Prognostic Impact and Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Observational Study

Prognostic Impact and Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Observational Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prognostic Impact and Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Observational Study Mehmet Ruhat Kose¹, Emre Demir¹, Osman Alperen Gülgör, Mehmet Akyüzlüer¹, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7244280/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: The prognostic significance of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains unclear. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 183 patients who underwent successful TAVI between December 2012 and October 2021 were evaluated. Echocardiographic assessments were performed pre-procedurally, in the early (0–3 months) and late (>3 months) post-procedural periods. Patients were categorized according to MR and TR severity. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. Results: Over a median follow-up of 2.26 years, 68 patients (37.2%) reached the primary endpoint. Event rates were higher in patients with moderate/severe MR (49.2%) and TR (45.1%) compared to those with no/mild regurgitation. However, adjusted analyses did not reveal a significant association between baseline MR or TR severity and the primary outcome. Improvement in MR was observed in 20.3% (early) and 38.8% (late), and in TR in 17.8% (early) and 30.9% (late) follow-up. Nevertheless, improvements in MR or TR severity were not significantly associated with survival. Beta-blocker use and left atrial dilation predicted MR improvement, whereas elevated tricuspid regurgitant velocity was a negative predictor for TR improvement. Conclusion: Baseline MR and TR severity were not independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Although regurgitation severity improved after TAVI, this did not affect survival. Thus, MR or TR should not be considered contraindications for TAVI. Aortic valve stenosis Mitral regurgitation Transcatheter aortic valve implantation Tricuspid regurgitation Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease requiring surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) in Europe and North America ( 1 ). Severe AS is defined in clinical guidelines based on echocardiographic criteria, and valve replacement is often recommended accordingly. In appropriate patients—particularly the elderly or those with multiple comorbidities—TAVI is recommended as an alternative to surgical valve replacement ( 2 , 3 ). The increased systolic pressure load in severe AS progressively leads to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. If this pathophysiological process persists, it may result in LV dilation, left atrial enlargement, and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), or may exacerbate preexisting primary MR. LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction also lead to increased left atrial pressure, which over time may cause secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe MR in patients undergoing surgical or interventional treatment for severe AS has been reported to range from 2–33% in various studies. In the PARTNER Cohort A study, 19.6% of patients in the TAVI group and 21.2% in the SAVR group had moderate-to-severe MR ( 4 ). In a registry study by René Vollenbroich involving 603 patients, 36% of those who underwent TAVI had secondary MR ( 5 ). Similarly, in a large French registry study by Juqian Zhang et al., which included 42,866 patients who underwent TAVI, the rate of moderate-to-severe MR was reported to be 19.2% ( 6 ). The reported prevalence of moderate-to-severe TR in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI varies across studies. While the prevalence of isolated severe TR is approximately 15–16%, moderate-to-severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation has been shown to be present in approximately 20–60% of patients undergoing TAVI ( 7 , 8 ). Moderate-to-severe MR prior to surgery or TAVI in patients with severe AS has been identified in several studies as an independent risk factor for increased mortality. However, some studies have shown no significant relationship between moderate-to-severe MR and mortality following surgical valve replacement ( 4 , 9 , 10 ). Similar controversies exist regarding the prognostic impact of moderate-to-severe TR on mortality and hospitalization rates in TAVI patients ( 7 , 11 ). The relationship between the severity of MR and TR before and after TAVI and outcomes such as mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate changes in echocardiographic parameters before and after successful TAVI and to investigate the prognostic significance of observed changes in MR and TR severity. METHODS This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted in the Cardiology Department of Ege University Faculty of Medicine between December 2012 and October 2021. A total of 201 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who were either at high surgical risk or deemed unsuitable for surgery were screened, and 183 patients who met the criteria were included. Following the approval of the institutional ethics committee of Ege University (Date: 20/10/2022), patient data were retrospectively collected between October 2022 and February 2023. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and pre- and post-procedural echocardiographic parameters were obtained from electronic medical records. Inclusion Criteria Patients were included if they were over 18 years of age, had undergone a successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure for severe AS between December 2012 and October 2021, and had available follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data post-TAVI. According to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC-3) criteria, successful TAVI was defined as a mean transvalvular pressure gradient (ΔP) < 20 mmHg, peak aortic velocity (AVmax) < 3 m/s on echocardiographic assessment of the bioprosthetic valve, and the absence of moderate or severe aortic regurgitation or major device-related cardiovascular complications ( 12 ). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk scores were recalculated for all patients. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined based on coronary angiography findings showing any obstructive plaque, a history of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤ 50% was considered indicative of heart failure history. Echocardiographic Assessment TTE examinations were reviewed at three time points: pre-procedural, early post-procedural (within the first 3 months), and late post-procedural (after 3 months). All assessments were conducted by two independent cardiologists. Chamber dimensions, cardiac measurements, aortic valve stenosis severity, right ventricular function, and mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation parameters were measured according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. The severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was re-evaluated using quantitative parameters based on pre-procedural TTE reports. Patients were categorized as having none/mild MR, moderate/severe MR, none/mild TR, or moderate/severe TR based on the pre-procedural TTE. Changes observed in TTE parameters within 3 months post-procedure were classified as early changes, while those observed beyond 3 months were classified as late changes. An improvement in regurgitation severity was defined as an improvement of ≥ 1 grade; no change in severity was defined as stable; and a worsening of ≤ 1 grade was classified as deterioration. Primary and Secondary Endpoints The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of hospitalization due to heart failure and all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint included hospitalization due to heart failure and all-cause mortality following the procedure, as defined by VARC-3. All data were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the impact of pre-procedural MR and TR severity on the primary and secondary endpoints in patients who underwent successful TAVI. Additionally, the effect of TAVI on changes in MR and TR during early and late TTE follow-up was assessed, along with the relationship of these changes to the primary endpoint and the clinical and echocardiographic predictors of improvement. Statistical analysis Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0 and Medcalc 19. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the distribution. Continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviations or medians with interquartile ranges, and categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. Group comparisons employed the Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. A two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Survival curves for the endpoints were analyzed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Cox regression models were utilized to compute hazard ratios (HR) presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Variables significant in univariate analyses were included in multivariate forward and backward stepwise regression to identify predictors of primary endpoints and mitigate overfitting and collinearity. Binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant parameters associated with the achievement of the primary endpoint through a multivariate approach. Predicted probabilities were calculated based on the identified significant variables. RESULTS Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of the Patients Between December 2012 and October 2021, 201 patients who underwent TAVI were evaluated. A total of 183 patients who met the study criteria were included. According to pre-procedural TTE findings, patients were categorized based on mitral regurgitation (MR) as 120 patients (66.3%) with none/mild MR and 61 patients (33.7%) with moderate/severe MR. Based on tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity, 131 patients (72%) had none/mild TR and 51 patients (28%) had moderate/severe TR (Fig. 1 .). The mean age of the patients was 77.6 ± 6 years, with 81 patients (44.3%) being male. The mean BMI was 27.8 ± 5.8 kg/m². The mean STS score was 5.3 ± 3. In subgroup analysis, patients with moderate/severe MR had a higher STS score (6.9 ± 3.4) compared to those with none/mild MR (4.5 ± 2.8) (p = 0.001). Similarly, the STS score was higher in the moderate/severe TR group (7.1 ± 4.5) than in the none/mild TR group (4.6 ± 2.3) (p = 0.001). Median NT-proBNP level was 1747 ng/L (range 47–60,000), but was significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe MR (3583 ng/L) and TR (6616 ng/L) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). A total of 23 patients (12.6%) had an intracardiac device, which was more frequent in the moderate/severe TR group (21.6%) (p = 0.02). Rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, renal disease, and chronic pulmonary disease were 82.4%, 42.6%, 58.5%, 22.4%, and 18%, respectively, with no significant differences between groups (Tables 1.1 –1.2). Table 1.1 Baseline Characteristics Parameters Total N:183 MR None/Mild N:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe N:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild N:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe N:51 28% P value Age (years) Mean ± ss 77,6 ± 6 77 ± 6,7 78,8 ± 6,4 0,08 77,2 ± 6,4 78,7 ± 7,1 0,65 Gender/ M , n(%) 81 (44,3%) 47 (39,2%) 32 (52,5%) 0,11 51 (41,2%) 26 (51%) 0,24 BMI kg/m 2 Ortalama ± ss 27,8 ± 5,8 28,9 ± 5,9 27,4 ± 5,7 0,87 28,8 ± 5,9 27,1 ± 5,5 0,62 BSA m 2 Mean ± ss 1,8 ± 0,1 1,8 ± 0,1 1,8 ± 0,2 0,16 1,8 ± 0,1 1,8 ± 0,2 0,25 STS Score Mean ± ss 5,3 ± 3 4,5 ± 2,8 6,9 ± 3,4 0,001 4,6 ± 2,3 7,1 ± 4,5 0,001 NYHA 1–2 , n(%) 92 (50,3%) 70 (58,3%) 21 (34,4%) 0,003 78 (59,5%) 14 (27,5%) 0,001 NYHA 3–4 , n(%) 91 (49,7%) 50 (41,7%) 40 (65,6%) 53 (40,5%) 37 (72,5%) CAD , n (%) 135 (75,8%) 84 (73%) 49 (80,3%) 0,35 94 (74%) 40 (80%) 0,44 LVEF < 50% , n(%) 43 (24,7%) 19 (16,7%) 24 (41,4%) 0,001 25 (20,5%) 18 (35,3%) 0,05 AF , n(%) 37 (20,4%) 18 (15%) 18 (31%) 0,01 16 (12,3%) 20 (40,8%) 0,001 NT-proBNP ng/L Median, Q1-Q3 1747 (47-60000) 1361(47-35335) 3583(114-60069) 0,01 1385(47-35000) 6616(114-60069) 0,001 Device 23 (12,6%) 14 (11,7%) 9 (14,8%) 0,91 12 (9,2%) 11 (21,6%) 0,02 PPM , n(%) 18 (9,8%) 11 (9,2%) 7 (11,5%) 11 (8,4%) 7 (13,7%) ICD , n(%) 3 (1,6%) 2 (1,7%) 1 (1,6%) 0 3 (5,9%) CRT-D , n(%) 2 (1,1%) 1 (0,8%) 1 (1,6%) 1 (0,8%) 1 (2%) * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. MR = Mitral Regurgitation; TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation; BMI = body mass index; BSA = Body Surface Area; STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons; NYHA = New York Heart Association; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; LVEF = Left ventriculer ejection fraction; AF = Atrial fibrilation; PPM = Permanent pacemaker; ICD = Implanted cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT-D = Cardiac resynchronization therapy-Defibrillator Table 1.2. Baseline Characteristics ( continue ) Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value Smoke, n(%) 64 (35%) 39 (32,5%) 23 (37,7%) 0,51 43 (32,8%) 20 (39,2%) 0,48 Arterial hypertension, n(%) 150 (82,4%) 99 (82,5%) 49 (81,7%) 0,89 109 (84%) 40 (78,4%) 0,39 Diabetes mellitus, n(%) 78 (42,6%) 52 (43,3%) 25 (41,0%) 0,87 56 (42,7%) 21 (41,2%) 0,86 Dyslipidemia, n(%) 107 (58,5%) 66 (55%) 39 (63,9%) 0,26 75 (57,3%) 31 (60,8%) 0,73 Cerebrovascular event, n(%) 9 (5,4%) 5 (4,2%) 4 (6,6%) 0,61 9 (6,9%) 0 0,12 COPD, n(%) 33 (18%) 23 (20%) 9 (14,8%) 0,79 26 (19,8%) 7 (13,7%) 0,84 Renal Disease, n(%) 41 (22,4%) 27 (22,5%) 14 (23%) 0,94 28 (21,4%) 13 (25,5%) 0,55 PAD, n(%) 14 (7,7%) 11 (9,2%) 3 (4,9%) 0,38 10 (7,6%) 4 (7,8%) 0,96 * Values are mean ±SD or n (%) p value<0.05. MR= Mitral Regurgitation; TR= Tricuspid Regurgitation; COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD= Peripheral arterial disease Table 2 Medication of patients Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value ACEi or ARB , n(%) 70 (42,9%) 50 (41,6%) 19 (31,1%) 0,09 53 (43,4%) 16 (40%) 0,71 Beta blocker , n(%) 113 (61,7%) 66 (55%) 47 (77%) 0,006 78 (59,5%) 35 (68,6%) 0,30 Antihyperlipidemic , n(%) 73 (40%) 42 (35%) 29 (47,5%) 0,29 49 (37,4%) 23 (45%) 0,78 MRAs , n(%) 13 (7,2%) 8 (6,8%) 5 (8,2%) 0,76 7 (5,4%) 6 (11,8%) 0,19 Loop diüretic , n(%) 28 (16,9%) 19 (17,1%) 8 (15,1%) 0,82 18 (15%) 9 (20%) 0,48 Tiazid diüretic , n(%) 38 (20,9%) 29 (24,4%) 9 (14,8%) 0,32 30 (23,1%) 8 (15,7%) 0,21 Calcium channel blockers , n(%) 42 (23,1%) 30 (25,2%) 11 (18%) 0,55 31 (23,8%) 11 (21,6%) 0,14 Digoxin , n(%) 12 (6,6%) 6 (5,1%) 6 (9,8%) 0,34 8 (6,2%) 4 (7,8%) 0,74 Antiarrhythmic , n(%) 12 (6,6%) 7 (5,9%) 5 (8,2%) 0,54 10 (7,7%) 2 (3,9%) 0,51 Anticoagulant , n(%) 33 (18,2%) 16 (13,6%) 17 (27,9%) 0,01 16 (12,4%) 17 (33,3%) 0,001 VKA , n(%) 14 (7,7%) 8 (6,8%) 6 (9,8%) 7 (5,4%) 7 (13,7%) NOAC , n(%) 19 (10,5%) 8 (6,8%) 11 (18,1%) 9 (7%) 10 (19,6%) Antiplatelet Acetylsalicyc acid , n(%) 144 (79,1%) 96 (80,7%) 46 (75,4%) 0,44 107 (82,3%) 36 (70,6%) 0,10 Klopidogrel , n(%) 137 (75,3%) 96 (80,7%) 41 (67,2%) 0,06 104 (80%) 33 (64,7%) 0,09 * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. MR = Mitral Regurgitation; TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation; ACEi = Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; MRAs = Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; VKA = Vitamin K antagonists; NOAC = New oral anticoagulants Procedural Characteristics During the TAVI procedures, 23 patients (12.6%) received balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN prosthetic valves, and 160 patients (87.5%) received self-expandable CoreValve prosthetic valves. The Edwards SAPIEN valve was implanted more frequently in the moderate/severe MR group (21.3%, 13 patients) (p = 0.02). Among the self-expandable valves, 152 (83.1%) were second-generation CoreValve prostheses. The most commonly implanted valve size was 29 mm (48%, 73 patients), with no significant difference between groups. A total of 24 patients (13.4%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to TAVI, most commonly involving the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (8.7%, 16 patients). Post-procedural permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) was required in 17 patients (9.3%). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of PCI or PPM (Table 3 ). Table 3 Characteristics of the patients regarding the TAVI procedure Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value Edwards SAPIEN , n(%) 23 (12,6%) 10 (8,3%) 13 (21,3%) 0,02 14 (10,7%) 9 (17,6%) 0,25 23 mm , n(%) 10 (43,4%) - - - - - - 26 mm , n(%) 8 (34,7%) - - - - - - 29 mm , n(%) 5 (21,7%) - - - - - - 1.Generation Corevalve , n(%) 8 (4,4%) 8 (6,7%) 0 - 7 (5,3%) 1 (2%) - 26 mm , n(%) 5 (62,5%) - - - - - - 29 mm , n(%) 3 (37,5%) - - - - - - 2. Generation Evolute R , n(%) 152 (83,1%) 102 (85%) 48 (78,7%) 0,34 110 (84%) 41 (80,4%) 0,74 20 mm , n(%) 1 (0, 7%) - - - - - - 23 mm , n(%) 1 (0,7%) - - - - - - 26 mm , n(%) 51 (33,6%) - - - - - - 28 mm , n(%) 1 (0,7%) - - - - - - 29 mm , n(%) 73 (48%) - - - - - - 34 mm , n(%) 24 (15,8%) - - - - - - PVL , n(%) 80 (46,5%) 56 (49,1%) 24 (42%) 0,45 56 (44,8%) 22 (46,8%) 0,73 Mild n(%) 78 (45,3%) 54 (47,4%) 24 (42%) 55 (44%) 21 (44,7%) Moderate n(%) 2 (1,2%) 2 (1,8%) 0 1 (0,8%) 1 (2,1%) PCI before the procedure , n(%) 24 (13,1%) 16 (13,3%) 8 (13,1%) 0,96 19 (14,5%) 5 (9,8%) 0,47 LAD , n(%) 16 (8,7%) 11 (9,1%) 5 (8,3%) 11 (8,3%) 5 (9,8%) Cx , n(%) 7 (3,8%) 5 (4,1%) 2 (3,3%) 6 (4,5%) 1 (1,9%) RCA , n(%) 5 (3,7%) 4 (3,3%) 3 (5%) 6 (4,5%) 1 (1,9%) Post-procedure PPM , n(%) 17 (9,3%) 12 (10%) 5 (8,3%) 0,79 13 (10%) 4 (7,8%) 0,78 * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. MR = Mitral Regurgitation; TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation; PVL = Paravalvuler leak; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; LAD = Left anterior descending artery; Cx = Circumflex artery; RCA = Right coronary artery; PPM = Permanent pacemaker Preprocedural Echocardiographic Features In the preprocedural TTE, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 54.2% ± 12 for all patients. LVEF was significantly lower in the moderate/severe MR group (49.7% ± 13.5, p = 0.001) and the moderate/severe TR group (49.1% ± 15.1, p = 0.001). The average left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 129 ± 37 g/m² overall and was higher in the moderate/severe TR group (139.3 ± 40 g/m², p = 0.04). Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) averaged 2.7 ± 0.6 m/s across the cohort but was significantly higher in both the moderate/severe MR group (3.1 ± 0.6 m/s, p = 0.001) and the moderate/severe TR group (3.4 ± 0.4 m/s, p = 0.001). The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 39.1 ± 16 mmHg, and again significantly higher in both moderate/severe MR (47.2 ± 15.5 mmHg, p = 0.001) and moderate/severe TR (57.0 ± 12.9 mmHg, p = 0.001) groups (Table 4.1 ). Table 4.1 Echocardiography characteristics of the patients before the procedure Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value LVEF, % 54,2 ± 12 56,4 ± 11,6 49,7 ± 13,5 0,001 56,1 ± 11,0 49,1 ± 15,1 0,001 RVEF, % 54,1 ± 3,2 54,2 ± 2,9 53,7 ± 3,6 0,27 54,3 ± 2,7 53,4 ± 4,2 0,09 LVEDD, (cm) 4,9 ± 2,6 4,9 ± 3,2 5,0 ± 0,7 0,87 4,9 ± 3,1 5,0 ± 0,5 0,92 LVESD, (cm) 3,1 ± 0,8 3,0 ± 0,6 3,4 ± 0,9 0,001 3,0 ± 0,7 3,5 ± 0,7 0,001 LA, (cm) 4,3 ± 0,7 4,1 ± 0,6 4,7 ± 0,6 0,001 4,1 ± 0,6 4,7 ± 0,6 0,001 RV, (cm) 2,4 ± 0,3 2,5 ± 0,3 2,4 ± 0,3 0,62 2,4 ± 0,3 2,6 ± 0,4 0,02 IVS, (cm) 1,3 ± 0,2 1,3 ± 0,2 1,3 ± 0,2 0,17 1,3 ± 0,2 1,3 ± 0,2 0,54 PW, (cm) 1,1 ± 0,1 1,1 ± 0,1 1,1 ± 0,2 0,13 1,1 ± 0,2 1,1 ± 0,1 0,48 RWT 0,51 ± 0,12 0,52 ± 0,12 0,47 ± 0,13 0,01 0,51 ± 0,13 0,47 ± 0,09 0,02 LVMI, (g/m2) 129,2 ± 37 125,7 ± 32 137,8 ± 44 0,06 126,1 ± 34 139,3 ± 40 0,04 AVA, (cm2) 0,7 ± 0,1 0,7 ± 0,1 0,7 ± 0,1 0,47 0,7 ± 0,1 0,6 ± 0,1 0,04 AVmax(m/sn) 4,3 ± 0,7 4,3 ± 0,6 4,3 ± 0,7 0,74 4,3 ± 0,6 4,3 ± 0,8 0,52 Aort Max Gradient(mmHg) 77,8 ± 19 76,8 ± 18,4 79,7 ± 20,3 0,34 77,2 ± 15,6 79,3 ± 25,8 0,49 Aort Mean Gradient (mmHg) 48 ± 12 48,2 ± 12,5 47,7 ± 13,8 0,83 47,6 ± 11,2 49,1 ± 16,5 0,48 TAPSE (mm) 21 ± 3,6 21,2 ± 3,4 20,7 ± 3,9 0,46 21,4 ± 3,5 20,2 ± 3,6 0,06 RVSM (cm/san) 11,9 ± 4 11,6 ± 1,9 12,3 ± 6,9 0,38 11,7 ± 1,9 12,2 ± 7,4 0,56 TRV (m/san) 2,7 ± 0,6 2,5 ± 0,6 3,1 ± 0,6 0,001 2,4 ± 0,5 3,4 ± 0,4 0,001 sPAP (mmHg) 39,1 ± 16 35,1 ± 15 47,2 ± 15,5 0,001 32,3 ± 11,3 57,0 ± 12,9 0,001 * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. MR = Mitral Regurgitation; TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation; LVEF = Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction; RVEF; Right ventricular systolic ejection fraction; LVEDD = Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD = Left ventricular end systolic diameter; LA = Left atrial diameter; RV = Right ventricular diameter; IVS = Interventricular septum; PW = Posterior wall; RWT = Relative wall thickness; LVMI = Left ventricular mass index; AVA = Aort valve area; TAPSE = Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm = Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV = Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP = Systolic pulmonary artery pressure Table 4.2. Echocardiography characteristics of the patients before the procedure (continue) Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value Mitral Stenosis None/Mild, n(%) 172 (94%) 115 (95,8%) 55 (90,2%) 0,13 125 (95,4%) 46 (90,2%) 0,61 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 11 (6%) 5 (4,1%) 6 (9,8%) 6 (4,6%) 5 (9,8%) Aortic Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 145 (80,6%) 99 (83,9%) 45 (73,8%) 0,36 112 (86,9%) 33 (64,7%) 0,001 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 35 (19,4%) 19 (16,1%) 16 (26,2%) 17 (13,2%) 18 (35,3%) Mitral Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 120 (66,3%) - - - 94 (80%) 16 (31,4%) 0,001 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 61 (%33,7) - - 26 (%20) 35 (68,6%) Tricuspid Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 131 (72%) 104 (86,6%) 26 (42,7%) 0,001 - - - Moderate/Severe, n(%) 51 (28%) 16 (13,4%) 35 (57,3%) - - * Values are mean ±SD or n (%) p value<0.05. MR= Mitral Regurgitation; TR= Tricuspid Regurgitation Post-procedural Clinical Outcomes Over a median follow-up period of 2.26 years, 68 patients (37.2%) experienced the composite primary endpoint, which included all-cause mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure. In the group with no or mild MR, 37 patients (30.8%) reached the primary endpoint, compared to 30 patients (49.2%) in the moderate/severe MR group — a statistically significant difference (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.21–3.50; p = 0.007). In the TR groups, 45 patients (34.4%) with no or mild TR and 23 patients (45.1%) with moderate/severe TR reached the primary endpoint (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.80–2.35; p = 0.23). All-cause mortality occurred in 56 patients (30.6%), and was significantly higher in the moderate/severe MR group (41%, 25 patients; p = 0.04), whereas no significant difference was observed between TR groups. Hospitalizations due to heart failure occurred in 20 patients (10.9%) overall, with a significantly higher rate in the moderate/severe MR group (18%, 11 patients; p = 0.04). In contrast, the rate of heart failure-related hospitalization did not significantly differ between TR groups (Figs. 2 .-3.-4.; Table 5 ). Table 5 Primary Outcomes Parameters Total n:183 MR None/Mild n:120 66,3% MR Moderate/ Severe n:61 33,7% P value TR None/Mild n:131 72% TR Moderate/ Severe n:51 28% P value Primary Outcomes , n(%) 68 (37,2%) 37 (30,8%) 30 (49,2%) 0,02 45 (34,4%) 23 (45,1%) 0,23 All cause mortality , n(%) 56 (30,6%) 30 (25%) 25 (41%) 0,04 35 (26,7%) 21 (41,1%) 0,07 Heart failure-related hospitalization , n(%) 20 (10,9%) 9 (7,5%) 11 (18%) 0,04 12 (9,1%) 8 (15,6%) 0,29 1-year primary outcomes , n(%) 26 (14.2%) 13 (10.8%) 13 (21.3%) 0,008 17 (12.9%) 9 (17.6%) 0,24 Follow-up, Month , Medyan, Q1-Q3 27,1 (9,5–50,1) 27,5 (10,2–50,0) 26,5 (7,5–48,3) - 26,5 (9,9–49,8) 29,7 (9,7–53,7) - * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. MR = Mitral Regurgitation; TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation Post-procedural Echocardiographic Features According to the VARC-3 criteria, transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were available for 174 patients (95.1%) in the early post-procedural period (0–3 months, median: 1 month) and for 126 patients (68.9%) in the late post-procedural period (after 3 months, median: 14 months). The mean LVEF for all patients was 54.2% ±12 before the procedure, which increased to 54.9% ±12 in the early post-procedural period (p = 0.001), and to 56.9% ±10 in the late post-procedural period (p = 0.001), indicating a significant improvement. Pre-procedural mean LVMI was 129.2 ± 37 g/m², which significantly decreased to 121.0 ± 30 g/m² in the early post-procedural period (p = 0.001), and further to 118.1 ± 31 g/m² in the late period (p = 0.01). Similarly, TRV values decreased from 2.7 ± 0.6 m/s pre-procedure to 2.6 ± 0.6 m/s in the early period (p = 0.002), and to 2.4 ± 0.5 m/s in the late period (p = 0.001). Mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) decreased from 39.1 ± 16 mmHg before TAVI to 35.7 ± 14.6 mmHg in the early period (p = 0.001), and to 31.6 ± 11.7 mmHg in the late period (p = 0.001) (Table 6.1 ). Table 6.1 Pre-procedural, Post-procedural early period, and Post-procedural late period Follow-up Echocardiographic Characteristics of All Patients Parameters Baseline n: 183 100% 0–3. Month n:174 95,1% P value > 3 month n:126 68,9% P value LVEF, % 54,2 ± 12 54,9 ± 12 0,001 56,9 ± 10 0,001 RVEF, % 54,1 ± 3,2 54,2 ± 2,6 0,11 54,5 ± 2,1 0,31 LVEDD, (cm) 4,9 ± 2,6 4,6 ± 0,6 0,26 4,7 ± 0,6 0,42 LVESD, (cm) 3,1 ± 0,8 3,0 ± 0,7 0,46 3,0 ± 0,7 0,10 LA, (cm) 4,3 ± 0,7 4,2 ± 0,7 0,81 4,2 ± 0,6 0,66 RV, (cm) 2,4 ± 0,3 2,4 ± 0,4 0,13 2,4 ± 0,4 0,16 IVS, (cm) 1,3 ± 0,2 1,3 ± 0,2 0,002 1,2 ± 0,2 0,04 PD, (cm) 1,1 ± 0,1 1,1 ± 0,1 0,056 1,1 ± 0,1 0,07 RWT 0,51 ± 0,12 0,51 ± 0,12 0,95 0,49 ± 0,10 0,26 LVMI, (g/m2) 129,2 ± 37 121,0 ± 30 0,001 118,1 ± 31 0,01 AVmax(m/sn) 4,3 ± 0,7 1,7 ± 0,1 < 0,001 1,8 ± 0,3 < 0,001 Aort Max Gradient (mmHg) 77,8 ± 19 15,3 ± 6,8 < 0,001 16,4 ± 6,8 < 0,001 Aort Mean Gradient (mmHg) 48 ± 12 7,9 ± 4 < 0,001 8,6 ± 4,2 < 0,001 TAPSE (mm) 21 ± 3,6 21,6 ± 3,9 0,007 21,3 ± 3,9 0,30 RVSM (cm/san) 11,9 ± 4 11,8 ± 2,0 0,15 12 ± 2,6 0,11 TRV (m/san) 2,7 ± 0,6 2,6 ± 0,6 0,002 2,4 ± 0,5 0,001 sPAP (mmhg) 39,1 ± 16 35,7 ± 14,6 0,001 31,6 ± 11,7 0,001 * Values are mean ± SD or n (%) p value < 0.05. LVEF = Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction; RVEF; Right ventricular systolic ejection fraction; LVEDD = Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD = Left ventricular end systolic diameter; LA = Left atrial diameter; RV = Right ventricular diameter; IVS = Interventricular septum; PW = Posterior wall; RWT = Relative wall thickness; LVMI = Left ventricular mass index; AVA = Aort valve area; TAPSE = Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm = Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV = Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP = Systolic pulmonary artery pressure Changes in Valve Regurgitation Among patients with moderate/severe MR before TAVI (n = 61, 33.7%), the number significantly decreased to 40 (23.1%) in the early post-procedural period (p < 0.001) and to 26 (20.7%) in the late period (p = 0.001). For patients with moderate/severe TR (n = 51, 28%), the number decreased to 41 (23.6%) in the early period (p = 0.08) and to 19 (15.1%) in the late period (p = 0.008). While the early decrease in TR was not statistically significant, the late-period decrease was (Figs. 5 .- 6.; Table 6.2 ). Table 6.2. Pre-procedural, Post-procedural early period, and Post-procedural late period Follow-up Echocardiographic Characteristics of All Patients (continue) Parameters Baseline n: 183 100% 0-3. Month n:174 95,1% P value >3 month n:126 68,9% P value Mitral Stenosis None/Mild, n(%) 172 (94%) 168 (96,6%) - 119 (94,5%) - Moderate/Severe, n(%) 11 (6%) 6 (3,4%) 7 (5,5%) Aortic Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 145 (80,6%) 170 (98,8%) <0,001 120 (97,6%) <0,001 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 35 (19,4%) 2 (1,2%) 3 (2,4%) Mitral Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 120 (66,3%) 133 (76,9%) <0,001 100 (79,3%) 0,001 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 61 (33,7%) 40 (23,1%) 26 (20,7%) Tricuspid Regurgitation None/Mild, n(%) 131 (72%) 133 (76,4%) 0,08 107 (84,9%) 0,008 Moderate/Severe, n(%) 51 (28%) 41 (23,6%) 19 (15,1%) * Values are mean ±SD or n (%) p value<0.05. Based on TTE comparisons, in the early post-procedural period, 133 patients (77.3%) showed no change in MR grade, 35 (20.3%) had improvement, and 4 (2.3%) had worsening (p < 0.001). In the late period, 66 patients (52.3%) showed no change, 49 (38.8%) showed improvement, and 11 (8.7%) showed worsening in MR grade (p = 0.001) (Fig. 7 .). There was no statistically significant difference in primary outcomes between patients whose MR improved and those with stable or worsened MR in the late period (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.17–1.08; p = 0.08) (Fig. 8 .). For TR, early post-procedural outcomes showed 133 patients (76.4%) had no change, 31 (17.8%) improved, and 10 (5.7%) worsened (p = 0.08). In the late period, 66 patients (52.4%) showed no change, 39 (30.9%) improved, and 21 (16.6%) worsened (p = 0.008) (Fig. 9 .). As with MR, no significant difference in the primary outcome was observed between those with improved TR and those without improvement (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.22–1.61; p = 0.34) (Fig. 10 .). Factors Affecting the Primary Endpoint In univariate analysis, male sex, higher STS score, NYHA class III–IV, presence of CAD, LVEF < 50%, elevated NT-proBNP, renal disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial (LA) enlargement, elevated sPAP, and presence of MR were identified as poor prognostic indicators. In multivariate analysis, a higher STS score (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03–1.39; p = 0.01) and the presence of AF (HR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.05–5.75; p = 0.03) remained independent predictors of the primary endpoint. Presence or severity of MR was not independently associated with the primary endpoint (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.62–4.92; p = 0.28) (Table 7 ). Table 7 Predictors of Primary Outcomes Parameters Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis HR (95% CI) P value HR (95% CI) P value Mitral regurgitation 1.934 (1.186–3.153) 0,008 1.758 (0.627–4.928) 0,28 Tricuspid regurgitation 1.351 (0.815–2.239) 0,24 - - Age 1.028 (0.989–1.068) 0,16 - - Gender/ M 1.750 (1.075–2.847) 0,02 1.201 (0.301–1.524) 0,34 STS Score 1.254 (1.169–1.345) < 0,001 1.201 (1.036–1.392) 0,01 NYHA 3.239 (1.931–5.433) < 0,001 - - Smoker 1.440 (0.881–2.354) 0,14 - - Arterial hypertension 1.783 (0.879–3.616) 0,10 - - CAD 1.868 (1.013–3.445) 0,04 2.723 (0.945–7.849) 0,06 LVEF < 50 1.986 (1.142–3.452) 0,01 1.156 (0.364–3.671) 0,80 NT-proBNP 2.029 (1.330–3.095) 0,001 1.560 (0.612–3.977) 0,35 Renal disease 1.830 (1.062–3.154) 0,03 - - AF 2.453 (1.453–4.143) 0.001 2.468 (1.059–5.751) 0,03 ACEi or ARB 1.074 (0.623–1.851) 0,79 - - Beta blocker 1.013 (0.610–1.681) 0,96 - - LVEF 0.987 (0.969–1.005) 0,16 - - RVEF 0.957 (0.899–1.019) 0,16 - - LA 1.830 (1.281–2.614) 0,001 1.210 (0.655–2.234) 0,54 TAPSE 0.945 (0.877–1.019) 0,14 - - RVSM 0.931 (0.831–1.042) 0,21 - - TRV 1.286 (0.914–1.809) 0,14 - - sPAP 1.015 (1.001–1.029) 0,03 0.995 (0.966–1.026) 0,76 PCI before the procedure 1.920 (0.932–3.955) 0,07 - - Cox univariate and multivariate model, P value < 0.05. HR = Hazard ratio; CI = Confidence interval STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons; NYHA = New York Heart Association; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; LVEF = Left ventriculer ejection fraction; AF = Atrial fibrilation; ACEi = Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; RVEF; Right ventricular ejection fraction; LA = Left atrial diameter; TAPSE = Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm = Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV = Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP = Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCI = Percutaneous coronary intervention Factors Affecting the Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation In multivariate analysis, the use of beta-blockers (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.69; p = 0.007) and left atrial enlargement (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22–0.73; p = 0.004) were found to be independent predictors of MR improvement (Table 8 ). For TR improvement in the late post-procedural period, higher TRV values were found to be a negative prognostic factor (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 1.43–14.8; p = 0.01) (Table 9 ). Table 8 Univariate and multivariate analysis for prediction of mitral regurgitation improvement Parameters Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value Age 0.971 (0.920–1.025) 0,28 - - STS Score 0.938 (0.821–1.071) 0,34 - - CAD 1.434 (0.619–3.326) 0,40 - - LVEF < 50 0.660 (0.282–1.544) 0,33 - - NT-proBNP 0.808 (0.435–1.503) 0,35 - - Diabetes mellitus 1.450 (0.668–3.149) 0,34 - - Renal disease 2.059 (0.741–5.719) 0,16 2.013 (0.650–6.232) 0,22 AF 1.277 (0.483–3.377) 0,62 - - ACEi or ARB 0.708 (0.318–1.577) 0,39 - - Beta bloker 0.274 (0.107–0.702) 0,007 0.261 (0.098–0.691) 0,007 LVEF 1.020 (0.992–1.049) 0,15 0.999 (0.954–1.046) 0,96 LVESD 0.716 (0.460–1.115) 0,14 0.920 (0.435–1.898) 0,75 LA 0.410 (0.229–0.734) 0,003 0.406 (0.219–0.755) 0,004 sPAP 0.980 (0.959–1.002) 0,07 0.990 (0.965–1.015) 0,43 Aortic Regurgitation 0.564 (0.182–1.752) 0,16 1.589 (0.285–8.862) 0,38 Tricuspid Regurgitation 0.824 (0.299–2.267) 0,06 0.821 (0.052–1.223) 0,35 Prothesis valve size 0.860 (0.759–0.974) 0,01 0.921 (0.684–1.241) 0,59 PCI before the procedure 3.157 (0.705–14.124) 0,13 4.822 (0.976–23.833) 0,054 Post-procedure PPM 0.256 (0.033–2.019) 0,19 3.556 (0.423–29.902) 0,26 Logistic univariate and multivariate model, P value < 0.05. OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; AF = Atrial fibrilation; ACEi = Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD = Left ventricular end-sistolic diameter; LA = Left atrial diameter; SPAP = Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCI = Percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM = Permenant pacemaker Table 9 Univariate and multivariate analysis for prediction of tricuspid regurgitation improvement Parameters Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value Age 0.965 (0.898–1.038) 0,34 0.780 (0.181–3.355) 0,73 CAD 0.336 (0.073–1.548) 0,16 0.282 (0.047–1.683) 0,16 NYHA 0.616 (0.314–1.209) 0,15 2.153 (0.458–10.131) 0,33 LVEF < 50 1.324 (0.402–4.367) 0,64 - - LVEF 0.963 (0.920–1.008) 0,10 0.967 (0.904–1.034) 0,32 RVEF 0.948 (0.778–1.155) 0,59 - - RV 2.144 (0.484–9.499) 0,31 - - LA 0.872 (0.462–1.645) 0,67 - - TAPSE 1.046 (0.913–1.199) 0,51 - - RVSM 0.937 (0.736–1.192) 0,59 - - TRV 2.492 (1.146–5.421) 0,02 4.625 (1.436–14.897) 0,01 sPAP 1.035 (0.998–1.073) 0,06 - - Aortic Regurgitation 0,727 (0.218–2.430) 0,66 - - Mitral Regurgitation 1.418 (0.508–3.960) 0,50 - - Prothesis valve size 1.194 (1.000-1.426) 0,04 1.153 (0.900-1.477) 0,26 Logistic univariate and multivariate model, P value < 0.05. OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; NYHA = New York Heart Association; LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEF = Right ventricular ejection fraction; LA = Left atrial diameter; TAPSE = Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm = Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV = Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP = Systolic pulmonary artery pressure DISCUSSION The prognostic impact of preprocedural mitral regurgitation (MR) severity on mortality or heart failure (HF)-related hospitalizations in patients undergoing TAVI remains a matter of debate in the literature. In our study, among patients followed for a median of 2.26 years (range: 9.5–50.1 months), the rate of the primary composite endpoint — all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalization — was significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe MR group compared to the none-to-mild MR group. The increased rate of adverse outcomes in the moderate-to-severe MR group may be attributed to the higher STS scores, elevated NT-proBNP levels, greater proportion of patients in NYHA class III-IV, increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), lower LVEF, and higher TRV and sPAP values in this cohort. These findings suggest that the moderate-to-severe MR group consisted of a higher-risk population. However, MR severity alone was not identified as an independent predictor of the primary outcome. In the SAVR cohort of the PARTNER trial, MR was associated with mortality, whereas in the TAVI cohort, no such relationship was observed in the long term ( 13 ). A 2020 meta-analysis by Sethi et al. involving 32,257 patients showed increased mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe MR; however, MR severity was not an independent predictor of mortality. Instead, this group appeared to represent a sicker population ( 8 , 14 ). Similar conclusions were drawn by Hutter et al. ( 8 , 14 ). In a 2021 study by Zhang et al., MR severity was not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality but was identified as an independent predictor of HF-related hospitalizations ( 6 ). Likewise, a 2022 study by Twing et al. found that while MR severity was not linked to all-cause death, it was associated with increased risk of HF-related hospitalizations ( 15 ). Earlier meta-analyses by Chakravarty (2015), Sannino (2014), and Takagi (2015) suggested that MR was an independent risk factor for mortality in TAVI patients ( 16 – 18 ). However, these studies are relatively older and included shorter follow-up periods, which may explain discrepancies in outcomes. It has been postulated that discrepancies in survival data may be influenced by MR etiology (primary vs. secondary) and prosthetic valve type. In Sannino’s meta-analysis, it was suggested that deep implantation of self-expanding valves could restrict anterior mitral leaflet motion, contributing to higher mortality in moderate-to-severe MR patients ( 17 ). Muratori and Kindya et al. have reported that primary MR, compared to functional MR, was a stronger negative prognostic factor for mortality and HF-related hospitalizations, respectively ( 19 , 20 ). Conversely, Chakravarty and Costantino et al. reported no association between MR etiology, prosthetic valve type, and mortality ( 16 , 21 ). Most recently, a 2023 study by Doldi et al. showed no difference in 3-year mortality among patients with atrial functional MR, ventricular functional MR, or primary MR ( 22 ). The observed association in our study between left atrial (LA) dilatation and MR improvement may suggest a predominance of atrial functional MR in our population; however, we did not classify patients based on MR etiology. Previous studies have identified predictors of MR improvement as absence of AF, use of beta-blockers, absence of ACS history, lower sPAP, and higher LVEF ( 18 , 19 , 23 ). The findings of our study regarding the association of beta-blocker use and LA dilatation with MR improvement are in line with these observations. Our results on the association between MR and the primary outcome are consistent with recent literature. Most studies in the field report follow-up durations of 30 days, 3–6 months, or 1 year, and nearly all are observational. The extended follow-up in our study represents a major strength. Despite this long follow-up, MR severity was still not an independent predictor of survival. Given the challenges in accurately identifying MR etiology in TAVI patients, the absence of standardized criteria in previous studies, the frequent occurrence of mixed MR (primary + secondary), and the lack of association between MR etiology and survival in recent studies, we did not categorize patients based on MR etiology. In our study, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome between patients categorized according to tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that TR severity was not an independent predictor of the primary outcome. A meta-analysis by Takagi et al. reported that moderate-to-severe TR was associated with a twofold increase in mortality at both 30-day and 6–30-month follow-ups among TAVI patients ( 24 ). In contrast, a registry-based study by Barvalia et al. showed no impact of moderate-to-severe TR on 30-day hospitalizations, although it was associated with 30-day mortality ( 25 ). A study by Barbanti et al. indicated that while TR severity was not associated with 2-year mortality overall, it did predict mortality in patients with LVEF > 40%, losing significance in those with LVEF < 40% ( 7 ). Similarly, Lindman et al. found that TR severity was linked to 1-year mortality in TAVI patients, but this prognostic relevance diminished in those with concomitant moderate-to-severe MR ( 26 ). Pavasini et al., in a meta-analysis, also concluded that TR severity did not affect mortality among TAVI patients ( 27 ). These findings suggest that TR may have prognostic significance only in selected patient subgroups, such as those without concomitant MR and with preserved LVEF. A 2023 study by Rao VN et al. showed that the prognostic significance of severe TR varied across four clinical categories of newly diagnosed TR patients ( 28 ). In our study, although patients in the moderate-to-severe TR group had worse clinical and echocardiographic profiles compared to the none-to-mild group, there was no significant difference in primary outcomes. Therefore, we did not further stratify by clinical characteristics. Overall, we found that preprocedural TR severity was not a prognostic indicator for all-cause mortality or HF-related hospitalization. In terms of valve regurgitation improvement, at early follow-up, 20.3% of patients showed at least a one-grade improvement in MR, increasing to 38.8% at late follow-up. For TR, the improvement rates were 17.8% and 30.9% at early and late follow-ups, respectively. Despite these improvements, there was no significant association with the primary outcome. Previous studies have reported post-TAVI MR improvement in 25–78% of patients during early or late follow-up ( 8 , 9 , 16 , 23 , 29 ). The variability in reported rates may be due to differences in MR assessment methods, classification, and patient characteristics. Our findings are consistent with the literature in demonstrating MR improvement in both early and late phases following TAVI. A 2020 study by Lubovich et al., which evaluated 3-month follow-up echocardiography in 35 patients, found no association between MR improvement and mortality ( 30 ). In contrast, Miura et al. observed a 77% MR improvement rate at 6-month follow-up and reported a reduction in HF-related hospitalizations, although there was no association with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality ( 23 ). In our study, MR improvement was not associated with either all-cause mortality or HF-related hospitalizations. The inclusion of both early and late follow-up echocardiographic assessments, as well as the relatively long follow-up period, enhances the significance of our study in evaluating the prognostic role of MR improvement in TAVI patients. Studies have shown TR improvement rates ranging from 15–58% in early and late follow-up after TAVI ( 8 , 24 , 26 , 31 ). In Takagi’s meta-analysis, TR improvement rates were reported as 15–35% at 1 month and 30–60% at 6 months to 1 year ( 24 ). A retrospective study by Schwartz et al., which evaluated 6-month echocardiographic data, showed TR improvement in 58% of patients, and this improvement was associated with better survival. They also found that larger tricuspid annular diameter, presence of AF, and elevated sPAP were poor prognostic indicators for TR improvement ( 31 ). In our study, TR improvement occurred in 17.8% of patients at early follow-up and 30.9% at late follow-up. We found that higher TRV was a negative predictor of TR improvement, consistent with the literature. However, in our cohort, TR improvement was not associated with better primary outcomes. The differences between our findings and Schwartz’s may stem from methodological variations in TR assessment, our smaller sample size, inclusion of HF-related hospitalizations in the primary endpoint, and the analysis of late follow-up echocardiographic data. Limitations The most significant limitation of our study is its retrospective and single-center design. Due to the long follow-up period, echocardiographic evaluations were performed by different physicians, and assessments were mostly based on semi-quantitative parameters. Additional limitations include a certain degree of data loss during long-term follow-up, heterogeneity in the timing of echocardiographic evaluations, the lack of classification of valve pathologies according to etiology, and the relatively small number of patients showing changes in regurgitation severity over time—all of which may have influenced the study outcomes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in our study evaluating pre-, early-, and late-postprocedural echocardiographic parameters of patients undergoing successful TAVI, patients with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation (MR) prior to the procedure had higher rates of all-cause mortality and heart failure–related hospitalizations compared to those with none-to-mild MR. However, this difference was attributed to the comorbid clinical characteristics of the moderate-to-severe MR group. When comparing TR severity groups, no significant difference in clinical outcomes was observed. Although MR severity appeared as a clinical predictor of the primary outcome in univariate analysis, it lost its prognostic value in multivariate analysis. Similarly, preprocedural TR severity was not associated with the primary outcome. We observed a significant improvement in MR during both early and late follow-up periods. TR showed no significant improvement in the early phase but demonstrated a statistically significant reduction at late follow-up. Nevertheless, improvements in MR or TR after the procedure were not associated with differences in the primary outcome. Beta-blocker use and left atrial dilation were identified as predictors of MR improvement, while higher TRV was found to be a negative predictor of TR improvement. In patients evaluated for severe aortic stenosis, coexisting MR or TR severity should not be considered contraindications for TAVI. In particular, in high-risk or elderly patients who may require double-valve replacement, performing TAVI first and then monitoring other valve pathologies may be a reasonable treatment strategy. Predictors of postprocedural MR or TR improvement should be carefully considered and integrated into the treatment plan. Although our study contributes to the existing literature, sürter studies are warranted. Declarations Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethical approval Ethical approval for this retrospective observational study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Ege University Faculty of Medicine (Approval No: 22-10.1T/33, Date: 20.10.2022). As the study involved retrospective analysis of anonymized patient data, the requirement for informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Funding Statement This research received no external funding. Author Contribution M.R.K. and E.D. designed the study and performed the data analysis. O.A.G. and M.A. contributed to data collection and interpretation. H.P. and O.Y. performed the TAVI procedures. O.Y. also supervised the research process. S.N. critically reviewed the manuscript. M.R.K. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Figures 1–10 and Tables 1–9. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement The data used in this study were obtained from the archive of Ege University Faculty of Medicine. The authors would like to thank the institution for its support. References Enriquez-Sarano M, Gössl M, Prendergast B, Michelena HI (2020) Valvular heart diseases surveillance: a commanding necessity. Mayo Clin Proc . ;95(12):2585–2588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.009 Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP III, Gentile F et al (2021) 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 143(5):e72–e227. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923 Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J et al (2022) 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. 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J Clin Med 10(17):3903. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173903 Barbanti M, Binder RK, Dvir D, Tan J, Freeman M, Thompson CR et al (2015) Prevalence and impact of preoperative moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation on patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 85(4):677–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.25727 Hutter A, Bleiziffer S, Richter V, Opitz A, Hettich I, Mazzitelli D et al (2013) Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with concomitant mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg 95(1):77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.07.030 Toggweiler S, Boone RH, Rodés-Cabau J, Humphries KH, Lee M, Nombela-Franco L et al (2012) Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: outcomes of patients with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(23):2068–2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.019 Moazami N, Diodato MD, Moon MR, Lawton JS, Pasque MK, Herren RL et al (2004) Does functional mitral regurgitation improve with isolated aortic valve replacement? J Card Surg 19(5):444–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0886-0440.2004.04078.x Chorin E, Rozenbaum Z, Topilsky Y, Konigstein M, Ziv-Baran T, Richert E et al (2020) Tricuspid regurgitation and long-term clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 21(2):157–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez240 Généreux P, Piazza N, Alu MC, Nazif T, Hahn RT, Pibarot P et al (2021) Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: Updated Endpoint Definitions for Aortic Valve Clinical Research. J Am Coll Cardiol 77(21):2717–2746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.038 Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG et al (2011) Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 364(23):2187–2198. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103510 Sethi A, Kodumuri V, Prasad V, Chaudhary A, Coromilas J, Kassotis J (2020) Does the presence of significant mitral regurgitation prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis impact mortality? Meta-analysis and systematic review. Cardiology 145(7):428–438. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508659 Twing AH, Gokhale S, Slostad B, Meyer J, Simon E, Dickens H et al (2022) Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation among patients with co-existing mild to moderate mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 177:84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.049 Chakravarty T, Van Belle E, Jilaihawi H, Noheria A, Testa L, Bedogni F et al (2015) Meta-analysis of the impact of mitral regurgitation on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol 115(7):942–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.12.035 Sannino A, Losi MA, Schiattarella GG, Gargiulo G, Perrino C, Stabile E et al (2014) Meta-analysis of mortality outcomes and mitral regurgitation evolution in 4,839 patients having transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe aortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 114(6):875–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.06.019 Takagi H, Umemoto T (2015) Coexisting mitral regurgitation impairs survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 100(6):2270–2276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.021 Muratori M, Fusini L, Tamborini G, Ghulam Ali S, Gripari P, Fabbiocchi F et al (2020) Mitral valve regurgitation in patients undergoing TAVI: Impact of severity and etiology on clinical outcome. Int J Cardiol 299:228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.08.041 Kindya B, Ouzan E, Lerakis S, Gonen E, Babaliaros V, Karayel E et al (2018) Degenerative mitral regurgitation predicts worse outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 92(3):573–579. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.27581 Costantino MF, Dores E, Innelli P, Matera A, Santillo V, Violini R et al (2015) The beneficial effects of TAVI in mitral insufficiency. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 13(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-015-0040-0 Doldi PM, Steffen J, Stolz L, Fischer J, Stocker TJ, Orban M et al (2023) Impact of mitral regurgitation aetiology on the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EuroIntervention 19(8):687–694. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-22-00937 Miura M, Yamaji K, Shirai S, Hayashi M, Kawaguchi T, Arai Y et al (2020) Clinical Impact of Preprocedural Moderate or Severe Mitral Regurgitation on Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Can J Cardiol 36(7):1112–1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.003 Takagi H, Hari Y, Kawai N, Ando T (2019) Impact of concurrent tricuspid regurgitation on mortality after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 93(5):946–953. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28033 Barvalia B, Tayal M, Cohen R, Amor M, Tcharnaia MM, Chen L (2017) Impact of Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation on Early Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Heart Valve Dis 26(4):410–416 Lindman L, Maniar BR, Jaber HS, Lerakis WA, Mack S, Suri MJ (2015) Effect of Tricuspid Regurgitation and the Right Heart on Survival after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 8(4):e002073. 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002073 Pavasini R, Ruggerini S, Grapsa J, Biscaglia S, Tumscitz C, Serenelli M et al (2018) Role of the tricuspid regurgitation after mitraclip and transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 19(6):654–659. 10.1093/ehjci/jey009 Rao VN, Giczewska A, Chiswell K, Felker GM, Wang A, Glower DD et al (2023) Long-term outcomes of phenoclusters in severe tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J 44(11):978–989. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac752 Meyer A, Greve D, Unbehaun A, Kofler M, Kukucka M, Klein C et al (2020) Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and its impact on mitral valve geometry and function. J Card Surg 35(9):2185–2193. 10.1111/jocs.14703 Lubovich A, Kusniec F, Sudarsky D, Grosman-Rimon L, Carasso S (2021) Predictors of Mitral Regurgitation Severity Improvement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Cardiol Res 12(1):25–28. 10.14740/cr1196 Schwartz LA, Rozenbaum Z, Ghantous E, Kramarz J, Biner S, Ghermezi M et al (2017) Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Tricuspid Regurgitation on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 30(1):36–46. 10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.010 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7244280","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":493270004,"identity":"522bd295-7f96-449a-aa20-b8e99db0ee08","order_by":0,"name":"Mehmet Ruhat 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population.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/463d6dfe19d6701c9cab968c.png"},{"id":88338933,"identity":"3ef2f32e-91c3-4a39-8a57-7f852be66610","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:55","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":282300,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparison of primary clinical outcome among all patients and according to severity of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/b3f2a3c28e5c3f1994dac4bb.png"},{"id":88338962,"identity":"a6c9901e-dadd-4f37-b6ff-1e8ba5a6785c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:58","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":613055,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier survival analysis for the primary composite outcome according to mitral regurgitation severity.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/1fddc3a11f751b29555d750d.png"},{"id":88338915,"identity":"0127757c-909a-49f2-9f9e-0ea531f5eef0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:53","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":574335,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier survival analysis for the primary composite outcome according to tricuspid regurgitation severity.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/3b6684ff5ec823fc1f321e42.png"},{"id":88338893,"identity":"737b548d-dc93-4dd5-8a4d-79f2dde714fd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:52","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":196963,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in mitral regurgitation severity from baseline to early- and late-term after TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/748e0280965d721f68d62e81.png"},{"id":88338891,"identity":"1549b7dd-7ebc-4380-8ffb-6c45c51615a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:52","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":182888,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in tricuspid regurgitation severity from baseline to early- and late-term after TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/2e2c2365035e375a7df54b22.png"},{"id":88338945,"identity":"c719f893-7381-46f9-a007-b450d028cc17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:55","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181168,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEarly and late changes in mitral regurgitation status (improved, worsened, unchanged) after TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/5b0d7d74c8eb7a2201620278.png"},{"id":88339008,"identity":"45d8070a-4cf9-4e48-90a2-e1ef0f66434f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:24:02","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":556483,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier survival analysis for the primary composite outcome according to mitral regurgitation improvement status in the late post-procedural period.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/1d4577b86f92f21b0d79bafb.png"},{"id":88338926,"identity":"fdb73155-748d-4bda-ac72-7bd3bad93ce0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:54","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":175241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEarly and late changes in tricuspid regurgitation status (improved, worsened, unchanged) after TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/acf3eb44cfd83a393202013c.png"},{"id":88338913,"identity":"5bfb3b9b-2fbf-4c0b-bcbc-babfc88d0027","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 12:23:53","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":510542,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan–Meier survival analysis for the primary composite outcome according to tricuspid regurgitation improvement status in the late post-procedural period\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/f91530473e0fb98caaa3892b.png"},{"id":93045913,"identity":"1a79f7a5-81e0-48b5-be8b-d58d6e231686","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-08 13:17:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":7316184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7244280/v1/5eea75d7-08e2-4d23-8ca1-196762f1aab1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prognostic Impact and Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Observational Study","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease requiring surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) in Europe and North America (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Severe AS is defined in clinical guidelines based on echocardiographic criteria, and valve replacement is often recommended accordingly. In appropriate patients—particularly the elderly or those with multiple comorbidities—TAVI is recommended as an alternative to surgical valve replacement (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe increased systolic pressure load in severe AS progressively leads to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. If this pathophysiological process persists, it may result in LV dilation, left atrial enlargement, and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), or may exacerbate preexisting primary MR. LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction also lead to increased left atrial pressure, which over time may cause secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of moderate-to-severe MR in patients undergoing surgical or interventional treatment for severe AS has been reported to range from 2–33% in various studies. In the PARTNER Cohort A study, 19.6% of patients in the TAVI group and 21.2% in the SAVR group had moderate-to-severe MR (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In a registry study by René Vollenbroich involving 603 patients, 36% of those who underwent TAVI had secondary MR (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, in a large French registry study by Juqian Zhang et al., which included 42,866 patients who underwent TAVI, the rate of moderate-to-severe MR was reported to be 19.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reported prevalence of moderate-to-severe TR in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI varies across studies. While the prevalence of isolated severe TR is approximately 15–16%, moderate-to-severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation has been shown to be present in approximately 20–60% of patients undergoing TAVI (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eModerate-to-severe MR prior to surgery or TAVI in patients with severe AS has been identified in several studies as an independent risk factor for increased mortality. However, some studies have shown no significant relationship between moderate-to-severe MR and mortality following surgical valve replacement (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). Similar controversies exist regarding the prognostic impact of moderate-to-severe TR on mortality and hospitalization rates in TAVI patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between the severity of MR and TR before and after TAVI and outcomes such as mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate changes in echocardiographic parameters before and after successful TAVI and to investigate the prognostic significance of observed changes in MR and TR severity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted in the Cardiology Department of Ege University Faculty of Medicine between December 2012 and October 2021. A total of 201 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who were either at high surgical risk or deemed unsuitable for surgery were screened, and 183 patients who met the criteria were included. Following the approval of the institutional ethics committee of Ege University (Date: 20/10/2022), patient data were retrospectively collected between October 2022 and February 2023. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and pre- and post-procedural echocardiographic parameters were obtained from electronic medical records.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients were included if they were over 18 years of age, had undergone a successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure for severe AS between December 2012 and October 2021, and had available follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data post-TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC-3) criteria, successful TAVI was defined as a mean transvalvular pressure gradient (ΔP) \u0026lt; 20 mmHg, peak aortic velocity (AVmax) \u0026lt; 3 m/s on echocardiographic assessment of the bioprosthetic valve, and the absence of moderate or severe aortic regurgitation or major device-related cardiovascular complications (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk scores were recalculated for all patients. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined based on coronary angiography findings showing any obstructive plaque, a history of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤ 50% was considered indicative of heart failure history.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEchocardiographic Assessment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTTE examinations were reviewed at three time points: pre-procedural, early post-procedural (within the first 3 months), and late post-procedural (after 3 months). All assessments were conducted by two independent cardiologists. Chamber dimensions, cardiac measurements, aortic valve stenosis severity, right ventricular function, and mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation parameters were measured according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was re-evaluated using quantitative parameters based on pre-procedural TTE reports. Patients were categorized as having none/mild MR, moderate/severe MR, none/mild TR, or moderate/severe TR based on the pre-procedural TTE. Changes observed in TTE parameters within 3 months post-procedure were classified as early changes, while those observed beyond 3 months were classified as late changes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn improvement in regurgitation severity was defined as an improvement of ≥ 1 grade; no change in severity was defined as stable; and a worsening of ≤ 1 grade was classified as deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary and Secondary Endpoints\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary endpoint was defined as a composite of hospitalization due to heart failure and all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint included hospitalization due to heart failure and all-cause mortality following the procedure, as defined by VARC-3.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the impact of pre-procedural MR and TR severity on the primary and secondary endpoints in patients who underwent successful TAVI. Additionally, the effect of TAVI on changes in MR and TR during early and late TTE follow-up was assessed, along with the relationship of these changes to the primary endpoint and the clinical and echocardiographic predictors of improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0 and Medcalc 19. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the distribution. Continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviations or medians with interquartile ranges, and categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. Group comparisons employed the Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. A two-sided P-value \u0026lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSurvival curves for the endpoints were analyzed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Cox regression models were utilized to compute hazard ratios (HR) presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Variables significant in univariate analyses were included in multivariate forward and backward stepwise regression to identify predictors of primary endpoints and mitigate overfitting and collinearity. Binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant parameters associated with the achievement of the primary endpoint through a multivariate approach. Predicted probabilities were calculated based on the identified significant variables.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical and Demographic Characteristics of the Patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween December 2012 and October 2021, 201 patients who underwent TAVI were evaluated. A total of 183 patients who met the study criteria were included. According to pre-procedural TTE findings, patients were categorized based on mitral regurgitation (MR) as 120 patients (66.3%) with none/mild MR and 61 patients (33.7%) with moderate/severe MR. Based on tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity, 131 patients (72%) had none/mild TR and 51 patients (28%) had moderate/severe TR (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mean age of the patients was 77.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6 years, with 81 patients (44.3%) being male. The mean BMI was 27.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.8 kg/m\u0026sup2;. The mean STS score was 5.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3. In subgroup analysis, patients with moderate/severe MR had a higher STS score (6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4) compared to those with none/mild MR (4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.8) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Similarly, the STS score was higher in the moderate/severe TR group (7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.5) than in the none/mild TR group (4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Median NT-proBNP level was 1747 ng/L (range 47\u0026ndash;60,000), but was significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe MR (3583 ng/L) and TR (6616 ng/L) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001, respectively). A total of 23 patients (12.6%) had an intracardiac device, which was more frequent in the moderate/severe TR group (21.6%) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02). Rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, renal disease, and chronic pulmonary disease were 82.4%, 42.6%, 58.5%, 22.4%, and 18%, respectively, with no significant differences between groups (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;1.2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN:183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN:120 66,3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN:61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN:131 72%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN:51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;ss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,08\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,65\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender/ M\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(39,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(52,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,11\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(51%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,24\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBMI kg/m\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrtalama\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;ss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,87\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,62\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBSA m\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;ss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,25\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTS Score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;ss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNYHA 1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(50,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(34,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(59,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(27,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNYHA 3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(49,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(65,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(72,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAD\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135 (75,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,35\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(74%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,44\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50%\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(16,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAF\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNT-proBNP\u003c/strong\u003e ng/L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedian, Q1-Q3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1747\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47-60000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1361(47-35335)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3583(114-60069)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1385(47-35000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6616(114-60069)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDevice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(14,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,91\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePPM\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICD\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCRT-D\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eMR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mitral Regurgitation; TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid Regurgitation; BMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;body mass index; BSA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Body Surface Area; STS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Society of Thoracic Surgeons; NYHA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New York Heart Association; CAD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Coronary Artery Disease; LVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventriculer ejection fraction; AF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Atrial fibrilation; PPM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Permanent pacemaker; ICD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Implanted cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT-D\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Cardiac resynchronization therapy-Defibrillator\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1.2. Baseline Characteristics (\u003cem\u003econtinue\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:183\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:61\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33,7%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:131 72%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:51\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmoke,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,51\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(39,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArterial hypertension,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(82,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(82,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(81,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,89\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(84%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(78,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,39\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiabetes mellitus,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(42,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(43,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,87\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (42,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,86\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDyslipidemia,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(63,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(57,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(60,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,73\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCerebrovascular event,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,61\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,12\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOPD,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(14,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,79\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,84\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRenal Disease,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(22,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(22,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,94\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,55\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePAD,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,38\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,96\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Values are mean \u0026plusmn;SD or n (%) p value\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMR= Mitral Regurgitation; TR= Tricuspid Regurgitation; COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD= Peripheral arterial disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedication of patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACEi or ARB\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(42,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(31,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,09\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(43,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,71\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta blocker\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(61,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,006\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(59,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(68,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntihyperlipidemic\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,29\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(45%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,78\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMRAs\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,76\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,19\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLoop di\u0026uuml;retic\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(16,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,82\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiazid di\u0026uuml;retic\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(14,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,32\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCalcium channel blockers\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,55\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,14\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDigoxin\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,74\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntiarrhythmic\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,54\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,51\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnticoagulant\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(27,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(33,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVKA\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOAC\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntiplatelet\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylsalicyc acid\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(79,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(75,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,44\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(82,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(70,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKlopidogrel\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(75,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(67,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(64,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,09\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eMR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mitral Regurgitation; TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid Regurgitation; ACEi\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensin receptor blocker; MRAs\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; VKA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Vitamin K antagonists; NOAC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New oral anticoagulants\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedural Characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the TAVI procedures, 23 patients (12.6%) received balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN prosthetic valves, and 160 patients (87.5%) received self-expandable CoreValve prosthetic valves. The Edwards SAPIEN valve was implanted more frequently in the moderate/severe MR group (21.3%, 13 patients) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02). Among the self-expandable valves, 152 (83.1%) were second-generation CoreValve prostheses. The most commonly implanted valve size was 29 mm (48%, 73 patients), with no significant difference between groups. A total of 24 patients (13.4%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to TAVI, most commonly involving the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (8.7%, 16 patients). Post-procedural permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) was required in 17 patients (9.3%). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of PCI or PPM (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of the patients regarding the TAVI procedure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdwards SAPIEN\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,25\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (43,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (34,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (21,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.Generation Corevalve\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (62,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (37,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Generation Evolute R\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152 (83,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(85%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(78,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(84%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,74\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0, 7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (33,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34 mm\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (15,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePVL\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(46,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(49,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,45\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(46,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,73\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMild\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(45,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCI before the procedure\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,96\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(14,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,47\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLAD\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCx\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRCA\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-procedure PPM\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,79\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,78\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eMR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mitral Regurgitation; TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid Regurgitation; PVL\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Paravalvuler leak; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; LAD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left anterior descending artery; Cx\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Circumflex artery; RCA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right coronary artery; PPM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Permanent pacemaker\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreprocedural Echocardiographic Features\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the preprocedural TTE, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 54.2% \u0026plusmn; 12 for all patients. LVEF was significantly lower in the moderate/severe MR group (49.7% \u0026plusmn; 13.5, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the moderate/severe TR group (49.1% \u0026plusmn; 15.1, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). The average left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 129\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37 g/m\u0026sup2; overall and was higher in the moderate/severe TR group (139.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40 g/m\u0026sup2;, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04). Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) averaged 2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6 m/s across the cohort but was significantly higher in both the moderate/severe MR group (3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6 m/s, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the moderate/severe TR group (3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4 m/s, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 39.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16 mmHg, and again significantly higher in both moderate/severe MR (47.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.5 mmHg, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and moderate/severe TR (57.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9 mmHg, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) groups (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4.1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEchocardiography characteristics of the patients before the procedure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:131 72%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF, %\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVEF, %\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,27\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,09\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEDD, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,87\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,92\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVESD, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLA, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRV, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,62\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIVS, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,17\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,54\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePW, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRWT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVMI, (g/m2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAVA, (cm2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,47\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,04\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAVmax(m/sn)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,74\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,52\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAort Max Gradient(mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,49\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAort Mean Gradient (mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,83\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTAPSE (mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,46\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVSM (cm/san)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,38\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,56\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTRV (m/san)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esPAP (mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eMR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mitral Regurgitation; TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid Regurgitation; LVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction; RVEF; Right ventricular systolic ejection fraction; LVEDD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular end systolic diameter; LA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left atrial diameter; RV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular diameter; IVS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Interventricular septum; PW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Posterior wall; RWT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Relative wall thickness; LVMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular mass index; AVA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Aort valve area; TAPSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Systolic pulmonary artery pressure\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.2. Echocardiography characteristics of the patients before the procedure \u003cem\u003e(continue)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"614\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:183\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:61\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33,7%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:131 72%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:51\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral Stenosis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(95,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(90,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(95,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(90,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,61\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAortic Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(83,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(73,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,36\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(86,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(64,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(16,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(26,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(66,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(31,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(%33,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(%20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(68,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(72%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(86,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(42,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(28%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(57,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Values are mean \u0026plusmn;SD or n (%) p value\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMR= Mitral Regurgitation; TR= Tricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-procedural Clinical Outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver a median follow-up period of 2.26 years, 68 patients (37.2%) experienced the composite primary endpoint, which included all-cause mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure. In the group with no or mild MR, 37 patients (30.8%) reached the primary endpoint, compared to 30 patients (49.2%) in the moderate/severe MR group \u0026mdash; a statistically significant difference (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.21\u0026ndash;3.50; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007). In the TR groups, 45 patients (34.4%) with no or mild TR and 23 patients (45.1%) with moderate/severe TR reached the primary endpoint (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.80\u0026ndash;2.35; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.23).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll-cause mortality occurred in 56 patients (30.6%), and was significantly higher in the moderate/severe MR group (41%, 25 patients; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04), whereas no significant difference was observed between TR groups. Hospitalizations due to heart failure occurred in 20 patients (10.9%) overall, with a significantly higher rate in the moderate/severe MR group (18%, 11 patients; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04). In contrast, the rate of heart failure-related hospitalization did not significantly differ between TR groups (Figs. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.-3.-4.; Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:120 66,3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR None/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:131 72%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(30,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(49,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(34,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(45,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll cause mortality\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(30,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(26,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeart failure-related hospitalization\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,29\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1-year primary outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e, n(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(14.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,24\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFollow-up, Month\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedyan, Q1-Q3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,5\u0026ndash;50,1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,2\u0026ndash;50,0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,5\u0026ndash;48,3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,9\u0026ndash;49,8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9,7\u0026ndash;53,7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eMR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mitral Regurgitation; TR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-procedural Echocardiographic Features\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the VARC-3 criteria, transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were available for 174 patients (95.1%) in the early post-procedural period (0\u0026ndash;3 months, median: 1 month) and for 126 patients (68.9%) in the late post-procedural period (after 3 months, median: 14 months). The mean LVEF for all patients was 54.2% \u0026plusmn;12 before the procedure, which increased to 54.9% \u0026plusmn;12 in the early post-procedural period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), and to 56.9% \u0026plusmn;10 in the late post-procedural period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating a significant improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-procedural mean LVMI was 129.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37 g/m\u0026sup2;, which significantly decreased to 121.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;30 g/m\u0026sup2; in the early post-procedural period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), and further to 118.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31 g/m\u0026sup2; in the late period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01). Similarly, TRV values decreased from 2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6 m/s pre-procedure to 2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6 m/s in the early period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), and to 2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 m/s in the late period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) decreased from 39.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16 mmHg before TAVI to 35.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.6 mmHg in the early period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), and to 31.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.7 mmHg in the late period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6.1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre-procedural, Post-procedural early period, and Post-procedural late period Follow-up Echocardiographic Characteristics of All Patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en: 183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;3. Month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95,1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en:126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68,9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF, %\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVEF, %\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,11\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEDD, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,42\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVESD, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,46\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLA, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,81\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,66\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRV, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIVS, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePD, (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,056\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRWT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,95\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVMI, (g/m2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121,0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAVmax(m/sn)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAort Max Gradient (mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAort Mean Gradient (mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTAPSE (mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVSM (cm/san)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,15\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,11\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTRV (m/san)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esPAP (mmhg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e* Values are mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD or n (%) p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eLVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction; RVEF; Right ventricular systolic ejection fraction; LVEDD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular end systolic diameter; LA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left atrial diameter; RV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular diameter; IVS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Interventricular septum; PW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Posterior wall; RWT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Relative wall thickness; LVMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular mass index; AVA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Aort valve area; TAPSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Systolic pulmonary artery pressure\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChanges in Valve Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong patients with moderate/severe MR before TAVI (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;61, 33.7%), the number significantly decreased to 40 (23.1%) in the early post-procedural period (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and to 26 (20.7%) in the late period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). For patients with moderate/severe TR (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;51, 28%), the number decreased to 41 (23.6%) in the early period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.08) and to 19 (15.1%) in the late period (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008). While the early decrease in TR was not statistically significant, the late-period decrease was (Figs. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.- 6.; Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6.2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 6.2. Pre-procedural, Post-procedural early period, and Post-procedural late period Follow-up Echocardiographic Characteristics of All Patients\u003cem\u003e(continue)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaseline\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en: 183\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0-3. Month\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:174\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95,1%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;3 month\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en:126\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e68,9%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral Stenosis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(94,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5,5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAortic Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(98,8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(97,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(66,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(79,3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(33,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20,7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNone/Mild,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(72%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76,4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,08\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(84,9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,008\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModerate/Severe,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (28%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (23,6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (15,1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Values are mean \u0026plusmn;SD or n (%) p value\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on TTE comparisons, in the early post-procedural period, 133 patients (77.3%) showed no change in MR grade, 35 (20.3%) had improvement, and 4 (2.3%) had worsening (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In the late period, 66 patients (52.3%) showed no change, 49 (38.8%) showed improvement, and 11 (8.7%) showed worsening in MR grade (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e.). There was no statistically significant difference in primary outcomes between patients whose MR improved and those with stable or worsened MR in the late period (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.17\u0026ndash;1.08; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.08) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor TR, early post-procedural outcomes showed 133 patients (76.4%) had no change, 31 (17.8%) improved, and 10 (5.7%) worsened (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.08). In the late period, 66 patients (52.4%) showed no change, 39 (30.9%) improved, and 21 (16.6%) worsened (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e.). As with MR, no significant difference in the primary outcome was observed between those with improved TR and those without improvement (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.22\u0026ndash;1.61; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.34) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactors Affecting the Primary Endpoint\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn univariate analysis, male sex, higher STS score, NYHA class III\u0026ndash;IV, presence of CAD, LVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50%, elevated NT-proBNP, renal disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial (LA) enlargement, elevated sPAP, and presence of MR were identified as poor prognostic indicators. In multivariate analysis, a higher STS score (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03\u0026ndash;1.39; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01) and the presence of AF (HR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.05\u0026ndash;5.75; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03) remained independent predictors of the primary endpoint. Presence or severity of MR was not independently associated with the primary endpoint (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.62\u0026ndash;4.92; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.28) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePredictors of Primary Outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.934 (1.186\u0026ndash;3.153)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.758 (0.627\u0026ndash;4.928)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,28\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTricuspid regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.351 (0.815\u0026ndash;2.239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,24\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.028 (0.989\u0026ndash;1.068)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender/ M\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.750 (1.075\u0026ndash;2.847)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.201 (0.301\u0026ndash;1.524)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTS Score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.254 (1.169\u0026ndash;1.345)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.201 (1.036\u0026ndash;1.392)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNYHA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.239 (1.931\u0026ndash;5.433)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmoker\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.440 (0.881\u0026ndash;2.354)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,14\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArterial hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.783 (0.879\u0026ndash;3.616)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.868 (1.013\u0026ndash;3.445)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.723 (0.945\u0026ndash;7.849)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.986 (1.142\u0026ndash;3.452)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.156 (0.364\u0026ndash;3.671)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,80\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNT-proBNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.029 (1.330\u0026ndash;3.095)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.560 (0.612\u0026ndash;3.977)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,35\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRenal disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.830 (1.062\u0026ndash;3.154)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.453 (1.453\u0026ndash;4.143)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.468 (1.059\u0026ndash;5.751)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACEi or ARB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.074 (0.623\u0026ndash;1.851)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,79\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta blocker\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013 (0.610\u0026ndash;1.681)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,96\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987 (0.969\u0026ndash;1.005)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVEF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.957 (0.899\u0026ndash;1.019)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.830 (1.281\u0026ndash;2.614)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.210 (0.655\u0026ndash;2.234)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,54\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTAPSE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.945 (0.877\u0026ndash;1.019)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,14\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVSM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.931 (0.831\u0026ndash;1.042)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTRV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.286 (0.914\u0026ndash;1.809)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,14\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esPAP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.015 (1.001\u0026ndash;1.029)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,03\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.995 (0.966\u0026ndash;1.026)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,76\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCI before the procedure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.920 (0.932\u0026ndash;3.955)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eCox univariate and multivariate model, P value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eHR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Hazard ratio; CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Confidence interval\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eSTS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Society of Thoracic Surgeons; NYHA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New York Heart Association; CAD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Coronary Artery Disease; LVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventriculer ejection fraction; AF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Atrial fibrilation; ACEi\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensin receptor blocker; RVEF; Right ventricular ejection fraction; LA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left atrial diameter; TAPSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Percutaneous coronary intervention\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactors Affecting the Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn multivariate analysis, the use of beta-blockers (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09\u0026ndash;0.69; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007) and left atrial enlargement (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22\u0026ndash;0.73; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004) were found to be independent predictors of MR improvement (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). For TR improvement in the late post-procedural period, higher TRV values were found to be a negative prognostic factor (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 1.43\u0026ndash;14.8; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate and multivariate analysis for prediction of mitral regurgitation improvement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.971 (0.920\u0026ndash;1.025)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,28\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTS Score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.938 (0.821\u0026ndash;1.071)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.434 (0.619\u0026ndash;3.326)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,40\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.660 (0.282\u0026ndash;1.544)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,33\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNT-proBNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.808 (0.435\u0026ndash;1.503)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,35\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.450 (0.668\u0026ndash;3.149)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRenal disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.059 (0.741\u0026ndash;5.719)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.013 (0.650\u0026ndash;6.232)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,22\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.277 (0.483\u0026ndash;3.377)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,62\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACEi or ARB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708 (0.318\u0026ndash;1.577)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,39\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta bloker\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.274 (0.107\u0026ndash;0.702)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.261 (0.098\u0026ndash;0.691)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.020 (0.992\u0026ndash;1.049)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,15\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999 (0.954\u0026ndash;1.046)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,96\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVESD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.716 (0.460\u0026ndash;1.115)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,14\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.920 (0.435\u0026ndash;1.898)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,75\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.410 (0.229\u0026ndash;0.734)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.406 (0.219\u0026ndash;0.755)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esPAP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.980 (0.959\u0026ndash;1.002)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.990 (0.965\u0026ndash;1.015)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,43\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAortic Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.564 (0.182\u0026ndash;1.752)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.589 (0.285\u0026ndash;8.862)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,38\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTricuspid Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.824 (0.299\u0026ndash;2.267)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.821 (0.052\u0026ndash;1.223)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,35\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProthesis valve size\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.860 (0.759\u0026ndash;0.974)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.921 (0.684\u0026ndash;1.241)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,59\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCI before the procedure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.157 (0.705\u0026ndash;14.124)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.822 (0.976\u0026ndash;23.833)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,054\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-procedure PPM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256 (0.033\u0026ndash;2.019)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,19\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.556 (0.423\u0026ndash;29.902)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eLogistic univariate and multivariate model, P value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Odds ratio; CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Confidence interval\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eSTS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Society of Thoracic Surgeons; CAD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Coronary Artery Disease; AF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Atrial fibrilation; ACEi\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensinogen was converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular end-sistolic diameter; LA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left atrial diameter; SPAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Permenant pacemaker\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate and multivariate analysis for prediction of tricuspid regurgitation improvement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.965 (0.898\u0026ndash;1.038)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.780 (0.181\u0026ndash;3.355)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,73\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.336 (0.073\u0026ndash;1.548)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.282 (0.047\u0026ndash;1.683)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNYHA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.616 (0.314\u0026ndash;1.209)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,15\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.153 (0.458\u0026ndash;10.131)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,33\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.324 (0.402\u0026ndash;4.367)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,64\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVEF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.963 (0.920\u0026ndash;1.008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.967 (0.904\u0026ndash;1.034)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,32\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVEF\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.948 (0.778\u0026ndash;1.155)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,59\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.144 (0.484\u0026ndash;9.499)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.872 (0.462\u0026ndash;1.645)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,67\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTAPSE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.046 (0.913\u0026ndash;1.199)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,51\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRVSM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.937 (0.736\u0026ndash;1.192)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,59\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTRV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.492 (1.146\u0026ndash;5.421)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,02\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.625 (1.436\u0026ndash;14.897)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,01\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esPAP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.035 (0.998\u0026ndash;1.073)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,06\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAortic Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,727 (0.218\u0026ndash;2.430)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,66\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMitral Regurgitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.418 (0.508\u0026ndash;3.960)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,50\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProthesis valve size\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.194 (1.000-1.426)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,04\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.153 (0.900-1.477)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0,26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eLogistic univariate and multivariate model, P value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Odds ratio; CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Confidence interval\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eCAD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Coronary Artery Disease; NYHA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New York Heart Association; LVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular ejection fraction; LA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Left atrial diameter; TAPSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion; RVsm\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Right ventricular systolic motion tissue doppler imaging; TRV\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; SPAP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Systolic pulmonary artery pressure\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe prognostic impact of preprocedural mitral regurgitation (MR) severity on mortality or heart failure (HF)-related hospitalizations in patients undergoing TAVI remains a matter of debate in the literature. In our study, among patients followed for a median of 2.26 years (range: 9.5\u0026ndash;50.1 months), the rate of the primary composite endpoint \u0026mdash; all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalization \u0026mdash; was significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe MR group compared to the none-to-mild MR group. The increased rate of adverse outcomes in the moderate-to-severe MR group may be attributed to the higher STS scores, elevated NT-proBNP levels, greater proportion of patients in NYHA class III-IV, increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), lower LVEF, and higher TRV and sPAP values in this cohort. These findings suggest that the moderate-to-severe MR group consisted of a higher-risk population. However, MR severity alone was not identified as an independent predictor of the primary outcome.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the SAVR cohort of the PARTNER trial, MR was associated with mortality, whereas in the TAVI cohort, no such relationship was observed in the long term (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). A 2020 meta-analysis by Sethi et al. involving 32,257 patients showed increased mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe MR; however, MR severity was not an independent predictor of mortality. Instead, this group appeared to represent a sicker population (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Similar conclusions were drawn by Hutter et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). In a 2021 study by Zhang et al., MR severity was not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality but was identified as an independent predictor of HF-related hospitalizations (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Likewise, a 2022 study by Twing et al. found that while MR severity was not linked to all-cause death, it was associated with increased risk of HF-related hospitalizations (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarlier meta-analyses by Chakravarty (2015), Sannino (2014), and Takagi (2015) suggested that MR was an independent risk factor for mortality in TAVI patients (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). However, these studies are relatively older and included shorter follow-up periods, which may explain discrepancies in outcomes. It has been postulated that discrepancies in survival data may be influenced by MR etiology (primary vs. secondary) and prosthetic valve type. In Sannino\u0026rsquo;s meta-analysis, it was suggested that deep implantation of self-expanding valves could restrict anterior mitral leaflet motion, contributing to higher mortality in moderate-to-severe MR patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMuratori and Kindya et al. have reported that primary MR, compared to functional MR, was a stronger negative prognostic factor for mortality and HF-related hospitalizations, respectively (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). Conversely, Chakravarty and Costantino et al. reported no association between MR etiology, prosthetic valve type, and mortality (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Most recently, a 2023 study by Doldi et al. showed no difference in 3-year mortality among patients with atrial functional MR, ventricular functional MR, or primary MR (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). The observed association in our study between left atrial (LA) dilatation and MR improvement may suggest a predominance of atrial functional MR in our population; however, we did not classify patients based on MR etiology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have identified predictors of MR improvement as absence of AF, use of beta-blockers, absence of ACS history, lower sPAP, and higher LVEF (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). The findings of our study regarding the association of beta-blocker use and LA dilatation with MR improvement are in line with these observations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur results on the association between MR and the primary outcome are consistent with recent literature. Most studies in the field report follow-up durations of 30 days, 3\u0026ndash;6 months, or 1 year, and nearly all are observational. The extended follow-up in our study represents a major strength. Despite this long follow-up, MR severity was still not an independent predictor of survival. Given the challenges in accurately identifying MR etiology in TAVI patients, the absence of standardized criteria in previous studies, the frequent occurrence of mixed MR (primary\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;secondary), and the lack of association between MR etiology and survival in recent studies, we did not categorize patients based on MR etiology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome between patients categorized according to tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that TR severity was not an independent predictor of the primary outcome. A meta-analysis by Takagi et al. reported that moderate-to-severe TR was associated with a twofold increase in mortality at both 30-day and 6\u0026ndash;30-month follow-ups among TAVI patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, a registry-based study by Barvalia et al. showed no impact of moderate-to-severe TR on 30-day hospitalizations, although it was associated with 30-day mortality (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). A study by Barbanti et al. indicated that while TR severity was not associated with 2-year mortality overall, it did predict mortality in patients with LVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;40%, losing significance in those with LVEF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;40% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, Lindman et al. found that TR severity was linked to 1-year mortality in TAVI patients, but this prognostic relevance diminished in those with concomitant moderate-to-severe MR (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Pavasini et al., in a meta-analysis, also concluded that TR severity did not affect mortality among TAVI patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). These findings suggest that TR may have prognostic significance only in selected patient subgroups, such as those without concomitant MR and with preserved LVEF. A 2023 study by Rao VN et al. showed that the prognostic significance of severe TR varied across four clinical categories of newly diagnosed TR patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, although patients in the moderate-to-severe TR group had worse clinical and echocardiographic profiles compared to the none-to-mild group, there was no significant difference in primary outcomes. Therefore, we did not further stratify by clinical characteristics. Overall, we found that preprocedural TR severity was not a prognostic indicator for all-cause mortality or HF-related hospitalization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of valve regurgitation improvement, at early follow-up, 20.3% of patients showed at least a one-grade improvement in MR, increasing to 38.8% at late follow-up. For TR, the improvement rates were 17.8% and 30.9% at early and late follow-ups, respectively. Despite these improvements, there was no significant association with the primary outcome.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have reported post-TAVI MR improvement in 25\u0026ndash;78% of patients during early or late follow-up (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). The variability in reported rates may be due to differences in MR assessment methods, classification, and patient characteristics. Our findings are consistent with the literature in demonstrating MR improvement in both early and late phases following TAVI. A 2020 study by Lubovich et al., which evaluated 3-month follow-up echocardiography in 35 patients, found no association between MR improvement and mortality (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, Miura et al. observed a 77% MR improvement rate at 6-month follow-up and reported a reduction in HF-related hospitalizations, although there was no association with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). In our study, MR improvement was not associated with either all-cause mortality or HF-related hospitalizations. The inclusion of both early and late follow-up echocardiographic assessments, as well as the relatively long follow-up period, enhances the significance of our study in evaluating the prognostic role of MR improvement in TAVI patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies have shown TR improvement rates ranging from 15\u0026ndash;58% in early and late follow-up after TAVI (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). In Takagi\u0026rsquo;s meta-analysis, TR improvement rates were reported as 15\u0026ndash;35% at 1 month and 30\u0026ndash;60% at 6 months to 1 year (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). A retrospective study by Schwartz et al., which evaluated 6-month echocardiographic data, showed TR improvement in 58% of patients, and this improvement was associated with better survival. They also found that larger tricuspid annular diameter, presence of AF, and elevated sPAP were poor prognostic indicators for TR improvement (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). In our study, TR improvement occurred in 17.8% of patients at early follow-up and 30.9% at late follow-up. We found that higher TRV was a negative predictor of TR improvement, consistent with the literature. However, in our cohort, TR improvement was not associated with better primary outcomes. The differences between our findings and Schwartz\u0026rsquo;s may stem from methodological variations in TR assessment, our smaller sample size, inclusion of HF-related hospitalizations in the primary endpoint, and the analysis of late follow-up echocardiographic data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLimitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most significant limitation of our study is its retrospective and single-center design. Due to the long follow-up period, echocardiographic evaluations were performed by different physicians, and assessments were mostly based on semi-quantitative parameters. Additional limitations include a certain degree of data loss during long-term follow-up, heterogeneity in the timing of echocardiographic evaluations, the lack of classification of valve pathologies according to etiology, and the relatively small number of patients showing changes in regurgitation severity over time\u0026mdash;all of which may have influenced the study outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, in our study evaluating pre-, early-, and late-postprocedural echocardiographic parameters of patients undergoing successful TAVI, patients with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation (MR) prior to the procedure had higher rates of all-cause mortality and heart failure\u0026ndash;related hospitalizations compared to those with none-to-mild MR. However, this difference was attributed to the comorbid clinical characteristics of the moderate-to-severe MR group. When comparing TR severity groups, no significant difference in clinical outcomes was observed. Although MR severity appeared as a clinical predictor of the primary outcome in univariate analysis, it lost its prognostic value in multivariate analysis. Similarly, preprocedural TR severity was not associated with the primary outcome.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe observed a significant improvement in MR during both early and late follow-up periods. TR showed no significant improvement in the early phase but demonstrated a statistically significant reduction at late follow-up. Nevertheless, improvements in MR or TR after the procedure were not associated with differences in the primary outcome. Beta-blocker use and left atrial dilation were identified as predictors of MR improvement, while higher TRV was found to be a negative predictor of TR improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn patients evaluated for severe aortic stenosis, coexisting MR or TR severity should not be considered contraindications for TAVI. In particular, in high-risk or elderly patients who may require double-valve replacement, performing TAVI first and then monitoring other valve pathologies may be a reasonable treatment strategy. Predictors of postprocedural MR or TR improvement should be carefully considered and integrated into the treatment plan. Although our study contributes to the existing literature, s\u0026uuml;rter studies are warranted.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthical approval\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthical approval for this retrospective observational study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Ege University Faculty of Medicine (Approval No: 22-10.1T/33, Date: 20.10.2022). As the study involved retrospective analysis of anonymized patient data, the requirement for informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eM.R.K. and E.D. designed the study and performed the data analysis. O.A.G. and M.A. contributed to data collection and interpretation. H.P. and O.Y. performed the TAVI procedures. O.Y. also supervised the research process. S.N. critically reviewed the manuscript. M.R.K. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Figures 1\u0026ndash;10 and Tables 1\u0026ndash;9. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The data used in this study were obtained from the archive of Ege University Faculty of Medicine. The authors would like to thank the institution for its support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEnriquez-Sarano M, G\u0026ouml;ssl M, Prendergast B, Michelena HI (2020) Valvular heart diseases surveillance: a commanding necessity. \u003cem\u003eMayo Clin Proc\u003c/em\u003e. ;95(12):2585\u0026ndash;2588. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.009\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOtto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP III, Gentile F et al (2021) 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. 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J Am Soc Echocardiogr 30(1):36\u0026ndash;46. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.010\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.010\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Aortic valve stenosis, Mitral regurgitation, Transcatheter aortic valve implantation, Tricuspid regurgitation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7244280/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7244280/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e The prognostic significance of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e In this single-center retrospective study, 183 patients who underwent successful TAVI between December 2012 and October 2021 were evaluated. Echocardiographic assessments were performed pre-procedurally, in the early (0–3 months) and late (\u0026gt;3 months) post-procedural periods. Patients were categorized according to MR and TR severity. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Over a median follow-up of 2.26 years, 68 patients (37.2%) reached the primary endpoint. Event rates were higher in patients with moderate/severe MR (49.2%) and TR (45.1%) compared to those with no/mild regurgitation. However, adjusted analyses did not reveal a significant association between baseline MR or TR severity and the primary outcome. Improvement in MR was observed in 20.3% (early) and 38.8% (late), and in TR in 17.8% (early) and 30.9% (late) follow-up. Nevertheless, improvements in MR or TR severity were not significantly associated with survival. Beta-blocker use and left atrial dilation predicted MR improvement, whereas elevated tricuspid regurgitant velocity was a negative predictor for TR improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e Baseline MR and TR severity were not independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Although regurgitation severity improved after TAVI, this did not affect survival. Thus, MR or TR should not be considered contraindications for TAVI.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prognostic Impact and Improvement of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Observational Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-05 12:23:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7244280/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"66c662c4-75a9-4d1e-915b-11717aa09818","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-08T13:08:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-05 12:23:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7244280","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7244280","identity":"rs-7244280","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}