The evolution of host exploitation by parasitoid wasps: the timing of attack and consumption

The evolution of host exploitation by parasitoid wasps: the timing of attack and consumption | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 28 May 2025 V1 Latest version Share on The evolution of host exploitation by parasitoid wasps: the timing of attack and consumption Authors : Ryuichiro Isshiki 0009-0006-5011-4657 [email protected] and Ryosuke Iritani Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174842861.13908872/v1 208 views 133 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract In some parasitoid wasp species, larvae consume their host immediately after hatching (“idiobiont”), while in other species, larvae delay the consumption of the host until the maturation of the host (“koinobiont”). The delayed emergence is a life-history trait associated with numerous life-history traits including lifespan and body size. Consequently, the evolution of delayed emergence has been studied as an explanation for the diversity of life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps. Previous studies have provided support for the association between delayed emergence trait and other life-history traits such as fecundity and parasitoid-induced additional mortality. However, only poorly known is the adaptive significance of delayed emergence. As a result, we have little understanding of what the key factor in life-history diversity in parasitoid wasps is. In this study, we develop mathematical models to examine associations between delayed emergence trait and other life-history traits. Specifically, we studied the evolutionary dynamics of delayed emergence and resulting life-history characteristics of host exploitation. Our results predict that the reproductive values vary with which of the developmental stages of hosts they parasitize. Reproductive values thus determine the optimal target of attacking for parasitoids, with several empirical studies supporting the prediction. Additionally, the evolution of delayed emergence can profoundly alter the life-cycles of parasitoid wasps. For example, in species with delayed emergence, wasps attack young hosts that initially have low reproductive value for parasitoids, but only consume them after the hosts mature and their reproductive value increases. These findings suggest that delayed emergence may be a driver of the syndrome involving multiple traits related to host exploitation in parasitoid wasps. The high diversity of parasitoid wasps therefore provides a rich system for testing hypotheses about life-history syndromes. By linking delayed emergence to broader life-history strategies, this study lays a theoretical foundation for understanding life-history syndromes in parasitoid wasps. Supplementary Material File (oik-11719-file001.pdf) Download 846.68 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 28 May 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords adaptive dynamics life-cycle life-history evolution parasitoid wasp structured population Authors Affiliations Ryuichiro Isshiki 0009-0006-5011-4657 [email protected] The Graduate University for Advanced Studies View all articles by this author Ryosuke Iritani RIKEN View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 208 views 133 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Ryuichiro Isshiki, Ryosuke Iritani. The evolution of host exploitation by parasitoid wasps: the timing of attack and consumption. Authorea . 28 May 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174842861.13908872/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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