Direct and indirect viral associations predict coexistence in wild plant virus communities

Direct and indirect viral associations predict coexistence in wild plant virus communities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Direct and indirect viral associations predict coexistence in wild plant virus communities Anna Norberg, Hanna Susi, Suvi Sallinen, Pezhman Safdari, Nicholas Clark, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-741379/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 May, 2023 Read the published version in Current Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Integration of community ecology with disease biology is viewed as a promising avenue for uncovering determinants of pathogen diversity, and for predicting disease risks. Plant-infecting viruses represent a vastly underestimated component of biodiversity with potentially important ecological and evolutionary roles. We performed hierarchal spatial analysis of wild plant populations to characterise the diversity and coexistence structure of within-host virus communities, and their predictors. Our results show that these virus communities are characterised by single infections of few, dominating virus taxa as well as diverse, non-random coinfections. Using a novel graphical modelling framework we demonstrate that after accounting for environmental heterogeneity at the level of both individual host plants and populations, most virus co-occurrence patterns can be attributed to virus-virus associations. Moreover, we show that conditioning variables changed virus association networks especially through their indirect effects. This highlights a previously underestimated mechanism of how human-driven environmental change can influence disease risks. Computational Biology Bioinformatics Terrestrial Ecology plant viruses plant pathogens community assembly coexistence co-occurrence networks parasite coinfection biotic interactions Markov random fields Conditional random fields spatial analysis Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files supplement.pdf Supplementary methods and results Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 May, 2023 Read the published version in Current Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-741379","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":42323478,"identity":"93277dc2-7a2b-49f6-a515-2c3b5257ceb3","order_by":0,"name":"Anna 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