Seasonal drought surpasses the effects of irrigation regime in the microbial dynamics of grapevine rhizosphere and presents high impact in mycobiome

Seasonal drought surpasses the effects of irrigation regime in the microbial dynamics of grapevine rhizosphere and presents high impact in mycobiome | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seasonal drought surpasses the effects of irrigation regime in the microbial dynamics of grapevine rhizosphere and presents high impact in mycobiome Sasha Lucena Maciel, Gianmaria Califano, Olfa Zarrouk, Vera Lopes, and 9 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7800383/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background – Drought is expected to have a major impact for viticulture and other agriculture worldwide. The soil microbiome has been shown to be an important sustainable tool to mitigate the effects of climate change since its manipulation leads to increased plant resilience with little ecosystem disturbance and low cost. However, the identification of drought-induced shifts in bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiota associated with grapevine remains largely unexplored. We conducted a thorough analysis of this holobiont over two seasons in a Syrah vineyard submitted for six years to three irrigation strategies (absent, deficit and full irrigation). The study combined 16S rRNA and ITS1 based metabarcoding, physiological measurements, and edaphic and climate data. Results – Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance agreed with the irrigation regime applied but one of the studied growth seasons presented more pronounced differences in microbiome diversity and structure than the other, highlighting the effect of climate. Prokaryotic members of the community may present growth promoting properties, but a wider array of putative functionalities were identified in the mycobiome ranging from pathogenicity and biofertilization to biocontrol. Fungal members also showed higher sensitivity to drought than prokaryotes. The mycobiome enrichment in Basidiomycota, the abundance of the basidiomycetous yeast Solicoccozyma aeria and the abundance of the bacterial family Chitinophagaceae have not been previously reported for grapevine associated microbiome. Conclusions – This study highlighted the specificities of restructuring of grapevine rhizosphere microbiomes under drought stress where the irrigation strategy, climate, genotype, and soil parameters interact. The stability of the prokaryotic component may be eventually due to their functional redundancy while a lower ecological memory of fungi may be balanced by diverse functional attributes. Ultimately, our results suggest that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to grapevine survival under extreme environmental conditions, opening the door to more sustainable practices in viticulture. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files additionalfile1.docx additionalfile2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 22 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7800383","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":542549837,"identity":"22f65411-b290-410f-95ca-0aec6a144311","order_by":0,"name":"Sasha Lucena Maciel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lisbon","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sasha","middleName":"Lucena","lastName":"Maciel","suffix":""},{"id":542549838,"identity":"a0d00f4e-f568-4919-9474-52428d4eed49","order_by":1,"name":"Gianmaria Califano","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lisbon","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gianmaria","middleName":"","lastName":"Califano","suffix":""},{"id":542549839,"identity":"8f5e03c4-728c-476a-9950-7cdbfe87386c","order_by":2,"name":"Olfa Zarrouk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Santarém Polytechnic University, Escola Superior Agrária,","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olfa","middleName":"","lastName":"Zarrouk","suffix":""},{"id":542549840,"identity":"da56546b-c2b4-4e81-b24b-f7add00cab1c","order_by":3,"name":"Vera Lopes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lisbon","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vera","middleName":"","lastName":"Lopes","suffix":""},{"id":542549841,"identity":"100202fb-c81b-4eb3-a738-938304767a34","order_by":4,"name":"Francisco Pina-Martins","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lisbon","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Francisco","middleName":"","lastName":"Pina-Martins","suffix":""},{"id":542549842,"identity":"82c74c40-74c5-472d-a1f7-87e7c140ef21","order_by":5,"name":"Miguel Damásio","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miguel","middleName":"","lastName":"Damásio","suffix":""},{"id":542549843,"identity":"ed032e95-521f-4fe0-afb0-acf66b595020","order_by":6,"name":"José Silvestre","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"José","middleName":"","lastName":"Silvestre","suffix":""},{"id":542549844,"identity":"f98b7712-d1e3-4d51-80c8-a47302ffe06e","order_by":7,"name":"Francisco M. 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mycobiome","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-microbiome","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sigs","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Microbiome](https://environmentalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"40793","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40793/3","title":"Environmental Microbiome","twitterHandle":"@bmc","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO 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The soil microbiome has been shown to be an important sustainable tool to mitigate the effects of climate change since its manipulation leads to increased plant resilience with little ecosystem disturbance and low cost. However, the identification of drought-induced shifts in bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiota associated with grapevine remains largely unexplored. We conducted a thorough analysis of this holobiont over two seasons in a Syrah vineyard submitted for six years to three irrigation strategies (absent, deficit and full irrigation). The study combined 16S rRNA and ITS1 based metabarcoding, physiological measurements, and edaphic and climate data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eResults\u003c/u\u003e – Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance agreed with the irrigation regime applied but one of the studied growth seasons presented more pronounced differences in microbiome diversity and structure than the other, highlighting the effect of climate. Prokaryotic members of the community may present growth promoting properties, but a wider array of putative functionalities were identified in the mycobiome ranging from pathogenicity and biofertilization to biocontrol. Fungal members also showed higher sensitivity to drought than prokaryotes. The mycobiome enrichment in Basidiomycota, the abundance of the basidiomycetous yeast Solicoccozyma aeria and the abundance of the bacterial family Chitinophagaceae have not been previously reported for grapevine associated microbiome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eConclusions\u003c/u\u003e – This study highlighted the specificities of restructuring of grapevine rhizosphere microbiomes under drought stress where the irrigation strategy, climate, genotype, and soil parameters interact. The stability of the prokaryotic component may be eventually due to their functional redundancy while a lower ecological memory of fungi may be balanced by diverse functional attributes. Ultimately, our results suggest that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to grapevine survival under extreme environmental conditions, opening the door to more sustainable practices in viticulture.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Seasonal drought surpasses the effects of irrigation regime in the microbial dynamics of grapevine rhizosphere and presents high impact in mycobiome","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-17 14:34:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7800383/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-07T07:13:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-22T10:32:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-04T14:09:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"262909480728523550100523494895405597280","date":"2025-11-10T09:24:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"276345985518380529216778265169479213967","date":"2025-11-06T10:37:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-06T07:30:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T23:59:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-17T15:34:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Microbiome","date":"2025-10-07T13:55:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-microbiome","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sigs","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Microbiome](https://environmentalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"40793","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40793/3","title":"Environmental Microbiome","twitterHandle":"@bmc","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a084af2b-efe0-4021-92df-41903c596ed1","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-24T15:08:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-17 14:34:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7800383","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7800383","identity":"rs-7800383","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}