Characterization Studies of Polycaprolactone Composite Fibers with Chlorophyllin Sodium Copper and Polyvinyl Acetate for Tissue Engineering Applications

Characterization Studies of Polycaprolactone Composite Fibers with Chlorophyllin Sodium Copper and Polyvinyl Acetate for Tissue Engineering Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characterization Studies of Polycaprolactone Composite Fibers with Chlorophyllin Sodium Copper and Polyvinyl Acetate for Tissue Engineering Applications Muhammad Zikri Aiman Zulkifli, Darman Nordin, Norazuwana Shaari, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587565/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Electrospinning is a widely used technique in Tissue engineering (TE) for fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds that support cell regeneration and tissue repair.. This study examined the synthesis of biodegradable nanofibers composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), chlorophyllin sodium copper (CSC), and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) via electrospinning for scaffold development in TE. PCL was prepared at concentrations of 7, 8, 9, and 10 w/w%, mixed with 5% CSC (relative to PCL weight), and combined with 15 w/w% PVAc. Electrospinning was conducted at 22 ± 5°C and 35 ± 4% humidity. The fiber morphology and diameter were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm their chemical composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the adhesion force and elastic modulus, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. SEM analysis revealed flat, dense, non-beaded fibers with an average diameter of 1717.84 ± 476.06 nm, mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM) dimensions. FTIR confirmed the presence of carbonyl (C=O), hydroxide (O-H), amine (N-H), and alkane (C-H) functional groups, indicating successful incorporation of PCL, CSC, and PVAc. AFM results showed higher adhesion force (44.67 nN) and elastic modulus (224.26 MPa) in composite fibers compared to PCL fibers (14.79 nN, 151.96 MPa), supporting bio-adhesion and cell proliferation. The MTT assay demonstrated ~86% cell viability, indicating biocompatibility and non-toxicity. These findings highlight the potential of PCL/CSC/PVAc composite nanofibers as scaffolds for TE, offering a favorable environment for cell growth and mechanical stability. Tissue engineering Electrospinning Biodegradable nanofibers Polycaprolactone Chlorophyllin sodium copper Polyvinyl acetate Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7587565","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":617274856,"identity":"4a710bdd-230a-4813-a9b3-97d509b174ab","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Zikri Aiman Zulkifli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Zikri Aiman","lastName":"Zulkifli","suffix":""},{"id":617274858,"identity":"8bf7d4c6-35f6-42f2-84b1-875969b6b5ec","order_by":1,"name":"Darman Nordin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA2DShkECRPGQoCWNdC2HSdDCd/zs0w0/d5xPnDntAOODt20M0QYHCGiRPJNudrP3zO3E2dIJzIZz2xhyNxDSYnAgje0Gb9vtxHnSCWzSvERpOf+M7ebftnMgLey/idNyI43tNm/bAZDD2JiJ0iJ54xnbbdm2ZOOZsxObJeeck8idSUgL3/k0tptv2+xkZ9xOPvjhTZlNbh8hLUiAsQFISDAokKAFCuQbSNYyCkbBKBgFwxwAAF2TSIRRmicZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Darman","middleName":"","lastName":"Nordin","suffix":""},{"id":617274862,"identity":"f7c5935f-b2c4-43b0-b5b0-711da1d170be","order_by":2,"name":"Norazuwana Shaari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Norazuwana","middleName":"","lastName":"Shaari","suffix":""},{"id":617274863,"identity":"46024b68-5e54-4f6c-a3e9-5b449deaab59","order_by":3,"name":"Siti Kartom Kamarudin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siti","middleName":"Kartom","lastName":"Kamarudin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-11 04:08:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587565/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587565/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106403599,"identity":"e23f60e0-2428-46ba-8dbc-c868865172ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:14:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":776863,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FullManuscriptText110925withFigurenTable.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7587565/v1_covered_167066d9-0c7f-4cee-800b-5aebc229a86b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Characterization Studies of Polycaprolactone Composite Fibers with Chlorophyllin Sodium Copper and Polyvinyl Acetate for Tissue Engineering Applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"polymer-bulletin","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pobu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Polymer Bulletin](http://link.springer.com/journal/289)","snPcode":"289","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/289/3","title":"Polymer Bulletin","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Tissue engineering, Electrospinning, Biodegradable nanofibers, Polycaprolactone, Chlorophyllin sodium copper, Polyvinyl acetate","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587565/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587565/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Electrospinning is a widely used technique in Tissue engineering (TE) for fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds that support cell regeneration and tissue repair.. 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