The effect of resource loss on depression and peritraumatic distress during the early period of the COVID-19: considering the pandemic-situational and social context

Background: The public experienced loss of resources, including their health and property during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory is a useful tool to explain the effect of resource loss on mental health. This paper examines the effect of resource loss on depression and peritraumatic distress considering the situational and social context of the COVID-19 pandemic, applying COR theory. Methods: : An online survey was conducted for Gyeonggi residents over eight days (5 October to 13 October 2020) when the second wave of the COVID-19 in South Korea declined; 2,548 subjects were included in the hierarchical linear regression analysis. Results: : COVID-19 related experiences (infection /isolation /quarantine), resource losses (e.g., financial burden, deterioration of health, and decline of self-esteem), and fear of stigma were related to elevated levels of peritraumatic distress and depression. A higher level of risk perception was associated with higher peritraumatic distress, and people with reduced income or job loss showed a higher level of depression. Social support was a protective factor for mental health. Conclusions: : This study indicates that COVID-19-related experiences and loss of daily resources require attention when considering mental health parameters during COVID-19. Moreover, it is important to monitor the mental health of medically and socially vulnerable groups and those who have lost resources due to the pandemic and to provide these individuals with social support or financial compensation.