The global, regional, and national testicular cancer burden and trends from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract Background:To assess the disease burden of Testicular Cancer (TC) from 1990 to 2019. Methods:Global, regional and national age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (DALYs) from 1990-2019 were used to analyze the disease burden of TC, combined with decomposition analyses and frontier analyses. Results: The global ADIR, ASPR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs in 2019 were 2.79 (2.36,3.33), 21.24 (17.59,25.94), 0.28 (0.26,0.31), and 14.24 (12.91,15.98), respectively. The burden of disease varied by region and country, with Central Europe and Southern Latin America having higher than expected levels. Chile, Tonga, and Monaco were among the countries with a higher disease burden. Decomposition analysis showed population growth as the main factor for changing age-standardized DALYs. Frontier analysis showed that age-standardized DALYs in different countries have much room for improvement, especially in Tonga and Kiribati. The global ADIR, ASPR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs are projected to be 3.13, 24.08, 0.29, and 15.01 by 2030. Conclusions: TC remains a global public problem. There are significant regional and national differences, and therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of TC.