Electrically tunable ferroelectric NbOBr2-integrated nonlinear photonics

Electrically tunable ferroelectric NbOBr2-integrated nonlinear photonics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article Electrically tunable ferroelectric NbOBr 2 -integrated nonlinear photonics Sang Hoon Chae, Xiangxin Gong, Ruihuan Duan, Yuhui Yang, Jinpeng Huo, and 19 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6420732/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Niobium oxide dihalides such as NbOCl2, featured by vanishing interlayer electronic coupling, present thickness-scalable strong second-harmonic generation (SHG), which has demonstrated their compelling performance of free-space nonlinear optics (NLO). However, practical on-chip photonic applications demand not only high NLO efficiency but also robust electrical tunability, a critical capability that has remained elusive until now. Our work reports the first realization of an in-situ electrically tunable NLO response within a NbOBr2-photonic integrated circuit (PIC). This material uniquely combines two critical features: exceptional tunability enabled by in-plane ferroelectricity and a strong second-order susceptibility resulting from its intrinsic broken-inversion symmetry. In this on-chip photonic circuitry scenario, NbOBr2 showcases larger SHG efficiency than NbOCl2 because of its low index contrast and completely outperforms NbOCl2 in the modulation capability thanks to much stronger in-plane ferroelectricity of NbOBr2. We achieve dynamic, non-volatile SHG intensity modulation exceeding 53%, with polarization states retained even after removing the external electric field. This work establishes the integration of 2D ferroelectric NbOBr2 into PICs as a transformative approach for developing scalable and reconfigurable ultracompact NLO devices, opening new avenues for versatile applications in tunable light sources, optical information processing, and quantum photonics. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures/Silicon photonics Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/High-harmonic generation Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics, photonics and device physics/Photonic devices Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFinal.docx Electrically tunable ferroelectric NbOBr2-integrated nonlinear photonics Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6420732","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":447378393,"identity":"ce8d0070-2fa0-43bc-be51-a0125f9a7133","order_by":0,"name":"Sang Hoon 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