Examination of the Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory

Examination of the Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Examination of the Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory Sultan Ulak, Yasemin Sanli This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods A methodological and cross-sectional study design was used. The population of the study consisted of students aged 14–18 years who were enrolled in high schools. Data were collected from 589 students across 6 different schools. The Introductory Information Form, the Sibling Attachment Inventory, and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) were used for data collection. Results It was determined that 31.1% of the students were male, the mean age was 15.77 ± 0.98 years, and 34.3% were studying in the 9th grade. It was found that 64% of the students had at least 2 or more siblings. The content validity of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be 0.91. A three-factor structure was identified through exploratory factor analysis, and this structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. In terms of reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.93. In the test-retest results, the intraclass agreement of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be 91.6%. Conclusion The Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in Türkiye. The validated Turkish Sibling Attachment Inventory provides pediatric nurses and other professionals with a practical tool to assess sibling relationships and identify adolescents who may need early psychosocial support. attachment parent and peer attachment sibling attachment validity reliability Figures Figure 1 Introduction Attachment, which develops as a result of the interaction between the infant and the caregiver ( 1 ), is a lasting emotional bond between two people who strive to maintain closeness ( 2 ). Beginning in the prenatal period, attachment develops over time and has a major influence on the social relationships that continue throughout life ( 3 ). Although it may appear to be a biological phenomenon, attachment is in fact a psychological condition. It is shaped by the caregiving process, which unfolds and develops over time, as well as by environmental conditions ( 4 ). The sibling relationship is the longest-lasting relationship for most people, beginning with the birth of oneself and one’s sibling and ending with the death of one of the siblings ( 5 ). Within the family institution, siblings establish a mutual relationship that is both special and important. The sibling bond refers to the emotional attachment between two siblings ( 6 ). Siblings play a key role in family life. They serve as friends, role models, confidants, and conflict partners, and thus become the focal point of comparison. Through conflict, siblings help one another develop perspective-taking, emotional understanding, persuasion, problem-solving, and negotiation skills ( 7 ). Although more attention has traditionally been given to mother-infant attachment in infancy because mothers tend to be more active in meeting infants’ needs, children are also capable of forming attachments to fathers and siblings whom they perceive as valuable to them ( 3 ). Even though the relationship and connectedness between siblings may weaken over the course of life, it generally has a substantial effect on individuals’ psychological well-being and psychosocial functioning ( 8 ). For this reason, sibling relationships are among the important factors that may influence child development. The emotional bond between siblings ranks second only to the attachment between parent and child. Sibling relationships are also important because they shape the social and emotional environment in which the child grows and develops. Attachment formed in childhood affects later social relationships and mental health. This is so because, before children enter peer communication, they first establish relationships and interact with their siblings within the family ( 9 ). Sibling relationships are defined by sibling warmth, closeness, love, care, and emotional support. Especially during adolescence, sibling warmth helps children explore the social world in a more secure way. Children with high sibling attachment are more likely to establish positive peer relationships and to display socially competent behaviors within peer groups ( 10 ). Sibling attachment takes shape in a dimension that differs from the bonds an individual forms with other people throughout life. Most of the time, this bond develops with a kind of happiness of which siblings may not even be fully aware, though at times it may also turn into a relationship in which they hurt one another ( 11 ). Sibling attachment that develops as a result of sibling relationships influences children’s development. A review of the literature shows that sibling relationships have been studied, yet sibling attachment levels have not been evaluated sufficiently. This has created a need for a measurement tool capable of assessing sibling attachment. Nurses have important roles in reducing anxiety levels that negatively affect attachment, in promoting the use of effective coping methods, and in supporting the development and maintenance of attachment ( 12 ). In cases of insecure attachment, professionals who come into contact with adolescents, such as teachers, counselors, and health professionals, need to understand adolescents and take precautions against possible situations related to depression and suicidal ideation ( 13 ). For this reason, in the present study, we aimed to adapt the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI), developed to determine adolescents’ sibling attachment, to Turkish culture and to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the translated form among a sample of adolescents attending high school in terms of translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. Methods Purpose and Type of the Study This study was conducted as a cross-sectional and methodological study in order to adapt the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) to Turkish culture and to evaluate its Turkish validity and reliability. In the study, the stages specified in the World Health Organization guideline were examined, namely translation and back-translation, expert opinion and content validity, pilot testing, administration of the data collection forms, and test-retest administration ( 14 , 15 ). The psychometric properties of the translated version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory were examined among Turkish adolescents. Population and Sample of the Study The population of the study consisted of 3,430 students enrolled in high schools located in the city center of Karaman. The schools constituting the study population were divided into 4 groups according to school type, and when there was more than one school of the same type, the names of the schools were written down, placed in a bag, and selected by drawing from the bag. Through weighting, it was aimed to ensure student participation from all schools in the population. The study was carried out with 589 students from the study population. In line with recommendations in the literature, and considering the number of scale items and the criterion that the sample should be at a very good level for exploratory factor analysis, the sample size was determined as 500 ( 16 ). In order to examine reliability, the test-retest method was applied. In the study, a test-retest was administered to 50 participants outside the main sample at a two-week interval. The study was planned to be conducted with a total of 550 students; however, taking data loss into account, it was completed with 589 students. Students aged 14–18 years, with at least one sibling, and who agreed to participate in the study were included. Participants who had communication problems, whose parents or themselves did not wish to participate, or who had no siblings were excluded from the study. Data Collection Instruments The study data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Sibling Attachment Inventory, and the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory. Introductory Information Form Prepared on the basis of the literature, this form included questions on age, gender, birth order among siblings, presence of disability or chronic illness, grade level, number of siblings, presence of disability or chronic illness in a sibling, parents’ education level, parents’ employment status, family income status, and similar variables ( 17 – 19 ). Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) The Sibling Attachment Inventory was developed by Noel et al. (2018). The inventory consists of 3 subdimensions and a total of 21 items. The subdimensions are communication (10 items), trust (6 items), and alienation (5 items). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were reported as 0.87, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively. The inventory is evaluated on a 3-point Likert scale (never true, sometimes true, always true) ( 2 ). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment - Revised (IPPA-R) This instrument was developed by Gullone and Robinson (2005) to evaluate the attachment styles of children and adolescents ( 20 ). Its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yavuz et al. (2018). The Parent Scale consists of 28 items, and the Peer Scale consists of 25 items. The IPPA-R includes the subdimensions of trust, communication, and alienation. An increase in the total score obtained from the IPPA-R indicates a secure attachment style. The Cronbach’s alpha values of the scale were reported as 0.78, 0.82, and 0.79 for trust, communication, and alienation in the Parent Scale, respectively, and 0.86, 0.72, and 0.69 for trust, communication, and alienation in the Peer Scale, respectively. The items in the scale are rated on a 3-point Likert scale (never true, sometimes true, always true) ( 17 ). Translation and Cultural Adaptation For the Turkish translation of the scale form, the corresponding author was contacted by e-mail, and permission was obtained. The Sibling Attachment Inventory was first translated into Turkish by 3 linguists. The Turkish and English translations were then reviewed by the researchers in terms of consistency and adequacy of Turkish meaning, and revisions were made. After revision, the inventory form was translated back into English by 2 linguists. The translation forms were reviewed by experts in the field of pediatric nursing, and a draft form was created. Validity Stages Content validity Content validity refers to examining whether the scale items created for the behavior or attitude intended to be measured are sufficient in qualitative and quantitative terms ( 21 ). Content validity consists of preparing the draft scale form, obtaining expert opinions, analyzing the data, and examining the results regarding the items ( 22 ). Experts are asked to evaluate whether the words carry equivalent meanings in both languages, whether the items are culturally appropriate, and whether they are suitable for the target group ( 23 ). For the draft form created after translation, opinions were obtained from 15 experts in pediatric nursing, psychiatric nursing, and child development. According to the Davis Technique, content validity ratios are expected to be above 0.80 ( 24 ). Comprehensibility After content validity had been examined, a pilot application of the inventory form was carried out. During the pilot phase, data were collected using the draft inventory form from 25 students who belonged to the study population but were not included in the sample. As a result of the pilot application, no revisions were suggested for the draft inventory form. Construct validity To assess construct validity, methods such as factor analysis, comparison of contrasting and known groups, hypothesis testing, or the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach may be used ( 25 ). Rather than providing a single number for the validity of a measurement instrument, factor analysis is used to reveal the factor structure or to test a previously determined factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis is applied to examine consistency with the theoretical structure, while confirmatory factor analysis is used to determine whether the measurement instrument obtained as a result of the theoretical structure is confirmed ( 16 ). For construct validity, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Criterion-dependent validity In determining criterion-related validity, the relationship of the score obtained from the scale under study with certain known external criteria that assess the concept in question, or with scales whose validity has previously been established, is examined ( 25 ). Criterion-dependent validity is divided into concurrent validity and predictive validity. In concurrent validity, the correlation levels between the scores obtained from the scale form intended to be developed and the scores of parallel forms measuring the same behavior are examined. The correlation coefficient is expected to be above 0.30 ( 21 ). Reliability Stages For a measurement instrument to be considered reliable, the desired features are repeatability of measurements and consistency across repeated measurements ( 26 ). Invariance and consistency in the measurement instrument refer to obtaining similar results in repeated measurements, while accuracy refers to determining the true measurement value. Reliability is examined through internal consistency, comparison of measurements between independent observers, and test-retest methods ( 25 ). Internal consistency Internal consistency is an evaluation of how homogeneous the scale items are among themselves and whether they measure the intended concept ( 24 ). In scale forms, internal consistency is evaluated by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ( 27 ). For the scale form to be considered reliable, this coefficient is expected to be above 0.60. As the coefficient increases, the level of reliability also increases ( 28 ). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the inventory form was calculated. Scale stability This refers to repeated administration of the measurement instrument to the same study group under similar conditions. The correlation coefficient of the results obtained from the measurements is the reliability coefficient of the scale ( 24 ). As the correlation coefficient obtained from the measurement results approaches 0, the strength of the relationship decreases; as it approaches 1, the strength of the relationship increases ( 29 ). In the study, the test was re-administered to 50 students. Data Collection Method The data were collected between April and May 2023 by the researchers through face-to-face interviews. Study data were gathered using purposive sampling, one of the non-probability sampling methods. The research data were collected in classroom settings at the schools attended by the students. The classrooms in which data were collected were randomly determined by school administrators rather than by the researchers. Ethical Aspect Permission for the Turkish adaptation of the SAI was obtained from Valerie A. Noel, the corresponding author who developed the SAI. Permission for the IPPA-R form was also obtained from the corresponding author. Written approval was obtained from the XXX University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Publication Ethics Committee (date: 06.03.2023, no: 04-2023/70) and from the XXX Provincial Directorate of National Education (date: 17.04.2023, no: E-99371540-605.01-74544790). During the data collection phase, before the administration of the questionnaires, students and their families were informed about the purpose and importance of the study and the confidentiality of the information, and both verbal and written consent were obtained. Data Analysis The data of the study were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Concurrent User V 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). Descriptive statistics were presented as the number of units (n), percentage (%), mean, standard deviation (SD), median (M), minimum (Min.), and maximum (Max.) values. The normal distribution of the data related to numerical variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Relationships between numerical variables were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to evaluate the factor structure of the inventory items. The correlation matrix was examined to assess the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to confirm the structure obtained from the exploratory factor analysis. For confirmatory factor analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0) and Amos (Version 24.0) were used. Results Descriptive Findings Table 1 Descriptive findings on students’ sociodemographic characteristics (n = 589) Variables n % Age, (years) Mean ± SD* 15,77 ± 0,98 M 16 (Min: 14- Max: 18)** Gender Female 406 68,9 Male 183 31,1 Persons lived with during schooling With family 488 82,9 With friends in the dormitory 98 16,6 With relatives 3 0,5 Parents’ vital status Both mother and father alive 574 97,5 Only mother alive 12 2,0 Only father alive 3 0,5 Number of children in the family 2 children 212 36,0 3 children 264 44,8 4 or more children 113 19,2 Birth order in the family First child 234 39,7 Second child 207 35,2 Third child 109 18,5 Fourth or later child 39 6,6 Sibling felt closest to Sister 145 24,6 Brother 142 24,1 Older sister 159 27 Older brother 143 24,3 Living with sibling Yes 516 87,6 No 73 12,4 Age difference between the student and sibling Mean ± SD* 5,49 ± 3,57 M (Min.-Max.)** 5 (0–25) *Mean=mean, SD=Standard Deviation, ** M=median Min.=Minimum, Max.=Maximum. The students’ mean age was found to be 15.77 ± 0.98 years, the median age was 16, the youngest student was 14 years old, and the oldest was 18. It was found that 68.9% of the students participating in the study were female and that 82.9% lived with their families during their education. When the family characteristics of the participating students were examined, it was determined that 97.5% had both parents alive, 86.3% belonged to nuclear families, and 57.7% had family income equal to expenses. It was also determined that 36% of the students had one sibling, 39.7% were the first child in their families (Table 1 ). Findings Related to Validity Content validity Following the common translation produced by the researchers, an expert opinion form was prepared, and expert opinions were obtained from 15 experts. The experts were asked to evaluate the draft SAI form as requiring minor revision, appropriate, or highly appropriate. According to the results of the experts’ evaluations, the content validity index was calculated using the Davis Technique. The content validity ratios of the scale items ranged between 0.8 and 1, and the content validity index was found to be 0.91. Language validity The English-Turkish translation of the original SAI form was carried out by three experts. The translations were combined by the researchers and checked through a Turkish-English translation. Construct validity Exploratory factor analysis Table 2 Exploratory factor analysis findings of the Sibling Attachment Inventory Factor Item No Factor Loadings Explained Variance % 1 2 3 Communication 1 0,73 28,38 2 0,62 3 0,71 5 0,60 6 0,76 11 0,74 12 0,75 15 0,61 20 0,64 21 0,70 Trust 7 0,61 16,84 10 0,70 13 0,64 16 0,80 17 0,55 Alienation 4 0,52 13,32 8 0,56 9 0,57 14 0,60 18 0,61 19 0,71 Scale (Total) 58,54 KMO * = 0,959 DF**= 210 χ 2 = 6628,305 p < 0,001 *KMO: Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test; **DF: Degrees of Freedom. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO), conducted to test the adequacy of the research data for exploratory factor analysis, was found to be 0.959. The Bartlett test result was 6628.305 (p < 0.05), and the explained variance was 58.54%. According to the exploratory factor analysis results, the inventory consisted of 3 subdimensions: communication, alienation, and trust. It was determined that the factor loadings of the items in the communication dimension ranged from 0.60 to 0.76, those in the trust dimension ranged from 0.55 to 0.80, and those in the alienation dimension ranged from 0.52 to 0.71 (Table 2 ). Confirmatory factor analysis Table 3 Findings on the model fit of the Sibling Attachment Inventory Scale (χ 2 /sd) RMSEA SRMR IFI CFI GFI TLI Model 2,85 0,05 0,04 0,94 0,94 0,91 0,94 Within the scope of CFA, χ2/df, RMSEA, SRMR, IFI, TLI, CFI, and GFI were used in the study to evaluate the factor validity of the models. In the study, RMSEA = 0.05, IFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.90, and GFI = 0.91 were found. It was seen that the model obtained for the SAI (χ2 = 525.803, dF = 184) consisted of three dimensions (Table 3 ). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the structure using the data collected with the SAI (Fig. 1 ). Each of the path coefficients of the scale dimensions across the 21 items was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The communication dimension consisted of items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 20, and 21; the trust dimension consisted of items 7, 10, 13, 16, and 17; and the alienation dimension consisted of items 4, 8, 9, 14, 18, and 19. All subdimensions had a high and statistically significant effect on the items (p < 0.05). Each of the path coefficients of the communication, trust, and alienation dimensions on the SAI was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) (Fig. 1 ). Findings related to criterion-dependent validity To examine criterion-dependent validity, the results of the SAI and the IPPA-R form were compared. Table 4 Findings on the relationship between the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory and the Sibling Attachment Inventory scores Variables Sibling Alienation Sibling Trust Sibling Communication Sibling Attachment Parent Alienation r = 0,42 p < 0,001 r = 0,38 p < 0,001 r = 0,39 p < 0,001 r = 0,45 p < 0,001 Parent Trust r = 0,39 p < 0,001 r = 0,36 p < 0,001 r = 0,43 p < 0,001 r = 0,44 p < 0,001 Parent Communication r = 0,46 p < 0,001 r = 0,41 p < 0,001 r = 0,44 p < 0,001 r = 0,50 p < 0,001 Parent Attachment r = 0,46 p < 0,001 r = 0,40 p < 0,001 r = 0,39 p < 0,001 r = 0,48 p < 0,001 Peer Alienation r = 0,13 p < 0,001 r = 0,12 p = 0,002 r = 0,10 p = 0,010 r = 0,14 p < 0,001 Peer Trust r = 0,09 p = 0,023 r = 0,11 p = 0,005 r = 0,19 p < 0,001 r = 0,14 p < 0,001 Peer Communication r = 0,12 p = 0,002 r = 0,11 p = 0,006 r = 0,13 p = 0,002 r = 0,13 p < 0,001 Peer Attachment r = 0,12 p = 0,002 r = 0,10 p = 0,008 r = 0,08 p = 0,034 r = 0,12 p = 0,002 r: Pearson Correlation Coefficient, (p < 0.05). A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the IPPA-R and SAI scores (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). A positive and statistically significant relationship was also observed between the Peer Attachment Inventory scores and the SAI scores (r = 0.12, p = 0.002). Positive and statistically significant relationships were also found among the subdimensions (p < 0.05) (Table 4 ). Findings Related to Reliability Internal consistency Table 5 Internal consistency findings of the Sibling Attachment Inventory Factor Item No Cronbach’s Alpha Communication 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 20, 21 0,79 Trust 7, 10, 13, 16, 17 0,88 Alienation 4, 8, 9, 14, 18, 19 0,76 Sibling Attachment Inventory - 0,93 The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, calculated to examine internal consistency, was found to be 0.93 for the entire inventory form, 0.79 for the communication dimension, 0.88 for the trust dimension, and 0.76 for the alienation dimension (Table 5 ). Test-retest reliability Table 6 Sibling Attachment Inventory test-retest analysis results. Communication Item No Test Re-test Test (p) Total Correlation ICC (95% CI) 1 2,32 ± 0,74 2,34 ± 0,72 Z=-0,215 p = 0,830 0,64 0,748 (0,556-0,857) 2 2,34 ± 0,69 2,36 ± 0,69 Z=-0,206 p = 0,837 0,53 0,674 (0,426-0,815) 3 2,40 ± 0,73 2,42 ± 0,73 Z=-0,237 p = 0,813 0,69 0,806 (0,658-0,890) 5 2,04 ± 0,95 2,34 ± 0,72 Z=-2,495 p = 0,013 0,71 0,693 (0,459-0,826) 6 2,22 ± 0,68 2,34 ± 0,75 Z=-1,116 p = 0,265 0,72 0,660 (0,401-0,807) 11 2,32 ± 0,68 2,26 ± 0,66 Z=-0,688 p = 0,491 0,72 0,732 (0,527-0,848) 12 2,56 ± 0,70 2,30 ± 0,71 Z=-2,600 p = 0,009 0,72 0,716 (0,499-0,839) 15 2,00 ± 0,83 2,28 ± 0,73 Z=-2,557 p = 0,011 0,71 0,723 (0,512-0,843) 20 1,72 ± 0,83 1,90 ± 0,79 Z=-1,312 p = 0,190 0,67 0,593 (0,282-0,769) 21 2,58 ± 0,61 2,38 ± 0,78 Z=-1,927 p = 0,054 0,63 0,666 (0,412-0,811) Total 22,50 ± 4,23 22,92 ± 4,85 Z=-0,692 p = 0,489 - 0,863 (0,759-0,922) Trust 7 2,16 ± 0,74 2,38 ± 0,81 Z=-2,294 p = 0,022 0,65 0,787 (0,624-0,879) 10 2,16 ± 0,74 2,40 ± 0,78 Z=-2,252 p = 0,024 0,65 0,716 (0,499-0,839) 13 2,16 ± 0,84 2,16 ± 0,82 Z = 0,001 p = 0,999 0,74 0,714 (0,496-0,838) 16 2,00 ± 0,67 2,32 ± 0,79 Z=-3,266 p = 0,001 0,67 0,783 (0,617-0,877) 17 2,10 ± 0,79 2,20 ± 0,81 Z=-0,912 p = 0,362 0,71 0,731 (0,526-0,847) Total 10,58 ± 3,02 11,46 ± 3,13 Z=-3,142 p = 0,002 - 0,885 (0,797-0,935) Alienation 4 2,58 ± 0,64 2,02 ± 0,96 Z=-3,799 p = 0,001 0,51 0,614 (0,319-0,781) 8 2,28 ± 0,78 1,92 ± 0,80 Z=-2,852 p = 0,004 0,62 0,628 (0,344-0,789) 9 1,90 ± 0,76 1,58 ± 0,86 Z=-2,746 p = 0,006 0,49 0,713 (0,494-0,837) 14 1,52 ± 0,71 1,90 ± 0,76 Z=-3,657 p = 0,001 0,41 0,770 (0,596-0,870) 18 2,16 ± 0,74 1,98 ± 0,77 Z=-1,877 p = 0,061 0,42 0,762 (0,581-0,865) 19 2,18 ± 0,69 1,96 ± 0,90 Z=-1,930 p = 0,054 0,48 0,682 (0,439-0,819) Total 12,62 ± 2,56 11,36 ± 3,31 Z=-2,985 p = 0,003 - 0,769 (0,593-0,869) Overall 45,70 ± 8,14 45,74 ± 8,96 Z=-0,012 p = 0,990 - 0,916 (0,852-0,952) Z: Wilcoxon Test, ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, p < 0.05 When the test-retest results of the inventory form were examined, intraclass scale agreement was found to be 86.3% for the communication dimension, 88.5% for the trust dimension, 76.9% for the alienation dimension, and 91.6% for the total SAI score. These agreement values were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to the results obtained, the total correlation values ranged from 0.41 to 0.74 (Table 6 ). Discussion In the original scale development study, students aged 10–14 years attending primary and middle school participated ( 2 ). In the adaptation study conducted in Italy, however, the participants consisted of university students aged 18–30 years. No significant relationship was found between age and attachment inventory scores ( 30 ). It has been stated that during adolescence, individuals continue to see their siblings as role models quite often, and that conflict between siblings decreases in this period compared with childhood. In young adulthood, by contrast, changes occur in sibling relationships, and sibling interactions decrease ( 31 ). Although explanations concerning sibling relationships vary according to developmental period, the presence of sibling relationships has been found to be important and meaningful at every stage of life ( 32 ). Attachment levels have been examined in different age groups in the literature, and in this respect, the fact that the sample of our study consisted of adolescents may be considered particularly important for evaluating attachment levels during adolescence. In the development study of the SAI, exploratory factor analysis showed that 49% of the variance was explained by three subdimensions ( 2 ). In the Italian adaptation study of the SAI, the three-factor structure explained 54.67% of the variance ( 30 ). In the present study, the variance explained by the three-subdimension structure was found to be 58.54%. The magnitude of the explained variance indicates that the factor structure is strong. In studies conducted in the social sciences, a variance ratio between 40% and 60% is considered sufficient ( 33 ). The high level of explained variance in this study may therefore be interpreted as indicating strong factor loadings for the subdimensions. In the study conducted by Noel et al. (2018), the factor loadings of the scale form were found to range from 0.86 to 0.48. They ranged from 0.86 to 0.49 in the communication subdimension, from 0.83 to 0.58 in the trust subdimension, and from 0.61 to 0.48 in the alienation subdimension ( 2 ). In the adaptation study carried out by Osorio Guzman et al. (2022), factor loadings were found to range from 0.84 to 0.33 ( 34 ). These were distributed between 0.83 and 0.70 for the communication subdimension, between 0.84 and 0.68 for the trust subdimension, and between 0.64 and 0.33 for the alienation subdimension. When the factor loadings reported in the Italian study of the SAI were examined, it was found that the communication subdimension ranged from 0.82 to 0.71, the trust subdimension from 0.82 to 0.61, and the alienation subdimension from 0.60 to 0.34 ( 30 ). High loading values for scale items indicate that the items measure a structure or factor. Although factor loading values above 0.45 are preferred, values down to 0.30 are still considered acceptable ( 21 ). The factor loadings obtained in the present study appear to be consistent with the literature. Since the factor loadings of the items in the three-factor structure obtained by exploratory factor analysis were above 0.50, it may be concluded that the factors are appropriate and strong. In CFA, the covariance matrix obtained from the data set is expected to be compatible with the covariance matrix produced by the model. Different fit tests are used to evaluate whether the model provides adequate fit for the available data. To evaluate the overall fit of the model, the chi-square goodness-of-fit index is considered as an initial fit index. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) are examined ( 23 ). In general, indices such as chi-square CMIN/DF, CFI, GFI, and RMSEA are reported (Karagöz, 2019). When the CFA results of the SAI conducted in Mexico were examined, X2/df was found to be 2.73, CFI 0.98, TLI 0.97, and RMSEA 0.064 (0.059–0.066) ( 34 ). In the present study, the CFA results of the SAI were significant (Table 6 ) and appeared to be consistent with the literature ( 33 ). It was determined that the Turkish version of the SAI was compatible with the original factor structure. In the development of the original inventory form, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were found to be 0.93 for the communication subdimension, 0.90 for the trust subdimension, and 0.76 for the alienation subdimension ( 2 ). In the study conducted by Osorio Guzman et al. (2022), the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the inventory was found to be 0.88. A high internal consistency coefficient indicates that the inventory items are compatible with one another ( 34 ). A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient between 0.80 and 1.00 shows that the inventory form has high reliability ( 26 ). The reliability of the inventory form appears to be consistent with the literature. Its internal consistency can be said to be quite high. The correlation level can be applied only to two data sets and does not take changes in means into account. The intraclass reliability coefficient, however, can be used in cases where two or more measurements are made. It has been noted that in repeated measurement results, it is sensitive both to systematic changes and to changes related to means ( 29 ). An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.70 or above is considered reliable. Although an intraclass correlation coefficient above 0.90 is accepted as “high,” 0.80–0.89 as moderate, and below 0.80 as “questionable,” in the behavioral sciences, values between 0.70 and 0.80 are considered acceptable ( 28 , 29 ). In this respect, the inventory form appears to be consistent across repeated measurements. Implications for practice The validated Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory provides pediatric nurses and other healthcare professionals with a reliable tool to assess sibling attachment among adolescents. Evaluating sibling relationships can help identify adolescents who may be at risk for emotional or psychosocial difficulties and support early intervention strategies. In pediatric and adolescent health settings, understanding sibling attachment may contribute to more comprehensive psychosocial assessments and family-centered care approaches. The use of this instrument in clinical practice and research may also facilitate the development of supportive interventions aimed at strengthening sibling relationships and promoting adolescents’ emotional well-being. Limitations of the Study The fact that the study was conducted only in the province of Karaman and that the data were based on verbal self-reports constitute the limitations of the study. Other limitations include the inability to obtain permission from some schools due to higher education entrance examinations during the data collection period, students’ unwillingness to participate, and the inability to reach 12th-grade students because they were considered on leave due to their examination preparation process. Conclusion This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the SAI. With regard to validity, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-dependent validity were examined. It was found to be appropriate in terms of content validity and criterion-dependent validity. For construct validity, exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure, as in the original form, and this structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. For reliability, the internal consistency coefficient, invariance over time, and the intraclass reliability coefficient were examined. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the inventory form was found to be 0.93. In the SAI test-retest measurement, the subdimensions were found to show correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.74. Considering the validity and reliability findings of the Turkish version of the SAI, it may be said that it is a valid and reliable instrument. The use of the SAI may be recommended for the evaluation of sibling attachment levels. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: Permission for the Turkish adaptation of the SAI was obtained from Valerie A. Noel, the corresponding author who developed the SAI. Permission for the IPPA-R form was also obtained from the corresponding author. Written approval was obtained from the Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Publication Ethics Committee (date: 06.03.2023, no: 04-2023/70) and from the Karaman Provincial Directorate of National Education (date: 17.04.2023, no: E-99371540-605.01-74544790). The study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards established in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16. Consent for publication: Not Applicable Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Source of Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contributions: All authors read and approved the final manuscript. YS contributed to methodology, implementation of the initiative, data collection, data organization, analysis, and writing (original draft); SU contributed to implementation of the initiative, data collectionand writing (review and editing). References Şendil G. (2017). Bebeklikte sosyoduygusal gelişim. Içinde G. Yüksel, editor, Yaşam Boyu Gelişim Gelişim Psikolojisi (13. Basım, ss. 191–195). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. Noel VA, Francis SE, Tilley MA. An adapted measure of sibling attachment: Factor structure and internal consistency of the sibling attachment inventory in youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2018;49(2):217–24. Nacar EH, Gökkaya F. Bağlanma ve maternal bağlanma konusunda bir derleme [A review on attachment and maternal attachment]. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi. 2019;1(1):50–6. Kınık E, Özcan H. Maternal bağlanmayı etkileyen faktörler ve primiparlarda maternal bağlanma durumu [Factors affecting maternal bonding and maternal bonding status in primiparous women]. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2020;2(1):47–53. Qian G, Chen X, Jiang S, Guo X, Tian L, Dou G. Temperament and sibling relationships: The mediating effect of social competence and behavior. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(9):6147–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01080-w . Sınanmış N, Kolburan ŞG. Kardeşi Otizmli Olan ve Olmayan Ergenlerin Kardeş İlişkileri ve Sosyal Kaygı Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması [Comparison of Sibling Relationships and Social Anxiety Levels in Adolescents with and without Siblings with Autism]. Aydın Sağlık Dergisi. 2019;5(1):13–50. Sanner C, Russell LT, Coleman M, Ganong L. Half-sibling and stepsibling relationships: A systematic integrative review. J Family Theory Rev. 2018;10(4):765–84. Soysal FSÖ, Yurdabakan İ, Baş AU, Aysan F. The study of the reliability and validity of Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale in young adults. J Hum Sci. 2016;13(3):5351–61. Kaytez N. (2018). Bebeklik ve erken çocukluk döneminde gelişim. Içinde F. Güngor Aytar, editor, Gelişim Psikolojisi (1. Basım, ss. 90–93). Hedef Cs Yayıncılık ve Mühendislik. Chen B, Bin, Chen X, Wang X. Siblings versus parents: Warm relationships and shyness among Chinese adolescents. Soc Dev. 2021;30(3):883–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12509 . Sitzler S. Freundinnen: was Frauen einander bedeuten. Klett-Cotta; 2017. Baltacı N, Başer M. Riskli Gebelerde Yaşanan Anksiyete, Prenatal Bağlanma ve Hemşirenin Rolü [Anxiety in High-Risk Pregnancies, Prenatal Bonding, and the Role of the Nurse]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2020;13(3):206–12. Moyano N, Vélez K, Arias A. & Del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes, M., (2022). Two Pathways to Suicidal İntention in Ecuadorian Adolescents: The Role of Parental and Peer Attachment, Depression and İmpulsivity. Current Psychology , 41 (4), 2306–2318. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12144-020-00757-6 World Health Organization (WHO). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Geneva: WHO; 2005. Yusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J. 2019;11(2):49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6 . https://doi.org/. Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel Uygulamaları (5. Basım). Pegem Akademi. Yavuz M, Yüksel N, Yavuz BG. Psychometric evaluation of the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory Revised Form and its relationship with adolescent depression. J Psychiatry. 2018;19(2):72–9. Uzun İB, Kuşçu Ö, Uğur A. Lisede Öğrenim Gören Ergenlerin Bağlanma Stillerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi [An Examination of Attachment Styles of High School Adolescents in Relation to Certain Variables]. Çocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi. 2021;4(7):24–33. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.925183 . Kishalı Z, Gültekin Akduman G, Şepitci Sarıbaş M. Annelerin Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışları ile Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Kardeş Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki [The Relationship Between Mothers' Emotion-Socializing Behaviors and Sibling Behaviors in Preschool Children]. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;31:119–47. Gullone E, Robinson K. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) for chil-dren: A psychometric investigation. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2005;12:67–79. Büyüköztürk Ş. (2014). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı (20. Basım). Pegem Akademi. Yeşilyurt S, Çapraz C. Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında kullanılan kapsam geçerliği için bir yol haritası [A roadmap for content validity used in scale development studies]. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;20(1):251–64. Çapık C, Gözüm S, Aksayan S. Kültürlerarası ölçek uyarlama aşamaları, dil ve kültür uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş rehber [Stages of cross-cultural scale adaptation, language and cultural adaptation: Updated guide]. Florence Nightingale J Nurs. 2018;26(3):199–210. Karakoç FY, Dönmez L. Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Temel İlkeler TT - Basic Principles Of Scale Development. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası. 2014;13(40):39–49. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.228738 . Esin MN. (2015). Veri Toplama Yöntem ve Araçları& Veri Toplama Araçlarının Güvenirlik ve Geçerliği. Içinde S. Erdoğan, N. Nahcivan, & M. N. Esin, editor, Hemşirelikte Araştırma Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik (2. Basım, ss. 217–226). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Tic. Ltd. Şti. Alpar R. (2006). Spor Bilimlerinde Uygulamalı İstatistik (3. Basım). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti. Christensen AV, Dixon JK, Juel K, Ekholm O, Rasmussen TB, Borregaard B, Mols RE, Thrysøe L, Thorup CB, Berg SK. Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0 . Alpar R. (2003a). Çok Değişkenli İstatiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1 (2. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti. Alpar R. (2003b). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1 (2. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti. Parrello S, Sommantico M, De Rosa B. Italian Adaptation and Validation of the Sibling Attachment Inventory. Fam Relat. 2021;70(5):1583–99. Jensen AC, Killoren SE, Campione-Barr N, Padilla J, Chen B-B. Sibling Relationships in Adolescence and Young Adulthood in Multiple Contexts: A Critical Review. J Social Personal Relationships. 2022;40(2):384–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221104188 . Sumbas E. The Analysis of Sibling Relations of Adolescents, Young Adults and Adults. Ulakbilge Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Ulakbilge J Social Sciences]. 2022;10(75):801–23. Karagöz Y. SPSS- AMOS- META Uygulamalı İstatiksel Analizler (Genişletilmiş). Sistem Ofset Basım Yayın Tic. Ltd. Şti; 2019. Osorio Guzmán M, Sommantico M, Romero CP, De Rosa B, Parrello S. Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148570 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 10 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 27 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 27 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9212262","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":631792738,"identity":"2d8f8bfe-850e-418e-b220-1a0ad8123826","order_by":0,"name":"Sultan Ulak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sultan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ulak","suffix":""},{"id":631792739,"identity":"e029f6e2-f915-4a61-b2cb-c1256b37dc59","order_by":1,"name":"Yasemin Sanli","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACAxDB3HDgwwEElxgtjA0HZ8C1JBBlFWMDMw8xWgyOH3/46EbBHXv+2Y2Nh23ObEtsYG/eJsH44x5uLWdyjI1zDJ4lzrhzsOFwzo3biQ08x8okGBKKcWs5kMMmnWNwOIHhRiJQywegFokcM6AW3C4zOP/8+W+gFnt5kBYLkBb5NwS03EgwYwZqYdwA0sIAcpgED34tkjfeGIMclrgRqOVgz5nbxm08acUWCWm4tfCdT3/4OefPYXu5G8mHP/w4dlu2n/3wxhsfbHBrUTiALsIGInBrYGCQb8AjOQpGwSgYBaMADADG8WI6meiBIAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yasemin","middleName":"","lastName":"Sanli","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-24 13:08:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108404999,"identity":"5e60546b-0d15-41e1-a9d1-1e9d9c6f3805","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-04 09:37:17","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":50185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmatory factor analysis model of the Sibling Attachment Inventory\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9212262/v1/0e82956fe078d67cdef252e6.png"},{"id":108493093,"identity":"31281870-b66f-46cb-8394-02aeff9a53b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-05 09:59:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":632351,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9212262/v1/0a0c28fa-461f-48d4-955b-960dbfebe0dd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Examination of the Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAttachment, which develops as a result of the interaction between the infant and the caregiver (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), is a lasting emotional bond between two people who strive to maintain closeness (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Beginning in the prenatal period, attachment develops over time and has a major influence on the social relationships that continue throughout life (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Although it may appear to be a biological phenomenon, attachment is in fact a psychological condition. It is shaped by the caregiving process, which unfolds and develops over time, as well as by environmental conditions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sibling relationship is the longest-lasting relationship for most people, beginning with the birth of oneself and one\u0026rsquo;s sibling and ending with the death of one of the siblings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Within the family institution, siblings establish a mutual relationship that is both special and important. The sibling bond refers to the emotional attachment between two siblings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Siblings play a key role in family life. They serve as friends, role models, confidants, and conflict partners, and thus become the focal point of comparison. Through conflict, siblings help one another develop perspective-taking, emotional understanding, persuasion, problem-solving, and negotiation skills (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough more attention has traditionally been given to mother-infant attachment in infancy because mothers tend to be more active in meeting infants\u0026rsquo; needs, children are also capable of forming attachments to fathers and siblings whom they perceive as valuable to them (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Even though the relationship and connectedness between siblings may weaken over the course of life, it generally has a substantial effect on individuals\u0026rsquo; psychological well-being and psychosocial functioning (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). For this reason, sibling relationships are among the important factors that may influence child development. The emotional bond between siblings ranks second only to the attachment between parent and child. Sibling relationships are also important because they shape the social and emotional environment in which the child grows and develops. Attachment formed in childhood affects later social relationships and mental health. This is so because, before children enter peer communication, they first establish relationships and interact with their siblings within the family (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling relationships are defined by sibling warmth, closeness, love, care, and emotional support. Especially during adolescence, sibling warmth helps children explore the social world in a more secure way. Children with high sibling attachment are more likely to establish positive peer relationships and to display socially competent behaviors within peer groups (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). Sibling attachment takes shape in a dimension that differs from the bonds an individual forms with other people throughout life. Most of the time, this bond develops with a kind of happiness of which siblings may not even be fully aware, though at times it may also turn into a relationship in which they hurt one another (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling attachment that develops as a result of sibling relationships influences children\u0026rsquo;s development. A review of the literature shows that sibling relationships have been studied, yet sibling attachment levels have not been evaluated sufficiently. This has created a need for a measurement tool capable of assessing sibling attachment. Nurses have important roles in reducing anxiety levels that negatively affect attachment, in promoting the use of effective coping methods, and in supporting the development and maintenance of attachment (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). In cases of insecure attachment, professionals who come into contact with adolescents, such as teachers, counselors, and health professionals, need to understand adolescents and take precautions against possible situations related to depression and suicidal ideation (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). For this reason, in the present study, we aimed to adapt the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI), developed to determine adolescents\u0026rsquo; sibling attachment, to Turkish culture and to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the translated form among a sample of adolescents attending high school in terms of translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePurpose and Type of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted as a cross-sectional and methodological study in order to adapt the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) to Turkish culture and to evaluate its Turkish validity and reliability. In the study, the stages specified in the World Health Organization guideline were examined, namely translation and back-translation, expert opinion and content validity, pilot testing, administration of the data collection forms, and test-retest administration (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). The psychometric properties of the translated version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory were examined among Turkish adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePopulation and Sample of the Study\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe population of the study consisted of 3,430 students enrolled in high schools located in the city center of Karaman. The schools constituting the study population were divided into 4 groups according to school type, and when there was more than one school of the same type, the names of the schools were written down, placed in a bag, and selected by drawing from the bag. Through weighting, it was aimed to ensure student participation from all schools in the population. The study was carried out with 589 students from the study population. In line with recommendations in the literature, and considering the number of scale items and the criterion that the sample should be at a very good level for exploratory factor analysis, the sample size was determined as 500 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). In order to examine reliability, the test-retest method was applied. In the study, a test-retest was administered to 50 participants outside the main sample at a two-week interval. The study was planned to be conducted with a total of 550 students; however, taking data loss into account, it was completed with 589 students. Students aged 14\u0026ndash;18 years, with at least one sibling, and who agreed to participate in the study were included. Participants who had communication problems, whose parents or themselves did not wish to participate, or who had no siblings were excluded from the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Collection Instruments\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Sibling Attachment Inventory, and the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eIntroductory Information Form\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrepared on the basis of the literature, this form included questions on age, gender, birth order among siblings, presence of disability or chronic illness, grade level, number of siblings, presence of disability or chronic illness in a sibling, parents\u0026rsquo; education level, parents\u0026rsquo; employment status, family income status, and similar variables (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR18\" citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eSibling Attachment Inventory (SAI)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sibling Attachment Inventory was developed by Noel et al. (2018). The inventory consists of 3 subdimensions and a total of 21 items. The subdimensions are communication (10 items), trust (6 items), and alienation (5 items). The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients were reported as 0.87, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively. The inventory is evaluated on a 3-point Likert scale (never true, sometimes true, always true) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eThe Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment - Revised (IPPA-R)\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis instrument was developed by Gullone and Robinson (2005) to evaluate the attachment styles of children and adolescents (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). Its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yavuz et al. (2018). The Parent Scale consists of 28 items, and the Peer Scale consists of 25 items. The IPPA-R includes the subdimensions of trust, communication, and alienation. An increase in the total score obtained from the IPPA-R indicates a secure attachment style. The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha values of the scale were reported as 0.78, 0.82, and 0.79 for trust, communication, and alienation in the Parent Scale, respectively, and 0.86, 0.72, and 0.69 for trust, communication, and alienation in the Peer Scale, respectively. The items in the scale are rated on a 3-point Likert scale (never true, sometimes true, always true) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTranslation and Cultural Adaptation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the Turkish translation of the scale form, the corresponding author was contacted by e-mail, and permission was obtained. The Sibling Attachment Inventory was first translated into Turkish by 3 linguists. The Turkish and English translations were then reviewed by the researchers in terms of consistency and adequacy of Turkish meaning, and revisions were made. After revision, the inventory form was translated back into English by 2 linguists. The translation forms were reviewed by experts in the field of pediatric nursing, and a draft form was created.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eValidity Stages\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eContent validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent validity refers to examining whether the scale items created for the behavior or attitude intended to be measured are sufficient in qualitative and quantitative terms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Content validity consists of preparing the draft scale form, obtaining expert opinions, analyzing the data, and examining the results regarding the items (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). Experts are asked to evaluate whether the words carry equivalent meanings in both languages, whether the items are culturally appropriate, and whether they are suitable for the target group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). For the draft form created after translation, opinions were obtained from 15 experts in pediatric nursing, psychiatric nursing, and child development. According to the Davis Technique, content validity ratios are expected to be above 0.80 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComprehensibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter content validity had been examined, a pilot application of the inventory form was carried out. During the pilot phase, data were collected using the draft inventory form from 25 students who belonged to the study population but were not included in the sample. As a result of the pilot application, no revisions were suggested for the draft inventory form.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConstruct validity\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo assess construct validity, methods such as factor analysis, comparison of contrasting and known groups, hypothesis testing, or the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach may be used (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). Rather than providing a single number for the validity of a measurement instrument, factor analysis is used to reveal the factor structure or to test a previously determined factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis is applied to examine consistency with the theoretical structure, while confirmatory factor analysis is used to determine whether the measurement instrument obtained as a result of the theoretical structure is confirmed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). For construct validity, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCriterion-dependent validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn determining criterion-related validity, the relationship of the score obtained from the scale under study with certain known external criteria that assess the concept in question, or with scales whose validity has previously been established, is examined (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). Criterion-dependent validity is divided into concurrent validity and predictive validity. In concurrent validity, the correlation levels between the scores obtained from the scale form intended to be developed and the scores of parallel forms measuring the same behavior are examined. The correlation coefficient is expected to be above 0.30 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eReliability Stages\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor a measurement instrument to be considered reliable, the desired features are repeatability of measurements and consistency across repeated measurements (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Invariance and consistency in the measurement instrument refer to obtaining similar results in repeated measurements, while accuracy refers to determining the true measurement value. Reliability is examined through internal consistency, comparison of measurements between independent observers, and test-retest methods (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInternal consistency\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal consistency is an evaluation of how homogeneous the scale items are among themselves and whether they measure the intended concept (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). In scale forms, internal consistency is evaluated by calculating the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). For the scale form to be considered reliable, this coefficient is expected to be above 0.60. As the coefficient increases, the level of reliability also increases (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the inventory form was calculated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eScale stability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis refers to repeated administration of the measurement instrument to the same study group under similar conditions. The correlation coefficient of the results obtained from the measurements is the reliability coefficient of the scale (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). As the correlation coefficient obtained from the measurement results approaches 0, the strength of the relationship decreases; as it approaches 1, the strength of the relationship increases (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). In the study, the test was re-administered to 50 students.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection Method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data were collected between April and May 2023 by the researchers through face-to-face interviews. Study data were gathered using purposive sampling, one of the non-probability sampling methods. The research data were collected in classroom settings at the schools attended by the students. The classrooms in which data were collected were randomly determined by school administrators rather than by the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Aspect\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermission for the Turkish adaptation of the SAI was obtained from Valerie A. Noel, the corresponding author who developed the SAI. Permission for the IPPA-R form was also obtained from the corresponding author. Written approval was obtained from the XXX University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Publication Ethics Committee (date: 06.03.2023, no: 04-2023/70) and from the XXX Provincial Directorate of National Education (date: 17.04.2023, no: E-99371540-605.01-74544790). During the data collection phase, before the administration of the questionnaires, students and their families were informed about the purpose and importance of the study and the confidentiality of the information, and both verbal and written consent were obtained.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data of the study were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Concurrent User V 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). Descriptive statistics were presented as the number of units (n), percentage (%), mean, standard deviation (SD), median (M), minimum (Min.), and maximum (Max.) values. The normal distribution of the data related to numerical variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Relationships between numerical variables were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was accepted as p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis was applied to evaluate the factor structure of the inventory items. The correlation matrix was examined to assess the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to confirm the structure obtained from the exploratory factor analysis. For confirmatory factor analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0) and Amos (Version 24.0) were used.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDescriptive Findings\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive findings on students\u0026rsquo; sociodemographic characteristics (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;589)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge, (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD* 15,77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,98 M 16 (Min: 14- Max: 18)**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e406\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePersons lived with during schooling\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith family\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith friends in the dormitory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith relatives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; vital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth mother and father alive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e574\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly mother alive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly father alive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of children in the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36,0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 or more children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBirth order in the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst child\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond child\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e207\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThird child\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFourth or later child\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSibling felt closest to\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSister\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOlder sister\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOlder brother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving with sibling\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e516\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge difference between the student and sibling\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD*\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM (Min.-Max.)**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (0\u0026ndash;25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*Mean=mean, SD=Standard Deviation, ** M=median Min.=Minimum, Max.=Maximum.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe students\u0026rsquo; mean age was found to be 15.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98 years, the median age was 16, the youngest student was 14 years old, and the oldest was 18. It was found that 68.9% of the students participating in the study were female and that 82.9% lived with their families during their education. When the family characteristics of the participating students were examined, it was determined that 97.5% had both parents alive, 86.3% belonged to nuclear families, and 57.7% had family income equal to expenses. It was also determined that 36% of the students had one sibling, 39.7% were the first child in their families (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFindings Related to Validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eContent validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowing the common translation produced by the researchers, an expert opinion form was prepared, and expert opinions were obtained from 15 experts. The experts were asked to evaluate the draft SAI form as requiring minor revision, appropriate, or highly appropriate. According to the results of the experts\u0026rsquo; evaluations, the content validity index was calculated using the Davis Technique. The content validity ratios of the scale items ranged between 0.8 and 1, and the content validity index was found to be 0.91.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLanguage validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe English-Turkish translation of the original SAI form was carried out by three experts. The translations were combined by the researchers and checked through a Turkish-English translation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConstruct validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eExploratory factor analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis findings of the Sibling Attachment Inventory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor Loadings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplained Variance %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28,38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16,84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13,32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale (Total)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58,54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKMO\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e*\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e=\u003c/em\u003e0,959 \u003cem\u003eDF**=\u003c/em\u003e210 \u003cem\u003eχ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003e=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;6628,305 \u003cem\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*KMO: Kaiser\u0026ndash;Meyer\u0026ndash;Olkin test; **DF: Degrees of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO), conducted to test the adequacy of the research data for exploratory factor analysis, was found to be 0.959. The Bartlett test result was 6628.305 (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and the explained variance was 58.54%. According to the exploratory factor analysis results, the inventory consisted of 3 subdimensions: communication, alienation, and trust. It was determined that the factor loadings of the items in the communication dimension ranged from 0.60 to 0.76, those in the trust dimension ranged from 0.55 to 0.80, and those in the alienation dimension ranged from 0.52 to 0.71 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConfirmatory factor analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFindings on the model fit of the Sibling Attachment Inventory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(χ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMSEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSRMR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIFI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCFI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGFI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTLI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin the scope of CFA, χ2/df, RMSEA, SRMR, IFI, TLI, CFI, and GFI were used in the study to evaluate the factor validity of the models. In the study, RMSEA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05, IFI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.94, TLI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.94, CFI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.90, and GFI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.91 were found. It was seen that the model obtained for the SAI (χ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;525.803, dF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;184) consisted of three dimensions (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the structure using the data collected with the SAI (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Each of the path coefficients of the scale dimensions across the 21 items was found to be statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The communication dimension consisted of items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 20, and 21; the trust dimension consisted of items 7, 10, 13, 16, and 17; and the alienation dimension consisted of items 4, 8, 9, 14, 18, and 19. All subdimensions had a high and statistically significant effect on the items (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Each of the path coefficients of the communication, trust, and alienation dimensions on the SAI was found to be statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFindings related to criterion-dependent validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo examine criterion-dependent validity, the results of the SAI and the IPPA-R form were compared.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFindings on the relationship between the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory and the Sibling Attachment Inventory scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling Alienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling Attachment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParent Alienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,42\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,38\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,39\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,45\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParent Trust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,39\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,36\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,43\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,44\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParent Communication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,46\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,41\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,44\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,50\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParent Attachment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,46\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,40\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,39\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,48\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer Alienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,13\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,12\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,10\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,010\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,14\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer Trust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,09\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,023\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,11\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,19\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,14\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer Communication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,12\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,11\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,13\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,13\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer Attachment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,12\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,10\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,08\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,034\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,12\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003er: Pearson Correlation Coefficient, (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the IPPA-R and SAI scores (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.48, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). A positive and statistically significant relationship was also observed between the Peer Attachment Inventory scores and the SAI scores (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.12, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). Positive and statistically significant relationships were also found among the subdimensions (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFindings Related to Reliability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInternal consistency\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal consistency findings of the Sibling Attachment Inventory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach\u0026rsquo;s Alpha\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 20, 21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7, 10, 13, 16, 17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4, 8, 9, 14, 18, 19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling Attachment Inventory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha reliability coefficient, calculated to examine internal consistency, was found to be 0.93 for the entire inventory form, 0.79 for the communication dimension, 0.88 for the trust dimension, and 0.76 for the alienation dimension (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTest-retest reliability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSibling Attachment Inventory test-retest analysis results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRe-test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest (p)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICC (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,215\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,830\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,748 (0,556-0,857)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,206\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,837\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,674 (0,426-0,815)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,237\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,813\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,806 (0,658-0,890)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,495\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,693 (0,459-0,826)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-1,116\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,265\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,660 (0,401-0,807)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,688\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,491\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,732 (0,527-0,848)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,600\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,716 (0,499-0,839)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,557\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,723 (0,512-0,843)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-1,312\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,593 (0,282-0,769)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-1,927\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,666 (0,412-0,811)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22,50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,692\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,489\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,863 (0,759-0,922)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,294\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,787 (0,624-0,879)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,252\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,716 (0,499-0,839)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,999\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,714 (0,496-0,838)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-3,266\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,783 (0,617-0,877)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,912\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,362\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,731 (0,526-0,847)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10,58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-3,142\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,885 (0,797-0,935)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlienation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-3,799\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,614 (0,319-0,781)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,852\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,628 (0,344-0,789)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,746\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,713 (0,494-0,837)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-3,657\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,770 (0,596-0,870)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-1,877\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,762 (0,581-0,865)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-1,930\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,682 (0,439-0,819)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12,62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11,36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-2,985\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,769 (0,593-0,869)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45,70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8,14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45,74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8,96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ=-0,012\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,990\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,916 (0,852-0,952)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eZ: Wilcoxon Test, ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the test-retest results of the inventory form were examined, intraclass scale agreement was found to be 86.3% for the communication dimension, 88.5% for the trust dimension, 76.9% for the alienation dimension, and 91.6% for the total SAI score. These agreement values were found to be statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to the results obtained, the total correlation values ranged from 0.41 to 0.74 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the original scale development study, students aged 10\u0026ndash;14 years attending primary and middle school participated (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In the adaptation study conducted in Italy, however, the participants consisted of university students aged 18\u0026ndash;30 years. No significant relationship was found between age and attachment inventory scores (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). It has been stated that during adolescence, individuals continue to see their siblings as role models quite often, and that conflict between siblings decreases in this period compared with childhood. In young adulthood, by contrast, changes occur in sibling relationships, and sibling interactions decrease (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). Although explanations concerning sibling relationships vary according to developmental period, the presence of sibling relationships has been found to be important and meaningful at every stage of life (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). Attachment levels have been examined in different age groups in the literature, and in this respect, the fact that the sample of our study consisted of adolescents may be considered particularly important for evaluating attachment levels during adolescence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the development study of the SAI, exploratory factor analysis showed that 49% of the variance was explained by three subdimensions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In the Italian adaptation study of the SAI, the three-factor structure explained 54.67% of the variance (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). In the present study, the variance explained by the three-subdimension structure was found to be 58.54%. The magnitude of the explained variance indicates that the factor structure is strong. In studies conducted in the social sciences, a variance ratio between 40% and 60% is considered sufficient (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e). The high level of explained variance in this study may therefore be interpreted as indicating strong factor loadings for the subdimensions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the study conducted by Noel et al. (2018), the factor loadings of the scale form were found to range from 0.86 to 0.48. They ranged from 0.86 to 0.49 in the communication subdimension, from 0.83 to 0.58 in the trust subdimension, and from 0.61 to 0.48 in the alienation subdimension (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In the adaptation study carried out by Osorio Guzman et al. (2022), factor loadings were found to range from 0.84 to 0.33 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). These were distributed between 0.83 and 0.70 for the communication subdimension, between 0.84 and 0.68 for the trust subdimension, and between 0.64 and 0.33 for the alienation subdimension. When the factor loadings reported in the Italian study of the SAI were examined, it was found that the communication subdimension ranged from 0.82 to 0.71, the trust subdimension from 0.82 to 0.61, and the alienation subdimension from 0.60 to 0.34 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). High loading values for scale items indicate that the items measure a structure or factor. Although factor loading values above 0.45 are preferred, values down to 0.30 are still considered acceptable (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). The factor loadings obtained in the present study appear to be consistent with the literature. Since the factor loadings of the items in the three-factor structure obtained by exploratory factor analysis were above 0.50, it may be concluded that the factors are appropriate and strong.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn CFA, the covariance matrix obtained from the data set is expected to be compatible with the covariance matrix produced by the model. Different fit tests are used to evaluate whether the model provides adequate fit for the available data. To evaluate the overall fit of the model, the chi-square goodness-of-fit index is considered as an initial fit index. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) are examined (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). In general, indices such as chi-square CMIN/DF, CFI, GFI, and RMSEA are reported (Karag\u0026ouml;z, 2019). When the CFA results of the SAI conducted in Mexico were examined, X2/df was found to be 2.73, CFI 0.98, TLI 0.97, and RMSEA 0.064 (0.059\u0026ndash;0.066) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). In the present study, the CFA results of the SAI were significant (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) and appeared to be consistent with the literature (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e). It was determined that the Turkish version of the SAI was compatible with the original factor structure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the development of the original inventory form, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients were found to be 0.93 for the communication subdimension, 0.90 for the trust subdimension, and 0.76 for the alienation subdimension (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In the study conducted by Osorio Guzman et al. (2022), the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the inventory was found to be 0.88. A high internal consistency coefficient indicates that the inventory items are compatible with one another (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). A Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient between 0.80 and 1.00 shows that the inventory form has high reliability (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). The reliability of the inventory form appears to be consistent with the literature. Its internal consistency can be said to be quite high.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe correlation level can be applied only to two data sets and does not take changes in means into account. The intraclass reliability coefficient, however, can be used in cases where two or more measurements are made. It has been noted that in repeated measurement results, it is sensitive both to systematic changes and to changes related to means (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.70 or above is considered reliable. Although an intraclass correlation coefficient above 0.90 is accepted as \u0026ldquo;high,\u0026rdquo; 0.80\u0026ndash;0.89 as moderate, and below 0.80 as \u0026ldquo;questionable,\u0026rdquo; in the behavioral sciences, values between 0.70 and 0.80 are considered acceptable (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). In this respect, the inventory form appears to be consistent across repeated measurements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eImplications for practice\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe validated Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory provides pediatric nurses and other healthcare professionals with a reliable tool to assess sibling attachment among adolescents. Evaluating sibling relationships can help identify adolescents who may be at risk for emotional or psychosocial difficulties and support early intervention strategies. In pediatric and adolescent health settings, understanding sibling attachment may contribute to more comprehensive psychosocial assessments and family-centered care approaches. The use of this instrument in clinical practice and research may also facilitate the development of supportive interventions aimed at strengthening sibling relationships and promoting adolescents\u0026rsquo; emotional well-being.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e The fact that the study was conducted only in the province of Karaman and that the data were based on verbal self-reports constitute the limitations of the study. Other limitations include the inability to obtain permission from some schools due to higher education entrance examinations during the data collection period, students\u0026rsquo; unwillingness to participate, and the inability to reach 12th-grade students because they were considered on leave due to their examination preparation process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the SAI. With regard to validity, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-dependent validity were examined. It was found to be appropriate in terms of content validity and criterion-dependent validity. For construct validity, exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure, as in the original form, and this structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. For reliability, the internal consistency coefficient, invariance over time, and the intraclass reliability coefficient were examined. The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the inventory form was found to be 0.93. In the SAI test-retest measurement, the subdimensions were found to show correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.74. Considering the validity and reliability findings of the Turkish version of the SAI, it may be said that it is a valid and reliable instrument. The use of the SAI may be recommended for the evaluation of sibling attachment levels.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePermission for the Turkish adaptation of the SAI was obtained from Valerie A. Noel, the corresponding author who developed the SAI. Permission for the IPPA-R form was also obtained from the corresponding author. Written approval was obtained from the Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Publication Ethics Committee (date: 06.03.2023, no: 04-2023/70) and from the Karaman Provincial Directorate of National Education (date: 17.04.2023, no: E-99371540-605.01-74544790). The study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards established in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e Not Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u003c/strong\u003e The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of Funding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e All authors read and approved the final manuscript. YS contributed to methodology, implementation of the initiative, data collection, data organization, analysis, and writing (original draft); SU contributed to implementation of the initiative, data collectionand writing (review and editing).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eŞendil G. (2017). Bebeklikte sosyoduygusal gelişim. I\u0026ccedil;inde G. Y\u0026uuml;ksel, editor, \u003cem\u003eYaşam Boyu Gelişim Gelişim Psikolojisi\u003c/em\u003e (13. Basım, ss. 191\u0026ndash;195). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNoel VA, Francis SE, Tilley MA. An adapted measure of sibling attachment: Factor structure and internal consistency of the sibling attachment inventory in youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2018;49(2):217\u0026ndash;24.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNacar EH, G\u0026ouml;kkaya F. Bağlanma ve maternal bağlanma konusunda bir derleme [A review on attachment and maternal attachment]. Kıbrıs T\u0026uuml;rk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi. 2019;1(1):50\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKınık E, \u0026Ouml;zcan H. Maternal bağlanmayı etkileyen fakt\u0026ouml;rler ve primiparlarda maternal bağlanma durumu [Factors affecting maternal bonding and maternal bonding status in primiparous women]. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2020;2(1):47\u0026ndash;53.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQian G, Chen X, Jiang S, Guo X, Tian L, Dou G. Temperament and sibling relationships: The mediating effect of social competence and behavior. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(9):6147\u0026ndash;53. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01080-w\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s12144-020-01080-w\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSınanmış N, Kolburan ŞG. Kardeşi Otizmli Olan ve Olmayan Ergenlerin Kardeş İlişkileri ve Sosyal Kaygı D\u0026uuml;zeylerinin Karşılaştırılması [Comparison of Sibling Relationships and Social Anxiety Levels in Adolescents with and without Siblings with Autism]. Aydın Sağlık Dergisi. 2019;5(1):13\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSanner C, Russell LT, Coleman M, Ganong L. Half-sibling and stepsibling relationships: A systematic integrative review. J Family Theory Rev. 2018;10(4):765\u0026ndash;84.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSoysal FS\u0026Ouml;, Yurdabakan İ, Baş AU, Aysan F. The study of the reliability and validity of Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale in young adults. J Hum Sci. 2016;13(3):5351\u0026ndash;61.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaytez N. (2018). Bebeklik ve erken \u0026ccedil;ocukluk d\u0026ouml;neminde gelişim. I\u0026ccedil;inde F. G\u0026uuml;ngor Aytar, editor, \u003cem\u003eGelişim Psikolojisi\u003c/em\u003e (1. Basım, ss. 90\u0026ndash;93). Hedef Cs Yayıncılık ve M\u0026uuml;hendislik.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen B, Bin, Chen X, Wang X. Siblings versus parents: Warm relationships and shyness among Chinese adolescents. Soc Dev. 2021;30(3):883\u0026ndash;96. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12509\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/sode.12509\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSitzler S. Freundinnen: was Frauen einander bedeuten. Klett-Cotta; 2017.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaltacı N, Başer M. Riskli Gebelerde Yaşanan Anksiyete, Prenatal Bağlanma ve Hemşirenin Rol\u0026uuml; [Anxiety in High-Risk Pregnancies, Prenatal Bonding, and the Role of the Nurse]. Dokuz Eyl\u0026uuml;l \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Hemşirelik Fak\u0026uuml;ltesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2020;13(3):206\u0026ndash;12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoyano N, V\u0026eacute;lez K, Arias A. \u0026amp; Del Mar S\u0026aacute;nchez-Fuentes, M., (2022). Two Pathways to Suicidal İntention in Ecuadorian Adolescents: The Role of Parental and Peer Attachment, Depression and İmpulsivity. \u003cem\u003eCurrent Psychology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e41\u003c/em\u003e(4), 2306\u0026ndash;2318. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003eHttps://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12144-020-00757-6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12144-020-00757-6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Geneva: WHO; 2005.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J. 2019;11(2):49\u0026ndash;54. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. https://doi.org/.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026Ccedil;okluk \u0026Ouml;, Şekercioğlu G, B\u0026uuml;y\u0026uuml;k\u0026ouml;zt\u0026uuml;rk Ş. (2018). \u003cem\u003eSosyal Bilimler İ\u0026ccedil;in \u0026Ccedil;ok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel Uygulamaları\u003c/em\u003e (5. Basım). Pegem Akademi.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYavuz M, Y\u0026uuml;ksel N, Yavuz BG. Psychometric evaluation of the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory Revised Form and its relationship with adolescent depression. J Psychiatry. 2018;19(2):72\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUzun İB, Kuş\u0026ccedil;u \u0026Ouml;, Uğur A. Lisede \u0026Ouml;ğrenim G\u0026ouml;ren Ergenlerin Bağlanma Stillerinin Bazı Değişkenlere G\u0026ouml;re İncelenmesi [An Examination of Attachment Styles of High School Adolescents in Relation to Certain Variables]. \u0026Ccedil;ocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi. 2021;4(7):24\u0026ndash;33. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.36731/cg.925183\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.36731/cg.925183\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKishalı Z, G\u0026uuml;ltekin Akduman G, Şepitci Sarıbaş M. Annelerin Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışları ile Okul \u0026Ouml;ncesi D\u0026ouml;nem \u0026Ccedil;ocuklarının Kardeş Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki [The Relationship Between Mothers' Emotion-Socializing Behaviors and Sibling Behaviors in Preschool Children]. Iğdır \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;31:119\u0026ndash;47.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGullone E, Robinson K. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) for chil-dren: A psychometric investigation. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2005;12:67\u0026ndash;79.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eB\u0026uuml;y\u0026uuml;k\u0026ouml;zt\u0026uuml;rk Ş. (2014). \u003cem\u003eSosyal Bilimler İ\u0026ccedil;in Veri Analizi El Kitabı\u003c/em\u003e (20. Basım). Pegem Akademi.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYeşilyurt S, \u0026Ccedil;apraz C. \u0026Ouml;l\u0026ccedil;ek geliştirme \u0026ccedil;alışmalarında kullanılan kapsam ge\u0026ccedil;erliği i\u0026ccedil;in bir yol haritası [A roadmap for content validity used in scale development studies]. Erzincan \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Eğitim Fak\u0026uuml;ltesi Dergisi. 2018;20(1):251\u0026ndash;64.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026Ccedil;apık C, G\u0026ouml;z\u0026uuml;m S, Aksayan S. K\u0026uuml;lt\u0026uuml;rlerarası \u0026ouml;l\u0026ccedil;ek uyarlama aşamaları, dil ve k\u0026uuml;lt\u0026uuml;r uyarlaması: G\u0026uuml;ncellenmiş rehber [Stages of cross-cultural scale adaptation, language and cultural adaptation: Updated guide]. Florence Nightingale J Nurs. 2018;26(3):199\u0026ndash;210.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKarako\u0026ccedil; FY, D\u0026ouml;nmez L. \u0026Ouml;l\u0026ccedil;ek Geliştirme \u0026Ccedil;alışmalarında Temel İlkeler TT - Basic Principles Of Scale Development. Tıp Eğitimi D\u0026uuml;nyası. 2014;13(40):39\u0026ndash;49. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.25282/ted.228738\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.25282/ted.228738\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEsin MN. (2015). Veri Toplama Y\u0026ouml;ntem ve Ara\u0026ccedil;ları\u0026amp; Veri Toplama Ara\u0026ccedil;larının G\u0026uuml;venirlik ve Ge\u0026ccedil;erliği. I\u0026ccedil;inde S. Erdoğan, N. Nahcivan, \u0026amp; M. N. Esin, editor, \u003cem\u003eHemşirelikte Araştırma S\u0026uuml;re\u0026ccedil;, Uygulama ve Kritik\u003c/em\u003e (2. Basım, ss. 217\u0026ndash;226). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Tic. Ltd. Şti.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlpar R. (2006). \u003cem\u003eSpor Bilimlerinde Uygulamalı İstatistik\u003c/em\u003e (3. Basım). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChristensen AV, Dixon JK, Juel K, Ekholm O, Rasmussen TB, Borregaard B, Mols RE, Thrys\u0026oslash;e L, Thorup CB, Berg SK. Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlpar R. (2003a). \u003cem\u003e\u0026Ccedil;ok Değişkenli İstatiksel Y\u0026ouml;ntemlere Giriş 1\u003c/em\u003e (2. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlpar R. (2003b). \u003cem\u003eUygulamalı \u0026Ccedil;ok Değişkenli İstatiksel Y\u0026ouml;ntemlere Giriş 1\u003c/em\u003e (2. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eParrello S, Sommantico M, De Rosa B. Italian Adaptation and Validation of the Sibling Attachment Inventory. Fam Relat. 2021;70(5):1583\u0026ndash;99.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJensen AC, Killoren SE, Campione-Barr N, Padilla J, Chen B-B. Sibling Relationships in Adolescence and Young Adulthood in Multiple Contexts: A Critical Review. J Social Personal Relationships. 2022;40(2):384\u0026ndash;419. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221104188\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/02654075221104188\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSumbas E. The Analysis of Sibling Relations of Adolescents, Young Adults and Adults. Ulakbilge Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Ulakbilge J Social Sciences]. 2022;10(75):801\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKarag\u0026ouml;z Y. \u003cem\u003eSPSS- AMOS- META Uygulamalı İstatiksel Analizler\u003c/em\u003e (Genişletilmiş). Sistem Ofset Basım Yayın Tic. Ltd. Şti; 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOsorio Guzm\u0026aacute;n M, Sommantico M, Romero CP, De Rosa B, Parrello S. Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(14). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148570\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/ijerph19148570\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"attachment, parent and peer attachment, sibling attachment, validity, reliability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eAim\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory and to examine its psychometric properties.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA methodological and cross-sectional study design was used. The population of the study consisted of students aged 14\u0026ndash;18 years who were enrolled in high schools. Data were collected from 589 students across 6 different schools. The Introductory Information Form, the Sibling Attachment Inventory, and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) were used for data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt was determined that 31.1% of the students were male, the mean age was 15.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98 years, and 34.3% were studying in the 9th grade. It was found that 64% of the students had at least 2 or more siblings. The content validity of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be 0.91. A three-factor structure was identified through exploratory factor analysis, and this structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. In terms of reliability, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.93. In the test-retest results, the intraclass agreement of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be 91.6%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Turkish version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory was found to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in T\u0026uuml;rkiye. The validated Turkish Sibling Attachment Inventory provides pediatric nurses and other professionals with a practical tool to assess sibling relationships and identify adolescents who may need early psychosocial support.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Examination of the Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-04 09:37:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212262/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"224624191508186426076449912768309300668","date":"2026-05-10T19:07:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-27T09:05:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"155160482300171117894701599891851188807","date":"2026-04-27T07:25:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-22T07:43:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-20T11:28:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-27T11:03:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-27T08:22:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Pediatrics","date":"2026-03-27T08:04:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"11119627-6b6b-4d8f-98cf-49fb1e5f8724","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 4th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"224624191508186426076449912768309300668","date":"2026-05-10T19:07:54+00:00","index":61,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T09:37:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-04 09:37:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9212262","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9212262","identity":"rs-9212262","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}