Quantitative trait locus analysis of cucumber fruit texture using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing

Quantitative trait locus analysis of cucumber fruit texture using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quantitative trait locus analysis of cucumber fruit texture using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing Koichiro Shimomura, Mitsuhiro Sugiyama, Yoichi Kawazu, Yosuke Yoshioka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 2 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fruit firmness and crispness are important traits of cucumber because they directly affect its commercial value. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of these fruit texture traits with the double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) technique and detected 31 QTLs for fruit firmness: 11 for placenta firmness, 12 for skin firmness, and 8 for flesh firmness; and 25 QTLs for crispness-related scores: 10 for flesh crispness index, 8 for flesh apparent fractal dimension by Richardson plot, and 7 for flesh apparent fractal dimension by box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension). Several QTLs associated with flesh firmness and crispness are located near regions for fruit length, diameter, and length-to-diameter ratio, and for resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew, indicating that gene linkage is likely to limit breeding efficiency. Our results will contribute to the development of informative DNA markers closely linked to genes for desirable fruit texture traits that are required for effective selection of new cultivars. Plant Physiology and Morphology Cucumber Firmness Crispness Quantitative trait locus ddRAD-Seq Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Fruit texture traits, such as firmness and crispness, are one of the most important characteristics in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.), because these are directly related to consumer preference and demand. Grown and bred around the world, the wide range of cucumber cultivars differ greatly in firmness and crispness. In breeding programs, the genetic structure of the breeding materials and the inheritance of target traits are important for efficient breeding. The genetic and physiological mechanisms of fruit texture traits have been investigated by many researchers (Jones 1954 ; Goffinet 1977 ; Peterson et al. 1978 ; Kanno and Kamimura 1980 ; Suojala-Ahlfors 2005 ; Yoshioka et al. 2010 ; Sakata et al. 2011 ; Shimomura et al. 2016 ). Although breeding efforts for many fruit vegetables have focused on improvement in texture, few advances have been made in identification of genetic mechanisms, because aspects of texture other than firmness are difficult to measure quantitatively. Cucumber fruit firmness has been quantified by scientific instruments for many years (Breene et al. 1972 ; Jeon et al. 1973 ; Kanno and Kamimura 1978 ; Thompson et al. 1982 ). However, firmness is just one component of texture, and other components such as crispness and juiciness are also important. Improvements in computer and instrument performance have allowed researchers to develop new methods for the quantitative evaluation of fruit texture traits by mechanical (Horie et al. 2004 ; Yoshioka et al. 2009 , 2010 ), acoustic (Sakurai et al. 2005 ), and bio-rheological (Dan et al. 2003 ; Kohyama et al. 2009 , 2013 ) measurements. Considerable advances in the genetic analysis of cucumber fruit traits have been made possible by the development of molecular techniques, such as genetic linkage mapping using molecular markers and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Many genetic analyses associated with fruit length, diameter, and length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) have been performed. The first report of QTL analysis for cucumber morphological traits identified 18 QTLs: 5 for length, 3 for diameter, 3 for seed-cavity size, 2 for color, 4 for L/D, and 1 for seed-cavity-to-diameter ratio (Kennard and Havey 1995 ). Later researchers reported many QTLs for fruit morphological traits (Serquen et al. 1997 ; Fazio et al. 2003 ; Yuan et al. 2008a , b ; Bo et al. 2015 ; Weng et al. 2015 ; Pan et al. 2017 ; Shimomura et al. 2017 ; Gao et al. 2020 ; Wang et al. 2020a , b ). Methods of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping by next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) and genotyping-by-sequencing techniques, have been widely adopted on account of their low cost and flexibility (Davey et al. 2011 ). In cucumber, NGS investigations include genetic analysis of fruit-related traits. Wei et al. ( 2014 ) reported the first QTL analysis using an NGS-derived genetic map in cucumber; using the specific-length amplified fragment sequencing technique they identified 7 QTLs for fruit length and 2 QTLs for fruit weight. However, no QTL analysis has yet been performed for fruit texture traits in cucumber. Here, we report the first QTL analysis of fruit firmness and crispness, using double-digest RAD-Seq (ddRAD-Seq) analysis. We investigated three populations of F 2 progeny of parents with high and low crispness: two of Japanese-type cucumber × weedy cucumber line CS-PMR1, and one of Japanese-type cucumber × Beit Alpha-type cucumber. CS-PMR1, derived from PI197088, has strong resistance to both powdery mildew and downy mildew, and can be used to breed new cultivars with resistance to these diseases (Fukino et al. 2013 ; Morishita et al. 2003 ; Sakata et al. 2006 ). However, the development of DNA markers closely linked to genes for both disease resistance and fruit texture traits is needed for the efficient breeding of new cultivars. Here, we document the inheritance of fruit texture traits and discuss the prospects for breeding new cucumber cultivars with disease resistance and desirable fruit texture traits. Materials And Methods Plant materials Phenotypic data on fruit texture traits were collected in 2012, 2014, and 2016 at the Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Mie, Japan. We used three populations of F 2 progeny of parents with high and low crispness (Fig. 1 ). Populations of 116 and 128 F 2 progeny (EC1 and EC2, respectively) were derived from a cross between high-crisp line ‘Encore 10’ (“E”), an inbred line derived from a commercial F 1 hybrid cultivar, and low-crisp line CS-PMR1 (“C”; weedy-type cucumber). EC1 and EC2 populations were sown in plastic pots on 11 Apr 2012 and 21 Apr 2014 and transplanted into a plastic greenhouse on 2 May 2012 and 9 May 2014. A population of 163 F 2 progeny (EA) was derived from a cross between ‘Encore 10’ and low-crisp line ‘Atar’ (“A”; Beit Alpha type), an inbred line derived from a commercial F 1 hybrid cultivar. The EA population was sown on 25 Apr 2016 and transplanted on 10 May 2016. Plants set fruit 1 month after transplanting. Fruits for puncture tests were harvested on 26 May to 15 June 2012, 11 June to 15 July 2014, and 13 June to 22 July 2016. These fruits weighed around 100 g, the Japanese market standard. Evaluation of fruit texture We evaluated the texture of the sampled fruits by puncture test as described previously (Yoshioka et al. 2009 , 2010 ; Shimomura et al. 2016 ). A 15-mm-thick transverse slice was cut from the middle of each fruit. The samples were punctured with a Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., Surrey, UK) fitted with a 3.0-mm-diameter cylindrical plunger. The rate of advance was 150 mm min − 1 , and data were acquired at a resolution of 500 points per second. Transverse sections were punctured in the direction of the long axis of the fruit to a distance of 8 mm: the placenta was punctured once, and the fleshy part was punctured at three separate locations. The middle two-thirds of each force–deformation curve (puncture depth 2.5 to 7.6 mm) was used to calculate placenta firmness (PFI), flesh firmness (FFI), and three flesh crispness scores: flesh crispness index (FCI) and the apparent fractal dimension of each curve by the Richardson plot (FFDR) and box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension; FFDK) methods (Russ 1994 ; Peleg 1997 ; Roudaut et al. 2002 ; Horie et al. 2004 ; Yoshioka et al. 2009 ). For the evaluation of skin firmness (SFI) with a 30° wedge plunger, the samples were punctured from outside to inside to a distance of 4 mm at three locations. The first peak force in each force–deformation curve was recorded and used as SFI. The data were analyzed in R software v. 4.0.2 (R Development Core Team, 2005). Double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) Library construction and sequencing analysis of the three populations and the parents were performed as described by Shirasawa et al. ( 2016 ) with minor modifications. The ddRAD-Seq libraries were constructed with two combinations of restriction enzymes, Pst I and Msp I (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Digested DNA was ligated to adapters using T4 DNA ligase (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and purified using Agencourt AMPure XP cleanup reagent (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) to eliminate short (< 300 bp) DNA fragments. Purified DNA was amplified by PCR with indexed primers. Amplified DNA fragments were purified using the Qiagen Mini Elute Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and fragments 300–1000 bp in length were fractionated by 2.0% agarose gel electrophoresis (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with a QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen). These libraries were sequenced on a HiSeq X sequencer (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, USA) in 150-bp paired-end reads. NGS data acquisition and SNP calling The sequencing data without low-quality reads were trimmed and filtered in FaQCs v. 2.08 software (Lo and Chain 2014 ). Then the data were mapped to the cucumber reference genome (‘Chinese Long’ v3) sequence (Li et al. 2019 ) in the Cucurbit Genomics Database of the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative ( http://www.icugi.org ) in BWA-MEM v. 0.7.17 software (Li 2013 ). The resulting sequence alignment/map (SAM) format files were converted to binary sequence alignment/map (BAM) format files. SNP calling and genotyping were performed with the mpileup tool in SAMtools v. 0.1.15 and BCFtools v. 1.9 software (Li 2011 ). SNPs with > 8 reads in > 80% of progeny were used for analysis. SSR markers We used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from previous studies (Fukino et al. 2008 ; Ren et al. 2009 ; Cavagnaro et al. 2010 ) to test for polymorphism between parents of EC1. PCR amplification was carried out using a post-labeling method for multiplexed genotyping analysis with a bar-coded split tag (BStag) as described by Shimizu and Yano ( 2011 ) with minor modifications. PCR was performed in a 10-µL reaction mixture that consisted of 1–5 ng of genomic DNA, 0.5 pmol of both the tagged forward primer and the fluorescently labeled BStag primer, 2 pmol of reverse primer, and 2× Qiagen Multiplex PCR Master Mix (Qiagen). DNA was amplified in a Mastercycler Pro 384 (Eppendorf Corporation, Hamburg, Germany) under the following protocol: 95 °C for 5 min; 33 cycles of 95 °C for 20 s, 55 °C for 1 min 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s; an additional three cycles of 95 °C for 20 s, 49 °C for 1 min 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s; and 68 °C for 10 min. The sizes of the amplified fragments were estimated on an automated DNA analyzer (model 3730xl, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with a GeneScan-500LIZ size standard (Applied Biosystems). Fragment length was determined in GeneMapper software (Applied Biosystems). Linkage map construction and QTL analysis Three genetic linkage maps were constructed in AntMap v. 1.2 software (Iwata and Ninomiya 2006 ) from the SNP markers obtained by ddRAD-Seq analysis. The SNP markers were selected by removing low-quality loci (> 5 progeny have missing values at each locus). For EC1, 103 additional SSR markers were used. QTL analysis for each texture trait was performed by composite interval mapping in Windows QTL Cartographer v. 2.5 software (Wang et al. 2007 ) with the following parameter settings: model 6, forward and backward stepwise regression model, 5 maximum background marker loci, window size 10, and 1 cM walking speed along chromosomes. The logarithm of odds (LOD) thresholds for QTL detection in both mapping methods were determined by 1000 permutations. Results The continuous distributions of fruit texture traits in the three F 2 populations suggest polygenic control of these traits (Fig. 2 ). As expected, the high-crisp parent (‘Encore 10’) had high crispness-related scores (FCI, FFDR, FFDK) and the low-crisp parents (CS-PMR1 and ‘Atar’) had low scores. On the other hand, placenta, skin, and flesh firmness showed different features: both ‘Encore 10’ and ‘Atar’ had similar scores for PFI and SFI; and both parents of all populations had similar scores for FFI (Fig. 2 ; Table S1). ddRAD-Seq analysis returned an average of 0.5 million high-quality reads per sample with an average Q30 quality score (indicating a 0.1% chance of error and 99.9% confidence) of 94.38 at 279 out of 2664 SNP sites in EC1, 1.7 million reads with Q30 = 90.26 at 607/3571 SNPs in EC2, and 1.3 million reads with Q30 = 94.54 at 496/2093 SNPs in EA. With the 103 additional SSR markers in EC1, we used 382 (EC1), 607 (EC2), and 496 (EA) markers for constructing linkage maps. Each map has seven linkage groups (LGs), and spans 946.31 cM (with an average distance between markers of 2.48 cM) in EC1, 661.81 cM (1.09 cM) in EC2, and 706.54 cM (1.42 cM) in EA. All sets of seven LGs correspond to the cucumber ‘Chinese Long’ v3 reference genome (Li et al. 2019 ). The order of markers was almost entirely conserved throughout the three maps (Fig. 3 ). EA had long regions with no markers (> 10 cM) of 14.13 cM on Chr. 2, 12.25 cM on Chr. 4, 11.15 cM on Chr. 5, and 16.95 cM on Chr. 6. EC1 had only one large gap, of 10.11 cM on Chr. 5. EC2 had no large gaps. Many QTLs for fruit texture traits detected were significant at LOD thresholds of 3.5–3.8 (Fig. 4 ). The LOD peaks of these QTLs ranged from 3.53 to 34.12, and the proportion of phenotypic variation explained ( R 2 ) ranged from 0.04 to 0.55 (Table 1 ). QTLs for each texture trait were detected in the same or near regions of EC1 and EC2 if regions where their LOD scores exceeded the threshold overlapped. On the other hand, the detection of some QTLs in different regions between EC and EA was considered to be caused by the different parental line combinations. In total, 56 QTLs for texture traits were detected: 11 for PFI, 12 for SFI, 8 for FFI, 10 for FCI, 8 for FFDR, and 7 for FFDK (Fig. 4 ; Table 1 ). Table 1 QTLs for fruit texture traits detected by composite interval mapping in F 2 populations from ‘Encore 10’ × CS-PMR1 cross (EC1, EC2) and ‘Encore 10’ × ‘Atar’ cross (EA). Trait Chr. QTL ab Position (cM) LOD peak Contributing parent Additive effect Estimated range within ‘Chinese Long’ v3 genome R 2c Placenta firmness (PFI) EC1 pfi-1.2 72.0 3.65 Encore 10 0.074 17938051–18305320 0.07 pfi-2.1 53.4 9.96 Encore 10 0.117 8268910–15656494 0.19 4 pfi-4.1 42.7 3.74 Encore 10 0.068 2350185–5938439 0.07 6 pfi-6.1 71.6 7.86 CS-PMR1 −0.106 10124104–17307123 0.15 6 pfi-6.2 118.9 7.19 Encore 10 0.113 20945018–26073622 0.15 EC2 1 pfi-1.3 85.4 11.29 Encore 10 0.278 24765386–32324446 0.18 2 pfi-2.1 43.8 6.95 Encore 10 0.241 9863544–14476230 0.10 4 pfi-4.2 56.2 5.99 Encore 10 0.214 9614597–17359638 0.09 6 pfi-6.1 42.1 5.01 CS-PMR1 −0.192 9100225–13529188 0.07 6 pfi-6.2 68.7 7.62 Encore 10 0.263 21270182–28170725 0.11 EA 1 pfi-1.1 18.0 8.55 Encore 10 0.335 1172237–6198629 0.16 2 pfi-2.1 28.8 5.44 Encore 10 0.249 4695169–12618347 0.08 2 pfi-2.2 64.9 4.60 Encore 10 0.192 17757949–20408580 0.07 pfi-3.1 35.0 8.66 Encore 10 0.317 6860994–12201882 0.17 4 pfi-4.3 79.4 5.45 Atar −0.217 17493968–22922654 0.10 Skin firmness (SFI) EC1 1 sfi-1.2 C 65.7 6.47 CS-PMR1 −2.260 8218171–19041404 0.14 2 sfi-2.1 31.2 7.26 CS-PMR1 −1.919 4201305–10280790 0.15 3 sfi-3.1 C 6.0 8.09 CS-PMR1 −2.609 319052–8140626 0.19 EC2 1 sfi-1.1 5.0 7.36 CS-PMR1 −2.082 62696–3536162 0.12 1 sfi-1.3 68.4 6.69 CS-PMR1 −2.032 19041404–25266488 0.12 2 sfi-2.1 44.2 5.02 CS-PMR1 −2.146 9863544–14206511 0.08 3 sfi-3.1 C 3.2 9.37 CS-PMR1 −2.755 352951–6845050 0.17 3 sfi-3.2 66.7 4.15 CS-PMR1 −1.539 29875711–30534604 0.06 6 sfi-6.2 78.8 3.64 CS-PMR1 −1.422 24568370–24624709 0.06 EA 1 sfi-1.2 E 34.7 15.49 Encore 10 2.760 4246297–10199104 0.27 3 sfi-3.1 A 2.2 4.56 Atar −1.258 348913–3132790 0.07 4 sfi-4.1 64.4 4.75 Atar −1.339 15188653–18675455 0.08 5 sfi-5.1 62.3 5.16 Atar −1.351 17381318–25137285 0.08 6 sfi-6.1 57.5 7.03 Encore 10 1.221 10340732–21093120 0.10 Flesh firmness (FFI) EC1 1 ffi-1.1 17.5 5.41 Encore 10 0.300 1345396–4183118 0.14 1 ffi-1.2 76.2 7.60 Encore 10 0.396 4808143–23134200 0.20 6 ffi-6.3 112.5 3.93 Encore 10 0.290 21213122–23012045 0.12 EC2 1 ffi-1.2 54.2 10.18 Encore 10 0.447 10460732–21590246 0.25 6 ffi-6.1 32.9 5.57 CS-PMR1 −0.236 6089049–10783025 0.12 6 ffi-6.4 92.0 5.31 Encore 10 0.262 28218841–30759549 0.11 EA 1 ffi-1.1 16.6 34.12 Encore 10 0.609 1779920–6198629 0.55 3 ffi-3.1 26.8 4.41 Encore 10 0.179 6229032–11661083 0.05 4 ffi-4.1 71.4 4.04 Atar −0.123 17493968–17974470 0.04 6 ffi-6.2 57.5 6.72 Encore 10 0.159 13642268–20075212 0.07 a pfi , placenta firmness; sfi , skin firmness; ffi , flesh firmness; fci , flesh crispness index; ffdr , flesh apparent fractal dimension based on Richardson plot; ffdk , flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension). b sfi-1.2 E is contributed by ‘Encore 10’ inbred line, sfi-3.1 A is contributed by ‘Atar’ inbred line, sfi-1.2 C and sfi-3.1 C are contributed by CS-PMR1. c R 2 is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL. Table 1 (Continued). Trait Chr. QTL ab Position (cM) LOD peak Contributing parent Additive effect Estimated range within ‘Chinese Long’ v3 genome R 2c Flesh crispness index (FCI) EC1 1 fci-1.1 5.2 9.77 Encore 10 0.109 77153–2993540 0.20 3 fci-3.1 81.8 9.94 Encore 10 0.117 16211979–28040750 0.23 5 fci-5.1 38.3 4.32 Encore 10 0.071 5591997–6531518 0.09 6 fci-6.1 95.4 5.19 Encore 10 0.018 18728426–21213122 0.09 EC2 1 fci-1.1 14.8 17.61 Encore 10 0.193 62696–5485409 0.28 1 fci-1.2 81.2 4.20 Encore 10 0.037 25350961–26438849 0.05 3 fci-3.1 48.1 4.06 Encore 10 0.105 17838480–20917609 0.05 4 fci-4.1 72.6 8.43 CS-PMR1 −0.139 17623371–23097150 0.13 6 fci-6.3 90.8 4.05 Encore 10 0.080 28170725–29384179 0.05 EA 1 fci-1.1 1.0 3.74 Encore 10 0.081 198244–989498 0.06 2 fci-2.1 59.2 6.67 Atar −0.102 15568875–20408580 0.11 3 fci-3.1 70.2 7.86 Encore 10 0.118 19323744–29655770 0.13 5 fci-5.2 66.9 4.04 Encore 10 0.080 22358151–24753912 0.07 6 fci-6.1 61.7 14.50 Encore 10 0.135 10340732–21093120 0.24 6 fci-6.2 90.3 3.64 Encore 10 0.061 24693006–26147197 0.05 Flesh apparent fractal dimension by Richardson plot (FFDR) EC1 1 ffdr-1.1 2.4 5.88 Encore 10 0.010 77153–2204911 0.13 3 ffdr-3.1 81.8 10.11 Encore 10 0.017 16211979–28040750 0.27 5 ffdr-5.1 79.6 5.17 Encore 10 0.011 17657831–24443816 0.12 EC2 1 ffdr-1.1 9.7 9.03 Encore 10 0.014 62696–4118470 0.17 2 ffdr-2.1 48.6 4.03 Encore 10 0.008 13530264–14476230 0.07 3 ffdr-3.1 55.3 6.30 Encore 10 0.015 17838480–29875711 0.12 EA 1 ffdr-1.2 37.5 3.53 Atar −0.008 9538226–10199104 0.06 2 ffdr-2.2 73.8 3.76 Atar −0.009 17477386–20408580 0.08 3 ffdr-3.1 70.2 10.38 Encore 10 0.016 16175273–29445989 0.21 5 ffdr-5.1 67.9 5.76 Encore 10 0.011 20648581–27048928 0.11 6 ffdr-6.1 62.7 6.80 Encore 10 0.010 13642268–22008822 0.13 6 ffdr-6.2 90.3 3.61 Encore 10 0.006 24693006–25831572 0.06 Flesh apparent fractal dimension by box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension) (FFDK) EC1 1 ffdk-1.1 7.5 9.29 Encore 10 0.015 77153–5251504 0.18 3 ffdk-3.1 84.0 7.77 Encore 10 0.016 16298404–28040750 0.22 5 ffdk-5.1 22.6 4.94 Encore 10 0.012 2754900–5011135 0.13 EC2 1 ffdk-1.1 1.6 10.94 Encore 10 0.018 62696–2502042 0.19 3 ffdk-3.1 58.0 11.43 Encore 10 0.019 17838480–29875711 0.21 EA 2 ffdk-2.1 59.2 4.43 Atar −0.010 17148765–20408580 0.08 3 ffdk-3.1 70.2 10.44 Encore 10 0.017 16175273–29445989 0.20 5 ffdk-5.2 67.9 5.18 Encore 10 0.011 21011617–27048928 0.09 6 ffdk-6.1 62.7 3.99 Encore 10 0.007 16965857–21093120 0.07 6 ffdk-6.2 90.3 4.15 Encore 10 0.008 24693006–26281957 0.07 a pfi , placenta firmness; sfi , skin firmness; ffi , flesh firmness; fci , flesh crispness index; ffdr , flesh apparent fractal dimension based on Richardson plot; ffdk , flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension). b sfi-1.2 E is contributed by ‘Encore 10’ inbred line, sfi-3.1 A is contributed by ‘Atar’ inbred line, sfi-1.2 C and sfi-3.1 C are contributed by CS-PMR1. c R 2 is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL. All QTLs are named with the trait abbreviation followed by the LG number and the sequential number of the QTL for this trait (1, 2, 3, or 4) along the chromosome (Table 1 ). The QTLs for SFI on Chrs. 1 and 3 were detected in the same region among the three populations, but the contributing parents were different. These QTL names were appended with the initial letter of their parent name in superscript. Some major QTLs for different texture traits were detected in almost the same region (Fig. 4 ; Table 1 ): pfi-1.1 , sfi-1.1 , ffi-1.1 , fci-1.1 , ffdr-1.1 , and ffdk-1.1 on one part of Chr. 1; sfi-1.2 E and ffi-1.2 on another part of Chr. 1; pfi-2.1 and sfi-2.1 on Chr. 2; fci-3.1 , ffdr-3.1 , and ffdk-3.1 on Chr. 3; pfi-6.1 , sfi-6.1 , and fci-6.1 on Chr. 6. Discussion In cucumber breeding, fruit texture traits are primary targets for improving fruit quality. Breeders have hitherto assessed fruit texture traits by sensory evaluation. Genotypic effects and heritability of fruit firmness have been investigated in crossing experiments, and it has been suggested that firmness is controlled genetically (Peterson et al. 1978 ; Kanno and Kamimura 1980 ; Yoshioka et al. 2009 , 2010 ). However, few genetic studies of fruit crispness in cucumber have been performed (Yoshioka et al. 2009 , 2010 ). Evaluating fruit texture traits quantitatively by using mechanical measurement in segregating populations allows their genetic analysis. As all texture traits of our three populations of F 2 progeny were distributed widely, these traits are controlled quantitatively (Fig. 2 ). Many fruit appearance traits, such as length, diameter, and L/D, are controlled by QTLs (Yuan et al. 2008a , b ; Bo et al. 2015 ; Weng et al. 2015 ; Pan et al. 2017 ; Shimomura et al. 2017 ; Gao et al. 2020 ; Pan et al. 2020 ; Wang et al. 2020a , b ). Our results indicate that fruit texture traits also are controlled by QTLs. Linkage maps of three F 2 populations were constructed by using ddRAD-Seq analysis and compared (Fig. 3 ). The order of common markers is almost identical among the three populations and the cucumber reference genome (Li et al. 2019 ). Polymorphic loci were detected more or less evenly throughout each LG in EC1 and EC2. However, in EA, there were relatively large gaps, of > 10 cM, between markers. This result suggests that the ‘Encore 10’ inbred line and the ‘Atar’ inbred line have similar structures in part of the genome because they were both derived from current F 1 cultivars, and thus polymorphic sites cannot be detected in these parts. Fifty-six QTLs for firmness (PFI, SFI, FFI) and crispness-related scores (FCI, FFDR, FFDK) were detected (Fig. 4 ; Table 1 ). Some of the QTLs with large effect for PFI and SFI were detected in the same regions in EC1 and EC2 but in different regions in EA. The flesh is the most important part because it accounts for most of the cucumber fruit. Composite interval mapping detected 8 QTLs for FFI, 10 for FCI, 8 for FFDR, and 7 for FFDK. Those on Chr. 1 were detected in all populations (Fig. 4 ). However, their effects differed between EC and EA: In EC1 and EC2, ffi-1.2 (in different locations from those for crispness-related scores), fci-1.1 , ffdr-1.1 , and ffdk-1.1 had large effects. In EA, on the other hand, ffi-1.1 had a large effect, but fci-1.1 and ffdr-1.2 had very small effects. Although there were some overlapping regions, crispness and firmness appear to be controlled by different mechanisms. Furthermore, QTLs for all crispness-related scores on Chr. 3 were detected in all populations, and some had high LOD scores (Fig. 4 ). Those on Chr. 6 were detected in both EC1 and EA (Fig. 4 ). Yoshioka et al. ( 2009 ) reported that fruit texture parameters differed significantly among cultivation periods. However, these QTLs, especially those on Chr. 3, were detected in multiple populations and cultivation periods, indicating their importance in controlling flesh crispness traits. There are no reports of QTLs for firmness and crispness in cucumber, but some reports describe QTL analysis and gene identification of fruit texture traits in other species. Several QTLs and candidate genes for fruit firmness are reported in melon (Moreno et al. 2008 ), grape (Carreño et al. 2014 ; Correa et al. 2016 ), and tomato (Chapman et al. 2012 ; Yang et al. 2016 ). In apple, Md-PG1 , in the polygalacturonase gene family, was associated with loss of fruit firmness and crispness during storage (Costa et al. 2010 ; Longhi et al. 2013 ; Moriya et al. 2017 ; Poles et al. 2020 ). Md-PG1 is related to cell wall structure and its modification. In the cucumber reference genome, a few polygalacturonase -like genes are located within the estimated QTL range for flesh crispness-related scores detected in Chr. 3. However, flesh crispness in cucumber still diffed among cultivars before harvesting (Shimomura et al. 2016 ). The results indicate that a variety of genetic mechanisms may govern fruit crispness. CS-PMR1 can be used as breeding material because of its strong resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew (Sakata et al. 2006 ; Fukino et al. 2013 ; Yoshioka et al. 2014 ). Some large-effect QTLs for resistance to these diseases are located near the QTLs detected here. In particular, the QTLs with large effects on SFI, FFI, and crispness-related scores on Chr. 1 identified here (Fig. 4 ) are located near some genes for resistance to powdery mildew ( pm1.1 and pm1.2 ) and downy mildew ( dm1.2 and dm1.3 ) (Fukino et al. 2013 ; Yoshioka et al. 2014 ). Furthermore, QTLs for fruit length, diameter, and L/D ratio were detected on Chrs. 1, 2, and 6 in different populations (Yuan et al. 2008a , b ; Bo et al. 2015 ; Weng et al. 2015 ; Pan et al. 2017 ; Shimomura et al. 2017 ; Gao et al. 2020 ; Wang et al. 2020a , b ). The locations of QTLs for fruit texture, morphological traits, and disease resistance on these chromosomes are highly complex. In developing new cultivars with introgressed traits, breeders repeat backcrossing and selecting over many years. However, the apparent linkage between fruit texture traits and resistance would reduce breeding efficiency in gene pyramiding. Our result will contribute to the development of new DNA markers tightly linked to QTLs for fruit texture traits that can be used in breeding. Fruit firmness and crispness differ greatly among cultivars around the world, and consumers have different preferences. In cucumber, fruit texture is considered to be the most important deliciousness factor in Japan, because cucumber has little distinctive taste-related characteristics, such as sweetness, as are found in other fruit crops and vegetables. For example, flesh crispness scores were significantly higher in Japanese F 1 hybrid cultivars than in other cultivars such as the Beit Alpha type and the European greenhouse type (Yoshioka et al. 2009 ; Sakata et al. 2011 ; Shimomura et al. 2016 ). Therefore, fruit crispness has been an important target in cucumber breeding. The newly identified QTLs for fruit firmness and crispness will allow us to develop DNA markers with the traits. In particular, the QTLs on Chr. 3, where QTL for flesh crispness-related scores were detected among all populations, would be crucial to selecting for high crispness. We anticipate that our results will advance the development of informative DNA markers for fruit texture traits, and of new cucumber cultivars with desired fruit qualities. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials Data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP26712004. Authors’ contributions All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by YY and KS. All authors discussed and guided all steps of the experiments, and contributed to the preparation of the final version of the paper. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Motoki Shimizu of Iwate Biotechnology Research Center for coaching in NGS data analysis, and Dr. Kenta Shirasawa of Kazusa DNA Research Institute for instruction in ddRAD-Seq analysis. We also thank F. Hori, S. Masuji, D. Yamashita, Y. Wazaki, M. Shindo, M. Wakabayashi, Y. Taki, A. Suzuki, C. Yamada, A. Tsunoda, and M. Sano of the Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, for technical assistance. References [1] Bo K, Ma Z, Chen J, Weng Y (2015) Molecular mapping reveals structural rearrangements and quantitative trait loci underlying traits with local adaptation in semi-wild Xishuangbanna cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan). Theor Appl Genet 128:25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2410-z [2] Breene WM, Da Vis DW, Chou HE (1972) Texture profile analysis of cucumbers. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-167431","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":14011558,"identity":"9c896f91-e928-45cf-af6f-6a27cdf08394","order_by":0,"name":"Koichiro Shimomura","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcYGMM3PwPjgA1QsgTgtkg3MhjOI1AKlDQ4gtOAH8rObWzd8zDmcb3z8MGNzRQ2DXT8Dw7MH+LQY3DnYdnPmtsOW284kMzaeOcaQPLOBId0ArxaJxLbbvNsOG5gdyD/+sLGBIdngAEOaBD4t8jOgWoz7HzM2EqWF4QZUi4FEMliLHUEtBkAtQL+kG0jcANrScEwiQbKZgF/kZ6Q/u/Fxm7UBfz/QloYaG3t+9p60B3gdhgYkEhuYedJI0cHAYM/AwH6MNC2jYBSMglEw3AEA2FROh4h1/KEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-956X","institution":"National Agriculture and Food Research Organization","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Koichiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Shimomura","suffix":""},{"id":14011559,"identity":"bbfc0091-c10c-454f-aad3-6082766171fc","order_by":1,"name":"Mitsuhiro Sugiyama","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Agriculture and Food Research Organization","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mitsuhiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Sugiyama","suffix":""},{"id":14011560,"identity":"823f8a79-d66a-4228-934f-3b91434e9162","order_by":2,"name":"Yoichi Kawazu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Agriculture and Food Research Organization","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yoichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Kawazu","suffix":""},{"id":14011561,"identity":"11ca3489-a7f9-454d-a89f-430b593325cc","order_by":3,"name":"Yosuke Yoshioka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tsukuba","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yosuke","middleName":"","lastName":"Yoshioka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-01-28 05:52:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6484521,"identity":"75c3b9ca-c71b-468a-85d4-023daf78f76d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-01 21:03:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":229332,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Fruit of the parental lines at 100 g weight: a high-crisp inbred line ‘Encore 10’, b low-crisp line CS-PMR1, c low-crisp inbred line ‘Atar’.","description":"","filename":"Fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-167431/v1/fccd631968713e3599b9db92.jpg"},{"id":6484778,"identity":"27d7f577-7d63-4b43-b474-63bd42a4b0e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-01 21:06:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":172418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Frequency distributions of fruit texture traits in F2 populations derived from ‘Encore 10’ (“E”) × CS-PMR1 (“C”) crosses (EC1, EC2) and E × ‘Atar’ (“A”) cross (EA). PFI, placenta firmness; SFI, skin firmness; FFI, flesh firmness; FCI, flesh crispness index; FFDR, flesh apparent fractal dimensions based on Richardson plot; FFDK, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension).","description":"","filename":"Fig2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-167431/v1/eb78bbab7c63ae83c207c131.jpg"},{"id":6484777,"identity":"d6902185-0f2c-4f30-ac39-c8189921b44c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-01 21:06:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":288618,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Linkage map of ‘Encore 10’ × CS-PMR1 crosses (EC1, EC2) and ‘Encore 10’ × ‘Atar’ cross (EA). Linkage groups were assigned to cucumber reference genome chromosomes (‘Chinese Long v3’). Left position is EC1, center is EC2, and right is EA in each linkage group. Ladder steps in each linkage group indicate loci; black lines between linkage groups indicate common loci among (or between) populations.","description":"","filename":"Fig3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-167431/v1/85764e1a5c11b145e9625e4e.jpg"},{"id":6484776,"identity":"5abb4153-fd89-4a13-beed-e89639127120","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-01 21:06:01","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":163659,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Positions and LOD scores of QTLs associated with fruit texture traits in three F2 populations. Horizontal rules represent LOD thresholds at the 0.05 level of significance. PFI, placenta firmness; SFI, skin firmness; FFI, flesh firmness; FCI, flesh crispness index; FFDR, flesh apparent fractal dimensions based on Richardson plot; FFDK, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov’s dimension).","description":"","filename":"Fig4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-167431/v1/9b4d77bf2489a05343f028f6.jpg"},{"id":13675068,"identity":"38999408-ab97-47a3-b433-bf27843ae2c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 11:24:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":727301,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-167431/v1/61ce0165-480a-4504-8bb0-6de9f103c36d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Quantitative trait locus analysis of cucumber fruit texture using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":" \u003cp\u003eFruit texture traits, such as firmness and crispness, are one of the most important characteristics in cucumber (\u003cem\u003eCucumis sativus\u003c/em\u003e L.), because these are directly related to consumer preference and demand. Grown and bred around the world, the wide range of cucumber cultivars differ greatly in firmness and crispness. In breeding programs, the genetic structure of the breeding materials and the inheritance of target traits are important for efficient breeding. The genetic and physiological mechanisms of fruit texture traits have been investigated by many researchers (Jones \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1954\u003c/span\u003e; Goffinet \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e; Peterson et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; Kanno and Kamimura \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Suojala-Ahlfors \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Sakata et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Although breeding efforts for many fruit vegetables have focused on improvement in texture, few advances have been made in identification of genetic mechanisms, because aspects of texture other than firmness are difficult to measure quantitatively. Cucumber fruit firmness has been quantified by scientific instruments for many years (Breene et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1972\u003c/span\u003e; Jeon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1973\u003c/span\u003e; Kanno and Kamimura \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; Thompson et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1982\u003c/span\u003e). However, firmness is just one component of texture, and other components such as crispness and juiciness are also important. Improvements in computer and instrument performance have allowed researchers to develop new methods for the quantitative evaluation of fruit texture traits by mechanical (Horie et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), acoustic (Sakurai et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e), and bio-rheological (Dan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Kohyama et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) measurements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsiderable advances in the genetic analysis of cucumber fruit traits have been made possible by the development of molecular techniques, such as genetic linkage mapping using molecular markers and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Many genetic analyses associated with fruit length, diameter, and length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) have been performed. The first report of QTL analysis for cucumber morphological traits identified 18 QTLs: 5 for length, 3 for diameter, 3 for seed-cavity size, 2 for color, 4 for L/D, and 1 for seed-cavity-to-diameter ratio (Kennard and Havey \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e). Later researchers reported many QTLs for fruit morphological traits (Serquen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Fazio et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Yuan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e; Bo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Weng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Pan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Gao et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Wang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e). Methods of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping by next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) and genotyping-by-sequencing techniques, have been widely adopted on account of their low cost and flexibility (Davey et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). In cucumber, NGS investigations include genetic analysis of fruit-related traits. Wei et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) reported the first QTL analysis using an NGS-derived genetic map in cucumber; using the specific-length amplified fragment sequencing technique they identified 7 QTLs for fruit length and 2 QTLs for fruit weight. However, no QTL analysis has yet been performed for fruit texture traits in cucumber.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHere, we report the first QTL analysis of fruit firmness and crispness, using double-digest RAD-Seq (ddRAD-Seq) analysis. We investigated three populations of F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e progeny of parents with high and low crispness: two of Japanese-type cucumber \u0026times; weedy cucumber line CS-PMR1, and one of Japanese-type cucumber \u0026times; Beit Alpha-type cucumber. CS-PMR1, derived from PI197088, has strong resistance to both powdery mildew and downy mildew, and can be used to breed new cultivars with resistance to these diseases (Fukino et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Morishita et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Sakata et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). However, the development of DNA markers closely linked to genes for both disease resistance and fruit texture traits is needed for the efficient breeding of new cultivars. Here, we document the inheritance of fruit texture traits and discuss the prospects for breeding new cucumber cultivars with disease resistance and desirable fruit texture traits.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":" \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePlant materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotypic data on fruit texture traits were collected in 2012, 2014, and 2016\u0026nbsp;at the Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Mie, Japan. We used three populations of F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e progeny of parents with high and low crispness (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Populations of 116 and 128 F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e progeny (EC1 and EC2, respectively) were derived from a cross between high-crisp line \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; (\u0026ldquo;E\u0026rdquo;), an inbred line derived from a commercial F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid cultivar, and low-crisp line CS-PMR1 (\u0026ldquo;C\u0026rdquo;; weedy-type cucumber). EC1 and EC2 populations were sown in plastic pots on 11 Apr 2012 and 21 Apr 2014 and transplanted into a plastic greenhouse on 2 May 2012 and 9 May 2014. A population of 163 F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e progeny (EA) was derived from a cross between \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; and low-crisp line \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; (\u0026ldquo;A\u0026rdquo;; Beit Alpha type), an inbred line derived from a commercial F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid cultivar. The EA population was sown on 25 Apr 2016 and transplanted on 10 May 2016. Plants set fruit 1 month after transplanting. Fruits for puncture tests were harvested on 26 May to 15 June 2012, 11 June to 15 July 2014, and 13 June to 22 July 2016. These fruits weighed around 100\u0026nbsp;g, the Japanese market standard.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEvaluation of fruit texture\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe evaluated the texture of the sampled fruits by puncture test as described previously (Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). A 15-mm-thick transverse slice was cut from the middle of each fruit. The samples were punctured with a Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., Surrey, UK) fitted with a 3.0-mm-diameter cylindrical plunger. The rate of advance was 150\u0026nbsp;mm min\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, and data were acquired at a resolution of 500 points per second. Transverse sections were punctured in the direction of the long axis of the fruit to a distance of 8 mm: the placenta was punctured once, and the fleshy part was punctured at three separate locations. The middle two-thirds of each force\u0026ndash;deformation curve (puncture depth 2.5 to 7.6\u0026nbsp;mm) was used to calculate placenta firmness (PFI), flesh firmness (FFI), and three flesh crispness scores: flesh crispness index (FCI) and the apparent fractal dimension of each curve by the Richardson plot (FFDR) and box-counting (Kolmogorov\u0026rsquo;s dimension; FFDK) methods (Russ \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Peleg \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Roudaut et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e; Horie et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). For the evaluation of skin firmness (SFI) with a 30\u0026deg; wedge plunger, the samples were punctured from outside to inside to a distance of 4\u0026nbsp;mm at three locations. The first peak force in each force\u0026ndash;deformation curve was recorded and used as SFI. The data were analyzed in R software v. 4.0.2 (R Development Core Team, 2005).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDouble-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eLibrary construction and sequencing analysis of the three populations and the parents were performed as described by Shirasawa et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) with minor modifications. The ddRAD-Seq libraries were constructed with two combinations of restriction enzymes, \u003cem\u003ePst\u003c/em\u003eI and \u003cem\u003eMsp\u003c/em\u003eI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Digested DNA was ligated to adapters using T4 DNA ligase (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and purified using Agencourt AMPure XP cleanup reagent (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) to eliminate short (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;300\u0026nbsp;bp) DNA fragments. Purified DNA was amplified by PCR with indexed primers. Amplified DNA fragments were purified using the Qiagen Mini Elute Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and fragments 300\u0026ndash;1000\u0026nbsp;bp in length were fractionated by 2.0% agarose gel electrophoresis (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with a QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen). These libraries were sequenced on a HiSeq X sequencer (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, USA) in 150-bp paired-end reads.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNGS data acquisition and SNP calling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sequencing data without low-quality reads were trimmed and filtered in FaQCs v. 2.08 software (Lo and Chain \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Then the data were mapped to the cucumber reference genome (\u0026lsquo;Chinese Long\u0026rsquo; v3) sequence (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) in the Cucurbit Genomics Database of the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.icugi.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) in BWA-MEM v. 0.7.17 software (Li \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). The resulting sequence alignment/map (SAM) format files were converted to binary sequence alignment/map (BAM) format files. SNP calling and genotyping were performed with the mpileup tool in SAMtools v. 0.1.15 and BCFtools v. 1.9 software (Li \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). SNPs with \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;8 reads in \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;80% of progeny were used for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSSR markers\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from previous studies (Fukino et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Ren et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Cavagnaro et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) to test for polymorphism between parents of EC1. PCR amplification was carried out using a post-labeling method for multiplexed genotyping analysis with a bar-coded split tag (BStag) as described by Shimizu and Yano (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) with minor modifications. PCR was performed in a 10-\u0026micro;L reaction mixture that consisted of 1\u0026ndash;5\u0026nbsp;ng of genomic DNA, 0.5\u0026nbsp;pmol of both the tagged forward primer and the fluorescently labeled BStag primer, 2\u0026nbsp;pmol of reverse primer, and 2\u0026times; Qiagen Multiplex PCR Master Mix (Qiagen). DNA was amplified in a Mastercycler Pro 384 (Eppendorf Corporation, Hamburg, Germany) under the following protocol: 95\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 5\u0026nbsp;min; 33 cycles of 95\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 20\u0026nbsp;s, 55\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 1\u0026nbsp;min 30\u0026nbsp;s, 72\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 30\u0026nbsp;s; an additional three cycles of 95\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 20\u0026nbsp;s, 49\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 1\u0026nbsp;min 30\u0026nbsp;s, 72\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 30\u0026nbsp;s; and 68\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C for 10\u0026nbsp;min. The sizes of the amplified fragments were estimated on an automated DNA analyzer (model 3730xl, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with a GeneScan-500LIZ size standard (Applied Biosystems). Fragment length was determined in GeneMapper software (Applied Biosystems).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLinkage map construction and QTL analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree genetic linkage maps were constructed in AntMap v. 1.2 software (Iwata and Ninomiya \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e) from the SNP markers obtained by ddRAD-Seq analysis. The SNP markers were selected by removing low-quality loci (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 progeny have missing values at each locus). For EC1, 103 additional SSR markers were used. QTL analysis for each texture trait was performed by composite interval mapping in Windows QTL Cartographer v. 2.5 software (Wang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e) with the following parameter settings: model 6, forward and backward stepwise regression model, 5 maximum background marker loci, window size 10, and 1\u0026nbsp;cM walking speed along chromosomes. The logarithm of odds (LOD) thresholds for QTL detection in both mapping methods were determined by 1000 permutations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Results","content":" \u003cp\u003eThe continuous distributions of fruit texture traits in the three F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e populations suggest polygenic control of these traits (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). As expected, the high-crisp parent (\u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo;) had high crispness-related scores (FCI, FFDR, FFDK) and the low-crisp parents (CS-PMR1 and \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo;) had low scores. On the other hand, placenta, skin, and flesh firmness showed different features: both \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; had similar scores for PFI and SFI; and both parents of all populations had similar scores for FFI (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e; Table S1).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eddRAD-Seq analysis returned an average of 0.5\u0026nbsp;million high-quality reads per sample with an average Q30 quality score (indicating a 0.1% chance of error and 99.9% confidence) of 94.38\u0026nbsp;at 279 out of 2664 SNP sites in EC1, 1.7\u0026nbsp;million reads with Q30\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;90.26\u0026nbsp;at 607/3571 SNPs in EC2, and 1.3\u0026nbsp;million reads with Q30\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;94.54\u0026nbsp;at 496/2093 SNPs in EA. With the 103 additional SSR markers in EC1, we used 382 (EC1), 607 (EC2), and 496 (EA) markers for constructing linkage maps. Each map has seven linkage groups (LGs), and spans 946.31\u0026nbsp;cM (with an average distance between markers of 2.48\u0026nbsp;cM) in EC1, 661.81\u0026nbsp;cM (1.09\u0026nbsp;cM) in EC2, and 706.54\u0026nbsp;cM (1.42\u0026nbsp;cM) in EA. All sets of seven LGs correspond to the cucumber \u0026lsquo;Chinese Long\u0026rsquo; v3 reference genome (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The order of markers was almost entirely conserved throughout the three maps (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). EA had long regions with no markers (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10\u0026nbsp;cM) of 14.13\u0026nbsp;cM on Chr. 2, 12.25\u0026nbsp;cM on Chr. 4, 11.15\u0026nbsp;cM on Chr. 5, and 16.95\u0026nbsp;cM on Chr. 6. EC1 had only one large gap, of 10.11\u0026nbsp;cM on Chr. 5. EC2 had no large gaps.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMany QTLs for fruit texture traits detected were significant at LOD thresholds of 3.5\u0026ndash;3.8 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The LOD peaks of these QTLs ranged from 3.53 to 34.12, and the proportion of phenotypic variation explained (\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) ranged from 0.04 to 0.55 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). QTLs for each texture trait were detected in the same or near regions of EC1 and EC2 if regions where their LOD scores exceeded the threshold overlapped. On the other hand, the detection of some QTLs in different regions between EC and EA was considered to be caused by the different parental line combinations. In total, 56 QTLs for texture traits were detected: 11 for PFI, 12 for SFI, 8 for FFI, 10 for FCI, 8 for FFDR, and 7 for FFDK (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e; Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTLs for fruit texture traits detected by composite interval mapping in F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e populations from \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; \u0026times; CS-PMR1 cross (EC1, EC2) and \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; \u0026times; \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; cross (EA).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrait\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChr.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(cM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLOD peak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributing \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditive effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated range within \u0026lsquo;Chinese Long\u0026rsquo; v3 genome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlacenta firmness (PFI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17938051\u0026ndash;18305320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8268910\u0026ndash;15656494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-4.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2350185\u0026ndash;5938439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10124104\u0026ndash;17307123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20945018\u0026ndash;26073622\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-1.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.278\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24765386\u0026ndash;32324446\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9863544\u0026ndash;14476230\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-4.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.214\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9614597\u0026ndash;17359638\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9100225\u0026ndash;13529188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21270182\u0026ndash;28170725\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.335\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1172237\u0026ndash;6198629\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.249\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4695169\u0026ndash;12618347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-2.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17757949\u0026ndash;20408580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.317\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6860994\u0026ndash;12201882\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003epfi-4.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17493968\u0026ndash;22922654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin firmness (SFI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.260\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8218171\u0026ndash;19041404\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4201305\u0026ndash;10280790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e319052\u0026ndash;8140626\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62696\u0026ndash;3536162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-1.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19041404\u0026ndash;25266488\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9863544\u0026ndash;14206511\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;2.755\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e352951\u0026ndash;6845050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-3.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29875711\u0026ndash;30534604\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.422\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24568370\u0026ndash;24624709\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.760\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4246297\u0026ndash;10199104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e348913\u0026ndash;3132790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-4.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15188653\u0026ndash;18675455\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-5.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;1.351\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17381318\u0026ndash;25137285\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003esfi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10340732\u0026ndash;21093120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlesh firmness (FFI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1345396\u0026ndash;4183118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4808143\u0026ndash;23134200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-6.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21213122\u0026ndash;23012045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10460732\u0026ndash;21590246\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.236\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6089049\u0026ndash;10783025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-6.4\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28218841\u0026ndash;30759549\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1779920\u0026ndash;6198629\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6229032\u0026ndash;11661083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-4.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17493968\u0026ndash;17974470\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effi-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13642268\u0026ndash;20075212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"14\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003epfi\u003c/em\u003e, placenta firmness; \u003cem\u003esfi\u003c/em\u003e, skin firmness; \u003cem\u003effi\u003c/em\u003e, flesh firmness; \u003cem\u003efci\u003c/em\u003e, flesh crispness index; \u003cem\u003effdr\u003c/em\u003e, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on Richardson plot; \u003cem\u003effdk\u003c/em\u003e, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov\u0026rsquo;s dimension).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"14\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e is contributed by \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; inbred line, \u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e is contributed by \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; inbred line, \u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and \u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e are contributed by CS-PMR1.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"14\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Continued).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"15\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrait\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChr.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(cM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLOD peak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributing \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eparent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditive effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated range within \u0026lsquo;Chinese Long\u0026rsquo; v3 genome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlesh crispness index (FCI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77153\u0026ndash;2993540\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16211979\u0026ndash;28040750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-5.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5591997\u0026ndash;6531518\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18728426\u0026ndash;21213122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62696\u0026ndash;5485409\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25350961\u0026ndash;26438849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17838480\u0026ndash;20917609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-4.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17623371\u0026ndash;23097150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-6.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28170725\u0026ndash;29384179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198244\u0026ndash;989498\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15568875\u0026ndash;20408580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19323744\u0026ndash;29655770\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-5.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22358151\u0026ndash;24753912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10340732\u0026ndash;21093120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003efci-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24693006\u0026ndash;26147197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlesh apparent fractal dimension by Richardson plot (FFDR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77153\u0026ndash;2204911\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16211979\u0026ndash;28040750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-5.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17657831\u0026ndash;24443816\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62696\u0026ndash;4118470\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13530264\u0026ndash;14476230\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17838480\u0026ndash;29875711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9538226\u0026ndash;10199104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-2.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17477386\u0026ndash;20408580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16175273\u0026ndash;29445989\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-5.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20648581\u0026ndash;27048928\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13642268\u0026ndash;22008822\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdr-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24693006\u0026ndash;25831572\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlesh apparent fractal dimension by box-counting (Kolmogorov\u0026rsquo;s dimension) (FFDK)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77153\u0026ndash;5251504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16298404\u0026ndash;28040750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-5.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2754900\u0026ndash;5011135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62696\u0026ndash;2502042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17838480\u0026ndash;29875711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-2.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17148765\u0026ndash;20408580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16175273\u0026ndash;29445989\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-5.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21011617\u0026ndash;27048928\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-6.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16965857\u0026ndash;21093120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003effdk-6.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncore 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24693006\u0026ndash;26281957\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"15\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003epfi\u003c/em\u003e, placenta firmness; \u003cem\u003esfi\u003c/em\u003e, skin firmness; \u003cem\u003effi\u003c/em\u003e, flesh firmness; \u003cem\u003efci\u003c/em\u003e, flesh crispness index; \u003cem\u003effdr\u003c/em\u003e, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on Richardson plot; \u003cem\u003effdk\u003c/em\u003e, flesh apparent fractal dimension based on box-counting (Kolmogorov\u0026rsquo;s dimension).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"15\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e is contributed by \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; inbred line, \u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e is contributed by \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; inbred line, \u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and \u003cem\u003esfi-3.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e are contributed by CS-PMR1.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"15\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll QTLs are named with the trait abbreviation followed by the LG number and the sequential number of the QTL for this trait (1, 2, 3, or 4) along the chromosome (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The QTLs for SFI on Chrs. 1 and 3 were detected in the same region among the three populations, but the contributing parents were different. These QTL names were appended with the initial letter of their parent name in superscript. Some major QTLs for different texture traits were detected in almost the same region (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e; Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e): \u003cem\u003epfi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003esfi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003effi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003effdr-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003effdk-1.1\u003c/em\u003e on one part of Chr. 1; \u003cem\u003esfi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and \u003cem\u003effi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e on another part of Chr. 1; \u003cem\u003epfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003esfi-2.1\u003c/em\u003e on Chr. 2; \u003cem\u003efci-3.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003effdr-3.1\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003effdk-3.1\u003c/em\u003e on Chr. 3; \u003cem\u003epfi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003esfi-6.1\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003efci-6.1\u003c/em\u003e on Chr. 6.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Discussion","content":" \u003cp\u003eIn cucumber breeding, fruit texture traits are primary targets for improving fruit quality. Breeders have hitherto assessed fruit texture traits by sensory evaluation. Genotypic effects and heritability of fruit firmness have been investigated in crossing experiments, and it has been suggested that firmness is controlled genetically (Peterson et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; Kanno and Kamimura \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). However, few genetic studies of fruit crispness in cucumber have been performed (Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Evaluating fruit texture traits quantitatively by using mechanical measurement in segregating populations allows their genetic analysis. As all texture traits of our three populations of F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e progeny were distributed widely, these traits are controlled quantitatively (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Many fruit appearance traits, such as length, diameter, and L/D, are controlled by QTLs (Yuan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e; Bo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Weng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Pan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Gao et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Pan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Wang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e). Our results indicate that fruit texture traits also are controlled by QTLs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinkage maps of three F\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e populations were constructed by using ddRAD-Seq analysis and compared (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The order of common markers is almost identical among the three populations and the cucumber reference genome (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Polymorphic loci were detected more or less evenly throughout each LG in EC1 and EC2. However, in EA, there were relatively large gaps, of \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10\u0026nbsp;cM, between markers. This result suggests that the \u0026lsquo;Encore 10\u0026rsquo; inbred line and the \u0026lsquo;Atar\u0026rsquo; inbred line have similar structures in part of the genome because they were both derived from current F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e cultivars, and thus polymorphic sites cannot be detected in these parts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFifty-six QTLs for firmness (PFI, SFI, FFI) and crispness-related scores (FCI, FFDR, FFDK) were detected (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e; Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Some of the QTLs with large effect for PFI and SFI were detected in the same regions in EC1 and EC2 but in different regions in EA. The flesh is the most important part because it accounts for most of the cucumber fruit. Composite interval mapping detected 8 QTLs for FFI, 10 for FCI, 8 for FFDR, and 7 for FFDK. Those on Chr. 1 were detected in all populations (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). However, their effects differed between EC and EA: In EC1 and EC2, \u003cem\u003effi-1.2\u003c/em\u003e (in different locations from those for crispness-related scores), \u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003effdr-1.1\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003effdk-1.1\u003c/em\u003e had large effects. In EA, on the other hand, \u003cem\u003effi-1.1\u003c/em\u003e had a large effect, but \u003cem\u003efci-1.1\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003effdr-1.2\u003c/em\u003e had very small effects. Although there were some overlapping regions, crispness and firmness appear to be controlled by different mechanisms. Furthermore, QTLs for all crispness-related scores on Chr. 3 were detected in all populations, and some had high LOD scores (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Those on Chr. 6 were detected in both EC1 and EA (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Yoshioka et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) reported that fruit texture parameters differed significantly among cultivation periods. However, these QTLs, especially those on Chr. 3, were detected in multiple populations and cultivation periods, indicating their importance in controlling flesh crispness traits.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are no reports of QTLs for firmness and crispness in cucumber, but some reports describe QTL analysis and gene identification of fruit texture traits in other species. Several QTLs and candidate genes for fruit firmness are reported in melon (Moreno et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), grape (Carre\u0026ntilde;o et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Correa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), and tomato (Chapman et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Yang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). In apple, \u003cem\u003eMd-PG1\u003c/em\u003e, in the \u003cem\u003epolygalacturonase\u003c/em\u003e gene family, was associated with loss of fruit firmness and crispness during storage (Costa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Longhi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Moriya et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Poles et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eMd-PG1\u003c/em\u003e is related to cell wall structure and its modification. In the cucumber reference genome, a few \u003cem\u003epolygalacturonase\u003c/em\u003e-like genes are located within the estimated QTL range for flesh crispness-related scores detected in Chr. 3. However, flesh crispness in cucumber still diffed among cultivars before harvesting (Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The results indicate that a variety of genetic mechanisms may govern fruit crispness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS-PMR1 can be used as breeding material because of its strong resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew (Sakata et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e; Fukino et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Some large-effect QTLs for resistance to these diseases are located near the QTLs detected here. In particular, the QTLs with large effects on SFI, FFI, and crispness-related scores on Chr. 1 identified here (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) are located near some genes for resistance to powdery mildew (\u003cem\u003epm1.1\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003epm1.2\u003c/em\u003e) and downy mildew (\u003cem\u003edm1.2\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003edm1.3\u003c/em\u003e) (Fukino et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, QTLs for fruit length, diameter, and L/D ratio were detected on Chrs. 1, 2, and 6 in different populations (Yuan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e; Bo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Weng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Pan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Gao et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Wang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e). The locations of QTLs for fruit texture, morphological traits, and disease resistance on these chromosomes are highly complex. In developing new cultivars with introgressed traits, breeders repeat backcrossing and selecting over many years. However, the apparent linkage between fruit texture traits and resistance would reduce breeding efficiency in gene pyramiding. Our result will contribute to the development of new DNA markers tightly linked to QTLs for fruit texture traits that can be used in breeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit firmness and crispness differ greatly among cultivars around the world, and consumers have different preferences. In cucumber, fruit texture is considered to be the most important deliciousness factor in Japan, because cucumber has little distinctive taste-related characteristics, such as sweetness, as are found in other fruit crops and vegetables. For example, flesh crispness scores were significantly higher in Japanese F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid cultivars than in other cultivars such as the Beit Alpha type and the European greenhouse type (Yoshioka et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Sakata et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Shimomura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, fruit crispness has been an important target in cucumber breeding. The newly identified QTLs for fruit firmness and crispness will allow us to develop DNA markers with the traits. In particular, the QTLs on Chr. 3, where QTL for flesh crispness-related scores were detected among all populations, would be crucial to selecting for high crispness. We anticipate that our results will advance the development of informative DNA markers for fruit texture traits, and of new cucumber cultivars with desired fruit qualities.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP26712004.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by YY and KS. All authors discussed and guided all steps of the experiments, and contributed to the preparation of the final version of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank Dr. Motoki Shimizu of Iwate Biotechnology Research Center for coaching in NGS data analysis, and Dr. Kenta Shirasawa of Kazusa DNA Research Institute for instruction in ddRAD-Seq analysis. We also thank F. Hori, S. Masuji, D. Yamashita, Y. Wazaki, M. Shindo, M. Wakabayashi, Y. Taki, A. Suzuki, C. Yamada, A. Tsunoda, and M. Sano of the Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, for technical assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Bo K, Ma Z, Chen J, Weng Y (2015) Molecular mapping reveals structural rearrangements and quantitative trait loci underlying traits with local adaptation in semi-wild Xishuangbanna cucumber (\u003cem\u003eCucumis sativus\u003c/em\u003e L. var. \u003cem\u003exishuangbannanesis \u003c/em\u003eQi et Yuan). Theor Appl Genet 128:25\u0026ndash;39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2410-z\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[2] Breene WM, Da Vis DW, Chou HE (1972) Texture profile analysis of cucumbers. J Food Sci 37:113\u0026ndash;117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1972.tb03398.x\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[3] Carre\u0026ntilde;o I, Cabezas JA, Mart\u0026iacute;nez-Mora C, Arroyo-Garc\u0026iacute;a R, Cenis JL, Mart\u0026iacute;nez-Zapater JM, Carre\u0026ntilde;o J, Ruiz-Garc\u0026iacute;a L (2014) Quantitative genetic analysis of berry firmness in table grape (\u003cem\u003eVitis vinifera \u003c/em\u003eL.). Tree Genet Genomes 11:818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0818-x\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[4] Cavagnaro P, Senalik D, Yang L, Simon P, Harkins T, Kodira C, Huang S, Weng Y (2010) Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeats in cucumber (\u003cem\u003eCucumis sativus\u003c/em\u003e L.). 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Euphytica 164:473\u0026ndash;491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9722-5\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"euphytica","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"euph","sideBox":"Learn more about [Euphytica](https://www.springer.com/journal/10681)","snPcode":"10681","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10681/3","title":"Euphytica","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Cucumber, Firmness, Crispness, Quantitative trait locus, ddRAD-Seq","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFruit firmness and crispness are important traits of cucumber because they directly affect its commercial value. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of these fruit texture traits with the double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) technique and detected 31 QTLs for fruit firmness: 11 for placenta firmness, 12 for skin firmness, and 8 for flesh firmness; and 25 QTLs for crispness-related scores: 10 for flesh crispness index, 8 for flesh apparent fractal dimension by Richardson plot, and 7 for flesh apparent fractal dimension by box-counting (Kolmogorov\u0026rsquo;s dimension). Several QTLs associated with flesh firmness and crispness are located near regions for fruit length, diameter, and length-to-diameter ratio, and for resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew, indicating that gene linkage is likely to limit breeding efficiency. Our results will contribute to the development of informative DNA markers closely linked to genes for desirable fruit texture traits that are required for effective selection of new cultivars.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quantitative trait locus analysis of cucumber fruit texture using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-03-01 21:02:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-167431/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revisions","date":"2021-02-27T10:35:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Euphytica","date":"2021-01-13T20:46:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"euphytica","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"euph","sideBox":"Learn more about [Euphytica](https://www.springer.com/journal/10681)","snPcode":"10681","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10681/3","title":"Euphytica","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8ab8c5e0-3aee-49e4-afab-ac94236bb5bc","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 1st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":2698548,"name":"Plant Physiology and Morphology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-04-14T08:17:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-03-01 21:02:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-167431","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-167431","identity":"rs-167431","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"ehx78VzkSd0WSzXnipQa-","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}