Moderate and heavy alcohol drinking were positively associated with severe coronary artery calcification in Chinese men, while smoking was not.

Background: Previous studies reached inconsistent conclusions about the relationship between alcohol or cigarette consumption and coronary artery calcification (CAC). We aim to explore the association between drinking and smoking with CAC in men. Methods: : Male patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) were retrospectively included. Maximum angle of calcified plaque (Arc) and calcium length were measured by IVUS to evaluate CAC severity. Drinking and smoking details were collected. Drinking and smoking were stratified to 4 layers according to weekly alcohol intake(g) and total smoking(package*years), respectively. Uni- and multivariable analysis were performed to explore the association between drinking and smoking with severe coronary artery calcification (SCAC). Results: : Totally, 359 men with CHD were included, of whom 151 were regular drinkers and 275 were smokers. Compared with non-drinkers, calcium length in light drinkers decreased ( P <0.05), both Arc and calcium length in moderate and heavy drinkers increased (all P <0.05). Weekly alcohol intake was positively correlated with Arc and calcium length (r=0.490, P <0.001; r=0.381, P <0.001). A negative association was found between light drinking and SCAC (OR: 0.492, 95%CI: 0.177-1.372, P =0.175), while moderate (OR: 5.244, 95%CI: 2.245-12.252, P ＜0.001) and heavy drinking (OR: 15.238, 95%CI: 5.695-40.767, P ＜0.001) were positively associated with SCAC. No associations were found between smoking and SCAC ( P >0.05). Conclusions: : Light drinking showed a slight negative association with SCAC, whereas moderate and heavy drinking were positively associated with SCAC in Chinese men. No associations were found between smoking and SCAC.