e5e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 10:28:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2665691,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptdataavalability.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7491726/v1_covered_e72bbd83-2202-437a-96b5-18302e09ed85.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Frequency and Voltage Regulation via a New Control Approach based on Active and Reactive Power Tracking","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Active power demand, Reactive power demand, Synchronous generator, voltage and frequency regulation, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Sensitivity analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper addressed for enhancing a real power system through a new control \u0026nbsp;technique to regulate the terminal voltage and frequency of synchronous generator (SG) by tracking \u0026nbsp;combination of active and reactive power demand. The new control approach depends on \u0026nbsp;mathematical model derivation of cross coupling or nonlinearity between active and reactive power \u0026nbsp;control loops to obtain the value of control parameters (𝐾\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, 𝐾\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, 𝐾\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and 𝐾\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e). According to \u0026nbsp;mathematical derivation, these parameters are mainly represented by the rate of change of active \u0026nbsp;and reactive power demand. To regulate the voltage and frequency of power system, 𝐾\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, 𝐾\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, 𝐾\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and 𝐾\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e additionally adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been adopted for automatic \u0026nbsp;active and reactive power generation control at normal operation and load disturbance \u0026nbsp;((0.8 + 𝑗0.6) ± 5%)𝑝𝑢 . As a criterion for system validation, performance indices such as settling \u0026nbsp;time (𝑇𝑆), peak overshoot (𝑀\u003csub\u003e𝑃\u003c/sub\u003e) and peak undershoot (𝑈\u003csub\u003e𝑃\u003c/sub\u003e) of the change in SG terminal voltage and \u0026nbsp;the frequency deviation are compared with the previous recent related works. Finally, the \u0026nbsp;robustness of the new control approach is validated by sensitivity analysis through wide load \u0026nbsp;variations ((𝑃𝑅𝑒𝑓 \u0026amp; 𝑄𝑅𝑒𝑓) ± 50%) from its nominal load power disturbances for the same \u0026nbsp;parameters.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Frequency and Voltage Regulation via a New Control Approach based on Active and Reactive Power Tracking","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-18 09:31:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7491726/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f6de0394-1151-4341-9360-0ebb2de4dfb3","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":54874271,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":54874272,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-31T17:54:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-18 09:31:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7491726","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7491726","identity":"rs-7491726","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}