Cell-free long non-coding RNA-H19 and miRNA-29a, miRNA-29b expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] has been one of the common diseases and characterized by increased blood glucose levels. T2DM participates in several organ damages as well revealed that cell-free non-coding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve as important diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in the pathophysiology of diabetes.Materials/Methods: The present study included clinically confirmed untreated newly diagnosed 200 cases of T2DM and 200 healthy subjects. Blood samples collected in fluoride vials were used to check blood glucose for fasting and after 2 hours of breakfast (postprandial), blood samples collected in EDTA vials used for the Hba1c level.Blood samples from all the participants were collected in plain vials used for cell-free total RNA extraction. Total extracted RNA was quantified and 100ng was used to synthesized the cDNA for cell-free lncRNA H19, miRNA-29a, and miRNA-29b expression using specific primers/ probes using quantitative real-time PCR method. Serum Biochemical parameters were analyzed after collection of the sample to observe the changes among T2DM cases and healthy controls. Subjective data were recorded to evaluate the association with lncRNA H19, miRNA-29a, and miRNA-29b expression among T2DM cases. Results: It was observed that type 2 diabetic patients had decreased [0.59 fold] lncRNA H19 expression while increased miRNA-29a [5.62 fold] and miRNA-29b [5.58 fold] expression. Decreased expression of lncRNA H19 was observed to be associated with gender [p=0.004], hypertension [p<0.0001], weight loss [p=0.02] and fatigue [p=0.02]. Increased miRNA29a expression was linked with hypertension [p<0.0001], alcoholism [p=0.04], and smoking [p<0.0001] as well as miRNA-29b expression was associated with hypertension [p=0.0001], weight loss [p=0.002], smoking [p=0.0002], alcoholism [p<0.0001]. Low [<1 fold] and high [>1 fold] expression of lncRNA H19 expression was linked with miRNA-29a [p=0.005] and miRNA-29b [p<0.0001] expression. lncRNA H19 expression showed negative correlation with miRNA-29a expression [r= -27, p<0.0001] and miRNA-29b [r= -47, p<0.0001]. Conclusion: The present study concluded that lower lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, miRNA-29b expression associated with the severity of T2DM patients. Decreased lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, miRNA-29b expression observed to be interrelated with clinicopathological findings of T2DM patients could involve in pathogenesis disease.