Bioconvection of unsteady nonhomogeneous hybrid nanofluids influenced by motile microorganisms

Motile bacteria in hybrid nanofluids cause bioconvection. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas viscose, Bacillus brevis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used to evaluate their effect and dispersion in the hybrid nanofluid. Using hybrid Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles (Cu-Al2O3/water), a two-phase model for mixed bioconvection magnetohydrodynamic flow was created using similarity analysis. M, Pr, and k_p* all affect the sensitivity of velocity and shear stresses. Magnetic, radiation and chemotaxis factors impact bacterial density. Increasing temperature differential and bacterium diffusivity increase bacterial aggregation.