Hysterectomy and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s): N. Jayasree*1, K. Ruchitha2, Vijayalakshmi Cholavaram3, O. Susmitha4, Sk. Davood5 Email(s): [email protected] Address: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swathi College of Pharmacy, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh Published In: Volume - 4, Issue - 10, Year - 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41006 ABSTRACT: Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, is one of the most frequently performed gynecological procedures worldwide. Beyond its reproductive and symptomatic benefits, growing evidence suggests that hysterectomy may have long-term systemic effects, particularly on cardiovascular health. Hypertension, a leading global risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has been increasingly reported among women with a history of hysterectomy. The mechanisms underlying this association are not fully established but may involve both hormonal and vascular pathways. In women who undergo hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, abrupt estrogen deprivation accelerates vascular aging, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure dysregulation. Even when ovaries are preserved, reduced ovarian blood flow and earlier onset of ovarian insufficiency may predispose to hypertension. Several observational and cohort studies indicate that women, especially those operated at a younger age, are at higher risk of incident hypertension compared to age-matched controls. Additional factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and pre-existing gynaecological conditions like uterine fibroids or endometriosis may further increase susceptibility. While the absolute risk is modest, the high prevalence of hysterectomy amplifies the public health significance of this association. Early recognition and targeted preventive strategies, including cardiovascular monitoring, weight management, and lifestyle counselling, are essential for women after hysterectomy. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify causal pathways and to guide individualized risk reduction strategies. Overall, hysterectomy appears to be a potential contributor to increased hypertension risk, underscoring the need for long-term vigilance in clinical practice. Cite this article: N. Jayasree; K. Ruchitha; Vijayalakshmi Cholavaram; O. Susmitha; Sk. DavoodHysterectomy and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comprehensive Review. IJRPAS, October 2025; 4(10): 85-95.DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41006 1. Mikhail E., Salemi J., Mogos M., Hart S., Salihu H., Imudia A. National trends of adnexal surgery at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication, United States 1998-2011. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Mar 1;22(3):S18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.04.031 2. 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