Method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer based on BDS GEO satellites

Method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer based on BDS GEO satellites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer based on BDS GEO satellites Pei Wei, Haixue Wang, Shuo Ding, Xuhai Yang, Baoqi Sun, Weijin Qin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4672853/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Research on time and frequency transfer between stations through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier-phase observation data has been a hot topic for many years. However, the estimation of ambiguity has always been a challenge. Unlike Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou System (BDS) is a hybrid constellation with GEOstationary (GEO) satellites included. By virtue of the stationary characteristics of BDS GEO satellites, the method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer is proposed in this paper. With this method, high-precision time and frequency transfer can be achieved by utilizing the carrier-phase observation data from BDS GEO satellites and the precise products of the International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS). The advantages are as follows. 1) Unlike traditional GNSS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites, BDS GEO satellites are always visible within their coverage area. Therefore, there will only be one ambiguity for this method over long periods of 1 month or more, which can be calibrated as a systematic error; 2) By using BDS GEO satellites, the time transfer results will not be affected by the phase wind-up effect. With sites in Europe and China, experiments based this method are performed, and the results show that: 1) For zero and ultra-short baselines, the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the proposed method are better than 0.1ns; 2) For the short baseline (33 km), the performance of the proposed method is comparable to Two Way Optical Time and Frequency Transfer; 3) For the long baseline (700 km and 1750 km), the performance of the proposed method is better than Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer; 4) For inter-continental baselines (over 7000 km), the RMS value of the residuals with respect to Precise Point Positioning time transfer is at the sub-nanosecond level. BDS GEO Precise Common-View Time Transfer ambiguity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4672853","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":330417412,"identity":"5836923c-9156-4256-b0fd-b7c5cbf3509f","order_by":0,"name":"Pei Wei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Time Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""},{"id":330417413,"identity":"466edfdd-d2a5-400b-86f4-834f8770c0fb","order_by":1,"name":"Haixue Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Time Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haixue","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":330417414,"identity":"041a5906-db06-4648-b9b9-a54959aaa78f","order_by":2,"name":"Shuo Ding","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Ding","suffix":""},{"id":330417415,"identity":"23777223-d588-4992-989c-c498a798841a","order_by":3,"name":"Xuhai Yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCCtK1nGGQIFEHYxspWgxuJD97+HXenTr59gOMH34w2OURoSXN3Fh22zMJgzMJzJI9DMnFRGhJMJOW3HZYwgDoNGkGhgOJDYS1pH+TlpxzWEJ+BgPzbyK15JhJfmw4LMFwg4GNOFskz7wpk2Y4dlhyw5nENsseg2TCWviOp2+T/FFzmF++/fDhGz8q7AhrUbiQwMDMA2YyAhUbEFIPBPL9BxgYfxChcBSMglEwCkYwAACeoD0KU17SZQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"National Time Service Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuhai","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":330417416,"identity":"a251efa1-7ab6-4884-8102-058ce2137b2b","order_by":4,"name":"Baoqi Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Time Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Baoqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":330417417,"identity":"a45ef3f6-4335-4b16-9645-c46cf6c1795a","order_by":5,"name":"Weijin Qin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Time Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weijin","middleName":"","lastName":"Qin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-02 08:54:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4672853/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4672853/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62993808,"identity":"d314c728-2c51-4b32-bd2e-48a3effcf5be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 00:14:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2896353,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PCVGPSS1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4672853/v1_covered_44fbadc4-bd25-4208-b38c-9430bbdccfde.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Method of precise common-view time and frequency transfer based on BDS GEO satellites","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"BDS, GEO Precise Common-View Time Transfer, ambiguity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4672853/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4672853/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eResearch on time and frequency transfer between stations through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier-phase observation data has been a hot topic for many years. 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