Functions of serine from the phosphorylated pathway on growth, male gametogenesis, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha

Functions of serine from the phosphorylated pathway on growth, male gametogenesis, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Functions of serine from the phosphorylated pathway on growth, male gametogenesis, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha Masami Hirai, Mengyao Wang, Hiromitsu Tabeta, Kinuka Ohtaka, Ayuko Kuwahara, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2024 Read the published version in Communications Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Serine is an important precursor of various biomolecules. Here, we investigated the role of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in a non-vascular plant Marchantia polymorpha by analyzing knockout mutants of Mp PGDH , a single gene encoding the first committed enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH), to assess functions of this pathway in relation to those of the other two pathways. Growth phenotypes of the mutants indicated that serine supply from the phosphorylated pathway in the dark was crucial for vegetative growth. Sperm formation required serine from this pathway, while egg formation did not depend on it. Knockout of Mp PGDH in the maternal genome disrupted sporophyte development. When the mutants were grown in high CO 2 where the photorespiratory glycolate pathway for serine biosynthesis is inhibited, thallus growth was suppressed and not fully recovered to wild-type level by exogenous serine supplement, suggesting that serine homeostasis involving both the phosphorylated and glycolate pathways was essential. Metabolome and lipidome analyses indicated that the phosphorylated pathway mainly influenced the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and lack of serine significantly perturbed lipid metabolism. Our results indicate the importance of serine from the phosphorylated pathway for sperm formation, sporophyte development, and metabolism in M. polymorpha . Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant physiology Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant development Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryData.pdf Supplementary figures S1-S17, Supplementary Table S1, Supplementary Table S2, Supplementary Table S4 SupplementaryTableS3.xlsx Supplementary Table S3 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2024 Read the published version in Communications Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2663856","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":190037617,"identity":"2ebacce1-79a5-48ee-9e6f-3a91ccb74ad8","order_by":0,"name":"Masami 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Akashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiromichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Akashi","suffix":""},{"id":190037634,"identity":"0ec5ce47-7b9f-4731-83f5-b603b5bcf57e","order_by":11,"name":"Hiroshi Tsugawa","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2015-3958","institution":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiroshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsugawa","suffix":""},{"id":190037635,"identity":"1b61460f-7764-4259-81f0-cf3d0944ff5f","order_by":12,"name":"Tsubasa Shoji","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource 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Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryoichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Sato","suffix":""},{"id":190037639,"identity":"55d60e9d-77cf-4e5d-bc55-76e3776a08da","order_by":16,"name":"Ali Ferjani","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-3261","institution":"Tokyo Gakugei University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Ferjani","suffix":""},{"id":190037640,"identity":"4c0f9d06-dad2-41b4-9807-9557f0f1bf5c","order_by":17,"name":"Takayuki Kohchi","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-4872","institution":"Kyoto University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takayuki","middleName":"","lastName":"Kohchi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-03-07 07:05:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05746-6","type":"published","date":"2024-01-24T05:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":35547977,"identity":"9e5f715b-ea34-424e-9057-6c291f688ba0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:29:50","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":513114,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThallus growth in the male Mppgdh mutants. (a) Plants grown on ½ B5 agar medium for 14 days with or without serine supplementation under 16 h light/8 h dark (L/D) or continuous light (CL) conditions. Scale bars = 1 cm. (b) The fresh weight of Mppgdh-1, Mppgdh-2, and wild-type Tak-1. Data represent means ± SD of six biological replicates (n = 6). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p \u0026lt; 0.05) was performed in each group; columns with the same letter are not significantly different.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/f5e6eb6355e7ecc315e5b998.png"},{"id":35548079,"identity":"83e4c16b-e857-491b-9f17-9ffb0a7fe351","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:37:50","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":839328,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMale gametogenesis in the Mppgdh mutants. (a) Images of antheridial receptacles of Tak-1, Mppgdh-1, and Mppgdh-2 grown under L/D conditions (Scale bar = 1 cm). (b) The fresh weight of antheridial receptacles in (a). Data represent means ± SD of five biological replicates (n = 5). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p \u0026lt; 0.05) was performed (n.s., no significant difference). (c) The appearance of sperm clusters. The white sperm clusters (red arrowhead) were visible 10 min after dropping 50 μL water on the surface of antheridial receptacles. Scale bars = 1 mm. (d) Fluorescent staining of the sperm cells. The sperm cells in 10 μL water taken from (c) were visualized via Hoechst staining. The numbers of sperm cells in 1 μL water were counted (n = 3). Asterisk indicates statistically significant difference (p \u0026lt; 0.01) using Student’s t-test. (e) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showing the process of M. polymorpha male gamete development. Cells in an early-stage antheridium (left), a middle-stage antheridium (middle), and a mature antheridium (right) are shown. The white arrowhead indicates the flagella. C, cytoplasm; N, nucleus; F, flagella; M, mitochondria. Scale bars = 5 μm.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/611e09024a9aa5e16207f98a.png"},{"id":35547980,"identity":"8253ffdf-b12f-41fd-a950-ef2045189db4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:29:50","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":745809,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eOogenesis in the Mppgdh mutants. (a) Images of the archegonial receptacles of Tak-2 and Mppgdh-3 grown under L/D conditions. Scale bars = 1 mm. (b) The fresh weight of archegonial receptacles of Tak-2 and Mppgdh-3. Data represent means ± SD of 11 biological replicates (n = 11). Student’s t-test was performed (n.s., no significant difference). (c) The cross-section images of archegonia. Scale bars = 1 μm. E, egg cell; N, neck.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/d0b3679ef217027a2255a2a7.png"},{"id":35547375,"identity":"314a9b5e-95ec-4d68-9297-aacd3de623fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1203625,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSporulation in the female Mppgdh mutant following fertilization with sperm from the wild type. (a), (b) The sporulation on Tak-2 (a) and Mppgdh-3 (b) approximately 1-month post fertilization with sperm from Tak-1. Images are representative of three archegoniophores. Scale bars = 1 mm. (c)-(h) The cross-section images of sporophytes at 1-week (c, d), 2-week (e, f), and 3-week (g, h) post fertilization. Tak-2 x Tak-1 (c, e, g), Mppgdh-3 x Tak-1 (d, f, h). Scale bars = 1 μm. C, calyptra; F, foot; S, seta; Sp, sporangium.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/643fdfd2a3786f3788da982a.png"},{"id":35547371,"identity":"89986069-694c-485f-b0a7-a3fd0d501727","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":40184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003expression of the spermatogenesis - related genes in antheridial receptacles . The transcript levels of the genes with known functions in spermatogenesis were determined in the antheridial receptacles of Tak - 1 , Mppgdh - 1 , and Mppgdh - 2 grown under L/D conditions using real -time polymerase chain reaction (qRT -PCR) (n = 3 ) . MpACT1 was used as an internal control . Fold change to the expression level in Tak - 1 was calculated and presented as a heatmap . Different letters indicate significant differences between the lines . Columns with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s test following ANOVA, p \u0026lt; 0 .05 , n . s. , no significant difference).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/a4b95889bfa30029c4ae4d34.png"},{"id":35547379,"identity":"33c967a9-e9a7-4246-a3f6-746346242992","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":69391,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in metabolome in 14-day-old thalli of the Mppgdh mutants. (a) PCA score plot of Tak-1 and Mppgdh-1 thallus samples grown under L/D, L/D + serine, and CL conditions (n = 4). (b), (c) Venn diagrams showing the number of significantly decreased metabolites (b) and increased metabolites (c) in thalli of Mppgdh-1. (d) KEGG pathway enrichment of common DAMs under L/D and CL conditions shown in (b) and (c). (e), (f) Venn diagrams showing the number of significantly decreased metabolites (e) and increased metabolites (f) in thalli of Mppgdh-1 and Mppgdh-3 under L/D conditions. (g) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of common DAMs shown in (e) and (f). In (d) and (g), vertical and horizontal axes indicate the metabolite set and the value of –log10(p-value), respectively. The bubble size corresponds to the enrichment ratio. The color bar indicates the corrected p-value; yellow and navy blue represent higher and lower values, respectively. Dopa, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/e99a919a13a04eab3eee89c9.png"},{"id":35548431,"identity":"65b48e1b-853d-4149-b201-79c5bc43b567","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:45:50","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":19075,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in metabolome in antheridial receptacles of Mppgdh-1. (a) PCA score plot of the antheridial receptacle (stage 4) samples grown under L/D conditions (n = 5). (b) Volcano plot showing the DAMs in antheridial receptacles of Mppgdh-1. Red dots and blue squares represent significantly increased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.01, fold change \u0026gt; 2) and decreased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.01, fold change \u0026lt; 0.5) metabolites, respectively, in Mppgdh-1. Black triangles represent no significant differences between Tak-1 and Mppgdh-1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/6a6cc9b84a8b1c8d79442a52.png"},{"id":35547374,"identity":"1c110783-a82d-4a9d-ba8d-07ee92689c8a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45618,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in lipidome in 14-day-old thalli of the Mppgdh mutants. (a), (b) PCA score plots of male (a) and female (b) thallus samples grown under L/D, L/D + serine, and CL conditions (n = 3). (c), (d) Venn diagrams showing the significantly decreased (c) and increased (d) lipid classes in thalli of Mppgdh-1 and Mppgdh-3 under L/D and CL conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/b317e7e40ffef4111cf14239.png"},{"id":35547975,"identity":"a3c7d06a-ddb9-4e2e-b57c-33357aedd9db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:29:50","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":15598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in lipidome in antheridial receptacles of Mppgdh-1. (a) PCA score plot of the antheridial receptacle samples grown under L/D condition (n = 4). (b) Volcano plot showing the DALCs in antheridial receptacles of Mppgdh-1. Red dots and blue squares represent significantly increased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.05, fold change \u0026gt; 2) and decreased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.05, fold change \u0026lt; 0.5) lipid classes, respectively, in Mppgdh-1. Black triangles represent no significant differences between Tak-1 and Mppgdh-1. Abbreviations are defined in Supplemental Table S4.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/5b1cacb5f91754255a523848.png"},{"id":35548514,"identity":"c2524d54-e140-4c24-907f-49717df42eb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:53:50","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":405507,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGrowth and metabolic phenotypes of male Mppgdh mutants under high CO2 conditions. (a) Plants grown on ½ B5 agar medium for 14 days under L/D conditions in ambient CO2 (400 ppm) or high CO2 (3000 ppm) with or without serine supplementation. Scale bars = 1 cm. (b) The fresh weight of Tak-1 and Mppgdh mutants. Data represent means ± SD of six biological replicates (n = 6). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was performed (p \u0026lt; 0.05) in each growth condition; columns with the same letter indicate no significant differences. Student’s t-test was performed in each line grown under ambient CO2 and high CO2 conditions. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (Student’s t-test, *p \u0026lt; 0.05, **p \u0026lt; 0.01). (c), (d) PCA score plots of the metabolome (c) and lipidome data (d) in 14-day-old thalli of Tak-1 and Mppgdh-1 grown under high CO2 conditions with or without serine supplementation (n = 4). (e)-(h) Volcano plots showing DAMs (e, f) and DALCs (g, h) in Mppgdh-1 under the two growth conditions. Red dots and blue squares represent significantly increased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.01, fold change \u0026gt; 2) and decreased (p-value \u0026lt; 0.01, fold change \u0026lt; 0.5) metabolites or lipid classes, respectively, in Mppgdh-1. Black triangles represent no significant differences between Tak-1 and Mppgdh-1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/213ed7bd5c9be64097fabc17.png"},{"id":35547383,"identity":"7226a06b-7f7c-4f54-9355-165ee6ba607a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":364583,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eProposed model of serine homeostasis in M. polymorpha. In M. polymorpha, three pathways are involved in serine synthesis. The phosphorylated pathway is the primary serine synthesis pathway when the glycolate pathway is inactive in the dark or in high CO2 levels. Phosphorylated and glycolate pathways maintain stability in vivo serine homeostasis for normal growth and development. The phosphorylated pathway plays a unique role in male gametogenesis by affecting the expression of chromatin assembly-related genes (MpPRM and MpHMGBOX4) during spermatogenesis. Phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB) disruption causes metabolic and lipidomic disorders. The existence and function of the glycerate pathway remain unclear (dashed line). The mechanism via which serine affects gene expression is elusive (dotted line).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Primaryfigures11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/1ec6abdfecdaa179b4e58f6b.png"},{"id":50202919,"identity":"0cf62f32-9298-44a8-bd51-6519fc023e9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-26 08:10:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1255992,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Maintext.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1_covered_d14cc412-61b7-4db7-800a-e1ab935a74f4.pdf"},{"id":35548078,"identity":"22b7da08-d513-4f83-861e-2ae67fc86864","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:37:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1689236,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary figures S1-S17, Supplementary Table S1, Supplementary Table S2, Supplementary Table S4","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryData.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/05ff6d0a9314ce0270a36ec5.pdf"},{"id":35547382,"identity":"530672d5-97d8-4be0-9a16-737ea082db09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-04-10 18:21:50","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":18899,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary Table S3","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTableS3.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2663856/v1/58fb2f59b76a570caf1703f6.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Functions of serine from the phosphorylated pathway on growth, male gametogenesis, and metabolism in \u003ci\u003eMarchantia polymorpha\u003c/i\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Serine is an important precursor of various biomolecules. Here, we investigated the role of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in a non-vascular plant \u003ci\u003eMarchantia polymorpha\u003c/i\u003e by analyzing knockout mutants of Mp\u003ci\u003ePGDH\u003c/i\u003e, a single gene encoding the first committed enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH), to assess functions of this pathway in relation to those of the other two pathways. Growth phenotypes of the mutants indicated that serine supply from the phosphorylated pathway in the dark was crucial for vegetative growth. Sperm formation required serine from this pathway, while egg formation did not depend on it. Knockout of Mp\u003ci\u003ePGDH\u003c/i\u003e in the maternal genome disrupted sporophyte development. When the mutants were grown in high CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e where the photorespiratory glycolate pathway for serine biosynthesis is inhibited, thallus growth was suppressed and not fully recovered to wild-type level by exogenous serine supplement, suggesting that serine homeostasis involving both the phosphorylated and glycolate pathways was essential. Metabolome and lipidome analyses indicated that the phosphorylated pathway mainly influenced the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and lack of serine significantly perturbed lipid metabolism. Our results indicate the importance of serine from the phosphorylated pathway for sperm formation, sporophyte development, and metabolism in \u003ci\u003eM. polymorpha\u003c/i\u003e.","manuscriptTitle":"Functions of serine from the phosphorylated pathway on growth, male gametogenesis, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-04-10 18:21:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2663856/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"communications-biology","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"commsbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [Communications Biology](http://www.nature.com/commsbio/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Communications Biology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Communications Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bbd45fc7-4086-4243-a863-123b1125827f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 10th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":20544270,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant physiology"},{"id":20544271,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant development"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-01-26T08:10:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2663856","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05746-6","journal":{"identity":"communications-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Communications Biology"},"publishedOn":"2024-01-24 05:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 24th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-04-10 18:21:45","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s42003-023-05746-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05746-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2663856","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2663856","identity":"rs-2663856","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}