Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, India: A Grey Relational Analysis Perspective

Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, India: A Grey Relational Analysis Perspective | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, India: A Grey Relational Analysis Perspective Kambam Boxen Meetei, Meribeni Tsopoe, Girish Chandra, Debaaditya Mukhopadhyay, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract An in-depth understanding of carbon dynamics and ecosystem productivity is essential for conservation and management of different ecosystems. Ecosystem dynamics and carbon budget are assessed by estimating Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) across different global ecosystems. An ecological productivity assessment of forest and floating meadow ecosystems in Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), Manipur, North East India was conducted using the multi-criteria decision-making process namely, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The analysis was performed on 24 selected criterions classified either as "higher-the-better" or "lower-the-better" based on their degree of influence on the carbon budget. Floating meadows exhibited a higher production of aboveground and belowground biomass and a higher total mortality and decay. Furthermore, the study found that floating meadows exhibited a higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and net soil organic matter (SOM) than the forest ecosystem. The forest ecosystem showed higher total respiration (R T ), heterotrophic respiration (R H ), and autotrophic respiration (R A ) than floating meadows. Floating meadows exhibited a higher net primary productivity (NPP) of 616.49 ± 33.87 gCm⁻²yr⁻¹ than the forest ecosystem, which has a NPP of 566.64 ± 65.26 gCm⁻²yr⁻¹. Similarly, Floating meadows have higher NEP (495.25 ± 36.46 gCm − ²yr⁻¹) than forest ecosystems (418.39 ± 65.76 gCm − ²yr⁻¹). These characteristics have a significant influence on the carbon budget in floating meadows as compared to forest ecosystems, as shown by larger values of Grey Relational Coefficient (GRC) in GRA. The Floating Meadows Ecosystem (0.82) obtained 54.72% percentage gain in GRG value with the forest ecosystem (0.53). This study might help in improving KLNP and other adjutant areas for conservation and management policies from the vital information given on the importance of wetlands in carbon dynamics and ecosystem productivity. Net Ecosystem Productivity Carbon budget Wetlands Floating Meadows Forest Ecosystem Grey Relational Analysis Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Tables 1 to 5 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Table.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 12 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 11 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 11 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 11 Oct, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5184342","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":364819085,"identity":"08aaf37f-c876-410e-95e1-005c6962237e","order_by":0,"name":"Kambam Boxen Meetei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rain Forest Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kambam","middleName":"Boxen","lastName":"Meetei","suffix":""},{"id":364819087,"identity":"812c18bf-12fe-4479-bfea-197cda1616a1","order_by":1,"name":"Meribeni Tsopoe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rain Forest Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meribeni","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsopoe","suffix":""},{"id":364819089,"identity":"2e187664-1e75-4ade-917e-6f9c6ce865c7","order_by":2,"name":"Girish Chandra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Delhi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Girish","middleName":"","lastName":"Chandra","suffix":""},{"id":364819092,"identity":"65f7f73d-07c4-42a5-8df8-0099c44a16a4","order_by":3,"name":"Debaaditya Mukhopadhyay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rain Forest Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Debaaditya","middleName":"","lastName":"Mukhopadhyay","suffix":""},{"id":364819093,"identity":"09a4deec-db0e-45a5-9c05-a3085a4c7117","order_by":4,"name":"Krishna Giri","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Krishna","middleName":"","lastName":"Giri","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-01 03:53:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13608-9","type":"published","date":"2025-01-07T15:58:03+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66576220,"identity":"4cf5ee4a-7060-49c6-8dca-10882ce6c8c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:38:09","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":544838,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe map illustrates the study area to (a) India, (b) the boundaries of Manipur state, (c) Bishnupur district and (d) study area map of KLNP with sampling locations\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/35f0d4345a277df493abdc2e.png"},{"id":66576219,"identity":"d79b2069-8434-437a-82e3-1e8432f5f0d2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:38:09","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":136366,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe methodology and conceptual framework for estimating NEP and ranking floating meadows and forest ecosystems of KLNP using GRA\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/6660e2a11735f6556373be56.png"},{"id":66574763,"identity":"3f88a9c4-27eb-485b-9173-66041344181d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:22:09","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":35329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSeasonal distribution of Aboveground (AG) and Belowground (BG) live and dead biomass (g C m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e season\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) in floating meadows. Error bars indicate standard error of mean\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/916a1fdedc5bba1d3629c6aa.png"},{"id":66575749,"identity":"f8a07e75-b173-462d-b4b2-4bd7ece0df9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:30:09","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37948,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSeasonal litter biomass (gCm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e) in floating meadows and forest ecosystems. Error bars indicate standard error of mean\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/2898a0db796abdc0ce8906cc.png"},{"id":66574765,"identity":"3b8ad478-824d-4712-a7ea-a3e23916ad77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:22:09","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":542416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSpatial distribution of Net Ecosystem Production (NEP, gCm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003eyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) across KLNP\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/edf10933a09c236f8491b66b.png"},{"id":66575750,"identity":"7539fa80-8143-4f52-96ea-cf5a1c153581","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:30:09","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53182,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grey Relational Coefficients (distinguish coefficients =0.5) for both floating meadows and forest ecosystems across different parameters\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/ad286b9c7f44980144962246.png"},{"id":73694127,"identity":"0f4a2b15-41c1-4792-97a6-9621dca17289","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:11:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":840402,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptEv.Mon.Assessment.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1_covered_43ff7b00-e32a-411f-8d6d-4d2a55369948.pdf"},{"id":66574762,"identity":"39c10227-aedc-4471-af2a-a0324b7f879e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-14 12:22:09","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":19431,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5184342/v1/2b633d591be6de50747d4443.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 1 to 5 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, India: A Grey Relational Analysis Perspective","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Net Ecosystem Productivity, Carbon budget, Wetlands, Floating Meadows, Forest Ecosystem, Grey Relational Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAn in-depth understanding of carbon dynamics and ecosystem productivity is essential for conservation and management of different ecosystems. Ecosystem dynamics and carbon budget are assessed by estimating Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) across different global ecosystems. An ecological productivity assessment of forest and floating meadow ecosystems in Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), Manipur, North East India was conducted using the multi-criteria decision-making process namely, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The analysis was performed on 24 selected criterions classified either as \"higher-the-better\" or \"lower-the-better\" based on their degree of influence on the carbon budget. Floating meadows exhibited a higher production of aboveground and belowground biomass and a higher total mortality and decay. Furthermore, the study found that floating meadows exhibited a higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and net soil organic matter (SOM) than the forest ecosystem. The forest ecosystem showed higher total respiration (R\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e), heterotrophic respiration (R\u003csub\u003eH\u003c/sub\u003e), and autotrophic respiration (R\u003csub\u003eA\u003c/sub\u003e) than floating meadows. Floating meadows exhibited a higher net primary productivity (NPP) of 616.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;33.87 gCm⁻\u0026sup2;yr⁻\u0026sup1; than the forest ecosystem, which has a NPP of 566.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;65.26 gCm⁻\u0026sup2;yr⁻\u0026sup1;. Similarly, Floating meadows have higher NEP (495.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.46 gCm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026sup2;yr⁻\u0026sup1;) than forest ecosystems (418.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;65.76 gCm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026sup2;yr⁻\u0026sup1;). These characteristics have a significant influence on the carbon budget in floating meadows as compared to forest ecosystems, as shown by larger values of Grey Relational Coefficient (GRC) in GRA. The Floating Meadows Ecosystem (0.82) obtained 54.72% percentage gain in GRG value with the forest ecosystem (0.53). This study might help in improving KLNP and other adjutant areas for conservation and management policies from the vital information given on the importance of wetlands in carbon dynamics and ecosystem productivity.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Ecosystem Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, India: A Grey Relational Analysis Perspective","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-14 12:22:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5184342/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-11-12T08:20:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-12T05:17:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-11T16:11:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-11T10:49:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"46773969771455491873107655526874692167","date":"2024-10-22T06:36:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201774796394320511329449650991471113307","date":"2024-10-21T16:47:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"300880743420441337312042177764894633690","date":"2024-10-21T03:38:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-10-20T05:22:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-10-11T06:04:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-10-11T06:04:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","date":"2024-10-01T03:51:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"28aee035-705b-4225-a177-c2cbe7e1a18a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 14th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-13T16:04:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5184342","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13608-9","journal":{"identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},"publishedOn":"2025-01-07 15:58:03","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 7th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-14 12:22:04","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13608-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13608-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5184342","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5184342","identity":"rs-5184342","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}