Liposome Encapsulated Insulin- a viable option for an intranasal insulin delivery system

Liposome Encapsulated Insulin- a viable option for an intranasal insulin delivery system | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Liposome Encapsulated Insulin- a viable option for an intranasal insulin delivery system Saptarshi Roy Choudhury, Bhawya Jha, Poonima Shyam, Anand Thiyagaraj This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8963844/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread condition marked by high blood sugar due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production. Traditional insulin therapy through injections is effective but often causes discomfort, fear, and poor compliance. This study introduces a non-invasive nasal delivery system using liposome-encapsulated insulin to overcome these challenges. A custom microfluidic chip was designed to produce uniform, stable insulin-loaded liposomes. Biocompatibility and angiogenic effects were evaluated using the CAM assay on chicken embryos, which showed healthy vascular development without adverse effects. Further in vivo testing on the embryonic model confirmed a significant drop in blood glucose levels after administration. This approach offers a promising, pain-free alternative to injectable insulin, with the potential to improve patient adherence and therapeutic outcomes in managing Type 2 diabetes. Insulin Liposome Microfluidics Diabetes In vivo model Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files supplimentaryinformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8963844","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":613961036,"identity":"807d855a-01f0-4ce2-a61a-3fe53fbb3f13","order_by":0,"name":"Saptarshi Roy Choudhury","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saptarshi","middleName":"Roy","lastName":"Choudhury","suffix":""},{"id":613961037,"identity":"6629adb6-5cf0-4c63-86f2-5e756524b650","order_by":1,"name":"Bhawya Jha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhawya","middleName":"","lastName":"Jha","suffix":""},{"id":613961038,"identity":"99fb8155-8645-4b0f-a2ed-c13187ffa1f3","order_by":2,"name":"Poonima Shyam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Poonima","middleName":"","lastName":"Shyam","suffix":""},{"id":613961039,"identity":"23fea3f5-fb3a-468b-b5b9-f243964740f2","order_by":3,"name":"Anand Thiyagaraj","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACHgYbIMnYwAAhIQwCWhLSIIoPkKDlMIRxgIEI9fyzm589ePvjvL35tMPNnz8w2MhuOMDc9gCfFok7x8wN5yTcTpxzO7FN4gBDmvGGA4ztBnituZFgJs2TcDtBQjqxDeiww4lALW0S+HTI30j/BtRyzh6opfnDAYb/hLUY3MgB2XKAcYZ0YgPQYQcIazG8kVMmOSctORGopU3ijEGy8czDBLTI3UjfJvHGxg7osPTHHyoq7GT7jrc/w6sF3Z1AzEyC+lEwCkbBKBgF2AEAEUNNN6BZcDUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anand","middleName":"","lastName":"Thiyagaraj","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-25 06:23:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8963844/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8963844/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106094187,"identity":"02013a01-1edb-408a-ae74-366f28584222","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-03 11:41:33","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":595859,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Draft1revised.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8963844/v1_covered_0629a384-e592-49d9-9779-9f634cb96134.pdf"},{"id":105760699,"identity":"5c82c8ad-44e7-4f8b-b345-6b8f16701b84","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-30 18:07:47","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":4340248,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplimentaryinformation.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8963844/v1/4cb0ecf4c57b2f571c74328c.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Liposome Encapsulated Insulin- a viable option for an intranasal insulin delivery system","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Insulin, Liposome, Microfluidics, Diabetes, In vivo model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8963844/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8963844/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eType 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread condition marked by high blood sugar due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production. 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