Green 6G: Energy-Efficient User Association and Power Allocation with Locally Harvested Renewable Energy

Green 6G: Energy-Efficient User Association and Power Allocation with Locally Harvested Renewable Energy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Green 6G: Energy-Efficient User Association and Power Allocation with Locally Harvested Renewable Energy Abdulhalim Fayad, Tibor Cinkler, Jeroen Famaey, István Gódor This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7633072/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rising energy demand in urban 6G ultra-dense mmWave mobile networks will present economic and environmental concerns. Addressing these issues calls for efficient energy management frameworks that enhance the reliance of 6G networks on renewable energy sources while minimizing dependence on grid-based power. This is particularly important as base stations (BSs) are the most energy-intensive components in these networks. This paper focuses on the problem of User Association with Green Power Maximization. We propose intelligent load-based on-off switching mechanisms for grid-powered micro base stations (µBSs) and integrate renewable energy through energy harvesting techniques. The aim is to reduce the grid power consumption and promote sustainable 6G network operations. We formulate the problem as an integer linear program (ILP) to find the optimal solution. Moreover, we propose three heuristic solutions: Greedy Green User Allocation Strategy (GUAS), Random User Allocation Strategy (RUAS), and Sequential User Allocation Strategy (SUAS). We considered two dynamic µBS power models: a stepwise and a load based linear model. We evaluated our proposed solutions via simulations with both power models. Finally, we provide insights into how these solutions can significantly reduce CO2 emissions and carbon tax costs at the European level, highlighting their potential to drive the future of “Green Networks”. 6G Green Power consumption Renewable energy Optimization Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7633072","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":522106489,"identity":"1a734213-87d4-40c7-b20c-c989d4b02e44","order_by":0,"name":"Abdulhalim 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