Roles of Ce1-xZrxO2/SBA-15 in selective catalytic glycerol conversion to lactic acid process: Process behaviors and kinetic analyses

Roles of Ce1-xZrxO2/SBA-15 in selective catalytic glycerol conversion to lactic acid process: Process behaviors and kinetic analyses | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Roles of Ce 1-x Zr x O 2 /SBA-15 in selective catalytic glycerol conversion to lactic acid process: Process behaviors and kinetic analyses Syamima Nasrin Mohamed Saleh, Fakhrony Solahuddin Sholahudin Rohman, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4190661/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Jul, 2024 Read the published version in Waste and Biomass Valorization → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The surge in glycerol production from oleochemical industry prompted the aggressive search for new value-added derivatives such as lactic acid. A series of novel Ce 1 − x Zr x O 2 catalysts on mesoporous SBA-15 were synthesized and tested in a 50 mL reactor for up to 2 hours for oxidative lactic acid synthesis from glycerol. A suitable kinetic model to represent the reaction was identified and kinetic parameters were calculated. The 10Ce 1 − x Zr x O 2 /SBA-15 catalyst, at a 15 wt.% catalyst-to-glycerol ratio, exhibited impressive activity, achieving 94.2% glycerol conversion and 45.3% lactic acid yield at 260°C. The reaction model shows good agreement with experimental data across various reaction conditions (R 2 values between 0.90 and 1.00). Based on a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the selective conversion of glycerol to lactic acid was found to have an activation energy of 165.3 kJ/mol, with a high R 2 value of 0.94 which was lower than some reported results. Selective glycerol conversion glycerol to lactic acid ordered mesoporous catalyst synergistic roles process model reaction kinetics Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Full Text Additional Declarations Tables 1 to 3 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Tables.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Jul, 2024 Read the published version in Waste and Biomass Valorization → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Apr, 2024 Editor invited by journal 01 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 01 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 29 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4190661","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":288150936,"identity":"79b7f010-0516-41fd-a9fb-e14e64451dc9","order_by":0,"name":"Syamima Nasrin Mohamed Saleh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Syamima","middleName":"Nasrin Mohamed","lastName":"Saleh","suffix":""},{"id":288150937,"identity":"97a7c09d-f3aa-4c7e-bbc2-f2ba77a79452","order_by":1,"name":"Fakhrony Solahuddin Sholahudin Rohman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti 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loadings\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/567b4054a897a2f95e9b399b.jpg"},{"id":54427291,"identity":"0e7a1c48-3c3c-4faa-85a2-f3904b2ee404","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2061496,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFESEM micrographs of (a) SBA-15 support, (b) 5Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (c) 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (d) 20Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (e) 30Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, and (f) 40Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalysts at a magnification of 10000X\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/a267ce8420b99d5028542ff0.jpg"},{"id":54427292,"identity":"764963e4-f20e-43da-b736-01c93eb8aad2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2355809,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTEM micrographs of (a) SBA-15 support, (b) 5Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (c) 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (d) 20Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (e) 30Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, and (f) 40Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalysts at a magnification of 40000X\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/92a95baa4f9d34bd5586f517.jpg"},{"id":54427297,"identity":"74924fb4-2ebe-4892-8266-f126ce8b3e44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":581848,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFTIR spectra of (a) SBA-15 support, (b) 5Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (c) 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (d) 20Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, (e) 30Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, and (f) 40Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalysts\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/ae9aa892a2140b03a914959d.jpg"},{"id":54427299,"identity":"19bec9e9-703e-42e4-aa6d-238f3ccffb7e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":940283,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePerformance of 5Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, 20Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, 30Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15, and 40Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalysts on selective glycerol-to-lactic acid oxidation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/d574e45f8ee05b7708114b97.jpg"},{"id":54427293,"identity":"34e8c93a-5c75-4801-a49f-ae413b7c6449","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1025140,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePerformance of 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalyst on selective glycerol-to-lactic acid oxidation at different catalyst loadings relative to the amount of glycerol\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/2a4d635142b8eac6133eafda.jpg"},{"id":54427294,"identity":"951301c1-506f-4ab0-a95f-b51780d9b0f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":548257,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePerformance of 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalyst on selective glycerol-to-lactic acid oxidation at different reaction temperatures\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/17877d199e5dd29f54f5a6ef.jpg"},{"id":54427298,"identity":"bbce25d4-4d2b-4d55-95e9-f7f4d33f704c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":547479,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe comparison between the experimental and simulated glycerol conversion profiles at: (a) 240 ⁰C, (b) 250 ⁰C, (c) 260 ⁰C, and (d) 270 ⁰C\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/511c268d1337e2f77c4d0fff.jpg"},{"id":54427295,"identity":"7388ad32-c675-4736-b1ef-1519ba95afe5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":605671,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe comparison between the experimental and simulated lactic acid yield profiles at: (a) 240 ⁰C, (b) 250 ⁰C, (c) 260 ⁰C, and (d) 270 ⁰C\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/0eb75d4dd346652a98ab32ce.jpg"},{"id":54427300,"identity":"807cf52f-41ac-40e7-83b9-533e8c2af597","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:13","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":274144,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLinearized Arrhenius equation plot\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/db156f191f8b0078c0cc7501.jpg"},{"id":54427296,"identity":"7c718c44-c736-4898-b506-1195242f9661","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":584797,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe comparison between the experimental and simulated glycerol conversion profiles at (a) 240 ⁰C, (b) 250 ⁰C, (c) 260 ⁰C, and (d) 270 ⁰C\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure11.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/a36e68078b487c9a3a178042.jpg"},{"id":61596552,"identity":"5e948c83-5757-48ff-948d-8612e580f6bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-01 17:28:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":10784876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MainManuscriptWasteBiomassValor.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1_covered_792f6a1a-e4a6-4884-81be-1c66db779224.pdf"},{"id":54427290,"identity":"89a93f9a-726e-4b06-a5d9-7f4396a9b29b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-10 09:37:12","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":20627,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4190661/v1/da79f188445a0bae59e6dd79.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eTables 1 to 3 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eRoles of Ce\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 in selective catalytic glycerol conversion to lactic acid process: Process behaviors and kinetic analyses\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Selective glycerol conversion, glycerol to lactic acid, ordered mesoporous catalyst, synergistic roles, process model, reaction kinetics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4190661/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4190661/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe surge in glycerol production from oleochemical industry prompted the aggressive search for new value-added derivatives such as lactic acid. A series of novel Ce\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e catalysts on mesoporous SBA-15 were synthesized and tested in a 50 mL reactor for up to 2 hours for oxidative lactic acid synthesis from glycerol. A suitable kinetic model to represent the reaction was identified and kinetic parameters were calculated. The 10Ce\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/SBA-15 catalyst, at a 15 wt.% catalyst-to-glycerol ratio, exhibited impressive activity, achieving 94.2% glycerol conversion and 45.3% lactic acid yield at 260\u0026deg;C. The reaction model shows good agreement with experimental data across various reaction conditions (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e values between 0.90 and 1.00). Based on a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the selective conversion of glycerol to lactic acid was found to have an activation energy of 165.3 kJ/mol, with a high R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e value of 0.94 which was lower than some reported results.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Roles of Ce1-xZrxO2/SBA-15 in selective catalytic glycerol conversion to lactic acid process: Process behaviors and kinetic analyses","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-10 09:37:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4190661/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-04-06T14:01:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-06T06:16:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2024-04-01T23:50:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-01T08:05:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2024-03-30T01:19:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f4c7c87a-d8f9-4490-baed-ec442bfb9242","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-01T17:13:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4190661","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-024-02651-9","journal":{"identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization"},"publishedOn":"2024-07-25 16:16:58","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 25th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-10 09:37:07","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12649-024-02651-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-024-02651-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4190661","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4190661","identity":"rs-4190661","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}