Hospitalised Patients’ Perceptions of Individualised and Compassionate Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hospitalised Patients’ Perceptions of Individualised and Compassionate Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Hospitalised Patients’ Perceptions of Individualised and Compassionate Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study Kader KOCAMAN, Şengül ÜZEN CURA This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7338767/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Nursing → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Individualised care and compassionate care are fundamental components of person-centred nursing, yet little is known about their relationship from the patient perspective. Understanding this link may help improve care quality and patient satisfaction. Method This study examined the relationship between patients’ perceptions of individualised and compassionate care. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 382 inpatients treated at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital between March and October 2024. During data collection, the “Patient Information Form,” the “Individualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B),” and the “5-Item Compassion Scale (5-CM)” were employed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Bonferroni correction test. Results The mean total ICS-B score was 4.69 ± 0.43. Subscale means were 4.69 ± 0.47 for “Clinical Situation,” 4.67 ± 0.52 for “Personal Life Situation,” and 4.70 ± 0.44 for “Decision-Making Control.” The mean total score for the 5-CM was 3.79 ± 0.39. A statistically significant moderate positive relationship was identified between the total and subscale scores of the ICS-B and the total 5-CM score (p < 0.05). Conclusions A positive relationship was found between patients’ perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care. Strengthening individualised-care practices may enhance patients’ experiences of compassionate care and improve overall patient satisfaction. Individualised care Compassion Patient perception Nursing care Hospitalised patients Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Nursing care is a dynamic process that blends science and art to support patients. This process safeguards the integrity of every individual by respecting their unique bio-psycho-socio-cultural wholeness [ 1 ]. In line with this process, individualised care is delivered by considering the person’s characteristics and assessing each individual as a whole [ 2 ]. For nursing care to acquire the quality of being individualised, patients must become aware of the care they receive and provide feedback [ 3 ]. Patient feedback and the favourable outcomes observed in patients contribute to increased motivation and job satisfaction among nurses [ 3 – 6 ]. At the same time, because individualised nursing care positively affects patient outcomes, it is considered a key indicator for evaluating healthcare quality [ 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, individualised care is an extremely important concept in health services [ 2 ]. Compassion, which is a cornerstone of healthcare, is defined as recognising suffering and taking action to relieve it [ 7 , 8 ]. It is accepted as a fundamental and valuable phenomenon in health services and has always been at the heart of nursing [ 9 , 10 ]. It requires showing respect and value to patients, understanding their experiences during the care process, and responding appropriately to those experiences [ 8 ]. Compassion plays a pivotal role in holistic and person-centred care [ 11 , 12 ]. Burnell’s study emphasises that compassion is the heart of nursing care and practice, highlighting its significance in all nursing interventions [ 13 ]. Research shows that compassionate care strengthens trust between patient and nurse, increases patient satisfaction and quality of life, accelerates recovery, reduces suffering, and enhances overall well-being [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 ]. Focusing on the patient’s perception should be a primary concern in care, and it is crucial to evaluate the care provided from the patient’s perspective [ 16 ]. Moreover, compassion holds a key role in achieving holistic, person-centred care [ 11 , 12 , 17 ]. Although studies have assessed patients’ perceptions of individualised care [ 16 , 18 – 21 ] and compassionate care [ 22 – 25 ], no research has examined the relationship between these two perceptions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate patients’ perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care and to explore the relationship between them. 2. Methods 2.1. Design This study was conducted as a descriptive, correlational investigation to examine the relationship between patients’ perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care. 2.2. Population and Sample The study population consisted of patients hospitalised at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital. The sample comprised patients who voluntarily agreed to participate and met all inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were voluntary participation, inpatient status, age between 18 and 65 years, absence of communication barriers, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 or higher. Sample size was calculated with G*Power (version 3.1.9.6) for a two-tailed correlation (effect size = 0.20, α = 0.05, power = 0.95). With a small effect size (p = 0.2), α = 0.05, and power = 0.95, the required sample was 314. A total of 382 patients were ultimately enrolled. 2.3. Data Collection Instruments Patient Information Form Developed based on the relevant literature, this form records patients’ demographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, marital status, income level, health insurance, employment status) and illness-related variables (previous hospitalisation, length of stay) [ 18 , 26 – 28 ]. Individualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B) : The scale was developed by Suhonen et al. (2000) and validated in Turkish by Acaroğlu et al. (2007). The ICS has two sections: awareness of nursing actions that support individuality during hospitalisation (ICS-A) and perception of one’s own individuality in care (ICS-B). This study used the ICS-B, which consists of 17 items in three subscales—Clinical Situation (items 1–7), Personal Life Situation (items 8–11), and Decision-Making Control (items 12–17). Each section and subscale is scored from 1 to 5; higher scores indicate stronger perception and experience of individualised care [ 29 , 30 ]. Cronbach’s α for the Turkish ICS-B is 0.93 (Acaroğlu et al., 2011). In the present study, Cronbach’s α values were 0.78 for the total scale, 0.72 for Clinical Situation, 0.67 for Personal Life Situation, and 0.73 for Decision-Making Control. 5-Item Compassion Scale (5-CM) Developed by Roberts et al. (2019) and adapted to Turkish by Özsaban et al. (2023). This five-item, five-point Likert scale yields total scores from 5 to 20, with higher scores reflecting greater perceived compassionate care. The 5-CM is unidimensional. The original Cronbach’s α was 0.95; in the Turkish validation, it was 0.83 [ 31 ]. In the present study, Cronbach’s α was 0.72. 2.4. Data Analysis Data were analysed with SPSS for Windows (Version 24.0). Descriptive statistics for continuous variables were reported as mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and median. Normality of continuous variables was assessed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and by examining skewness and kurtosis; values within ± 2.0 were deemed acceptable for normality. Between-group comparisons employed the Mann–Whitney U test (two groups) and the Kruskal–Wallis H test (more than two groups). When the Kruskal–Wallis test indicated significance, Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise post-hoc analyses were performed. Relationships between variables were evaluated with Spearman’s rho. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. 3. Results Of the patients, 62.57% were aged ≥ 56 years, 53.40% were male, 50% had completed primary school, and 72.51% were married. A total of 72.51% reported income equal to expenses, 96.60% had health insurance, 82.46% were not employed for reasons unrelated to illness, 35.60% were hospitalised in the internal-medicine ward, 90.05% had previous hospitalisation experience, and 73.04% had been hospitalised for 1–6 days. The mean total ICS-B score was 4.69 ± 0.43. Mean subscale scores were 4.69 ± 0.47 for Clinical Situation, 4.67 ± 0.52 for Personal Life Situation, and 4.70 ± 0.44 for Decision-Making Control. The highest item mean (4.78 ± 0.50) was for item 14 in the Decision-Making Control subscale (“During my care, my stated wishes were taken into account”), whereas the lowest item mean (4.44 ± 0.85) was for item 17 in the same subscale (“I decided for myself when to take a bath”) (Table 1 ). Table 1 Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum and Maximum Scores for Items of the Individualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B) (n = 382) Subscale Item Mean ± SD Min–Max Clinical Situation 1 4.66 ± 0.62 1–5 2 4.68 ± 0.57 1–5 3 4.68 ± 0.60 1–5 4 4.68 ± 0.56 1–5 5 4.74 ± 0.54 1–5 6 4.74 ± 0.54 1–5 7 4.70 ± 0.60 1–5 Personal Life Situation 8 4.72 ± 0.60 1–5 9 4.54 ± 0.75 1–5 10 4.73 ± 0.58 1–5 11 4.69 ± 0.70 1–5 Decision-Making Control 12 4.72 ± 0.55 1–5 13 4.76 ± 0.52 1–5 14 4.78 ± 0.50 1–5 15 4.75 ± 0.52 1–5 16 4.75 ± 0.54 1–5 17 4.44 ± 0.85 1–5 ICS-B Total Score 4.69 ± 0.43 1–5 The mean total 5-CM score was 3.79 ± 0.39. The highest-scoring item was “During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion?” (3.82 ± 0.43), while the lowest-scoring item was “During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses were concerned with your emotional and psychological health?” (3.76 ± 0.49) (Table 2 ). Table 2 Distribution of 5-ICS items (n = 382) 5-CM Items Mean SD Min-Max During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses were concerned with your emotional and psychological health? 3.76 0.49 1–4 During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses cared for you as a whole person? 3.79 0.47 2–4 During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses valued your personal needs? 3.79 0.48 1–4 During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses earned your trust? 3.81 0.45 2–4 During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion? 3.82 0.43 2–4 Scale total 3.79 0.39 1,8 − 4 No statistically significant differences in ICS-B means were found by sex, age, marital status, income, health insurance, employment status, or previous hospitalisation (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed by education level, ward of hospitalisation, and length of stay (p < 0.05) (Table 3 ). Table 3 Comparison of Patients’ Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics with Mean ICS-B and 5-CM Scores ICS-B 5-CM M ± SD Test Post Hoc M ± SD Test Post Hoc Gender a Female 4.68 ± 0.46 Z=-0.719 3.79 ± 0.38 Z=-0.45 Male 4.7 ± 0.39 p = 0.472 3.8 ± 0.4 p = 0.65 Age b ≤ 35 1 4.75 ± 0.28 χ2 = 0.472 3.64 ± 0.64 χ 2 = 0.78 4 > 2 36–45 2 4.61 ± 0.56 p = 0.790 3.64 ± 0.54 p = 0.68 Z = 2.72; 46–55 3 4.66 ± 0.33 3.76 ± 0.35 p = 0.007** ≥ 56 4 4.71 ± 0.45 3.84 ± 0.35 4 > 3 Z=-2.73; p = 0.006** Level of Education b Literate 1 4.66 ± 0.39 x 2 = 18.621 5 > 3 3.90 ± 0.20 x 2 = 14.53 1 > 3 Primary School 2 4.75 ± 0.41 p = 0.001* Z=-3.155 3.83 ± 0.35 p = 0.001* Z=-3.18; Middle School 3 4.55 ± 0.35 p = 0.002** 3.67 ± 0.38 p = 0.001*** High School 5 4.62 ± 0.49 3.75 ± 0.43 University 5 4.72 ± 0.49 3.70 ± 0.57 Marital status a Married 4.69 ± 0.41 Z=-0.479 3.79 ± 0.36 Z=-0.66 Single 4.68 ± 0.47 p = 0.632 3.79 ± 0.44 p = 0.51 Income Level b Income > expenses 1 4.76 ± 0.19 x 2 = 0.209 3.70 ± 0.33 x 2 = 11.49 3 > 1 Income < expenses 2 4.67 ± 0.56 p = 0.901 3.75 ± 0.39 p = 0.001* Z=-2.65; Income = expenses 4.7 ± 0.39 3.81 ± 0.39 p = 0.008**** Health insurance a Yes 4.69 ± 0.43 Z=-1.127 3.8 ± 0.39 Z=-0.72 No 4.65 ± 0.31 p = 0.260 3.72 ± 0.40 p = 0.47 Employment status b Not working (illness) 1 4.54 ± 0.86 x 2 = 1.541 3.80 ± 0.27 x 2 = 1.69 Not working (other) 2 4.70 ± 0.40 p = 0.463 3.80 ± 0.38 p = 0.43 Employed 3 4.72 ± 0.27 3.76 ± 0.46 Ward b Internal medicine 1 4.62 ± 0.38 x 2 = 35.458 4 > 6 Z=-3.37; 3.74 ± 0.41 x 2 = 12.29 5 > 1 Cardiology 2 4.69 ± 0.56 p = 0.0001* p = 0.001** 3.79 ± 0.42 p = 0.03* Z=-2.57; Neurology 3 4.73 ± 0.32 4 > 1 Z=-4.59; 3.80 ± 0.38 p = 0.001 ** Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 4 4.90 ± 0.20 p = 0.0001** 3.88 ± 0.33 Pulmonology 5 4.78 ± 0.47 4 > 3 Z=-3.61; 3.90 ± 0.30 Infectious disease 6 4.64 ± 0.35 p = 0.0001** 3.90 ± 0.20 5 > 1 Z=-3.44; p = 0.001** 2 > 1 Z=-3.62; p = 0.0001** Previous hospitalisation a Yes 1 4.68 ± 0.45 Z=-0.49 3.78 ± 0.40 Z=-1.29 No 2 4.78 ± 0.16 p = 0.624 3.88 ± 0.27 p = 0.20 Length of stay (days) b 1–6 days 1 4.69 ± 0.45 x 2 = 16.832 3.80 ± 0.39 x 2 = 10.34 1 > 2 7–10 days 2 4.59 ± 0.41 p = 0.0001* 3.72 ± 0.39 p = 0.01* Z=-2.76; ≥ 11 days 3 4.85 ± 0.23 3.86 ± 0.32 p = 0.006*** 3 > 2 Z=-2.76; p = 0.006*** M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation a: Mann-Whitney U Test b: Kruskal-Wallis Test *statistically significant (p < 0.05) **Post Hoc. Bonferroni correction (significance p < 0.05/10 = 0.005). **For post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction (**p < 0.05/8 = 0.008; ***p < 0.05/10 = 0.005; **** p 0.05). Significant differences were present by age, education level, income, ward, and length of stay (p < 0.05) (Table 3 ). A statistically significant, positive, moderate correlation was identified between the total ICS-B score and its subscales (“Clinical Situation,” “Personal Life Situation,” “Decision-Making Control”) and the total 5-CM score (p < 0.05) (Table 4 ; Fig. 1 ). Table 4 Relationship Between 5-CM and ICS-B Total and Subscales 5-CM 5-CM Total Clinical Situation (B1) Personal Life Situation (B2) Decision-Making Control (B3) ICS-B Total 5-CM Total r* 1 0.584 0.489 0.439 0.564 p 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** B1 r* 0.584 1 0.733 0.744 0.933 p 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** B2 r* 0.489 0.733 1 0.707 0.874 p 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** B3 r* 0.439 0.744 0.707 1 0.903 p 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** ICS-B Total r* 0.564 0.933 0.874 0.903 1 p 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 0.0001** 4. Discussions In this study, the mean total item score on the ICS-B was 4.69 ± 0.42. Given that the maximum attainable item mean on the ICS-B is 5, these results indicate a high level of individualised care. Berg and colleagues noted that ICS-B item means of 4.50 or higher may be interpreted as evidence that individualised care is being delivered at a high standard [ 32 ]. In a multicentre study conducted by Suhonen et al. across four countries, item means for hospitalised cancer patients ranged from 3.25 ± 0.83 to 4.23 ± 0.66 [ 33 ]. Other investigations have likewise reported ICS-B item means between 3.58 ± 0.94 and 4.46 ± 0.70 [ 34 – 36 ]. Turkish studies have found mean total item scores varying from 2.33 ± 0.69 to 4.35 ± 0.67 [ 37 – 44 ]. The high score obtained in the present work suggests that the nursing care received by participants was perceived as holistic and humanistic, meeting their individual needs. According to patients’ responses on the ICS-B, the highest item mean was in the Decision-Making subscale—item 14, “During my care, my stated wishes were taken into account”, whereas the lowest was item 17, “I decided for myself when to take a bath.” Although nurses appear to approach patients’ individual needs empathetically, patients may still expect greater autonomy in highly personal activities such as bathing and may feel constrained by physical conditions in some hospital settings. A similar pattern was reported by Alıcı and Koç (2020), who also found the lowest mean for the bath-time item [ 38 ]; this likely reflects patients’ desire for greater independence in certain care decisions. When ICS-B means were compared by education level, university graduates scored significantly higher than secondary-school graduates. Kaplan’s thesis (2015) likewise showed the highest ICS-B means among university-educated patients [ 45 ]. In contrast, Ceylan and Eser (2016) and Köberich et al. (2016) reported higher individualised-care perceptions in less-educated groups and a decline as education increased [ 43 , 46 ]. The higher perception among university graduates in the present study may stem from their greater knowledge and more active participation in the care process, enabling them to articulate their needs more clearly. Patients in pulmonary and cardiology wards had significantly higher mean ICS-B scores than those in internal medicine (p < 0.05), consistent with Naef et al. (2019), who also found elevated individualised-care perceptions in cardiology and respiratory wards [ 47 ]. The relatively lower scores in internal medicine may be due to longer and more complex treatment and care processes in that setting. Regarding length of stay, patients hospitalised for 1–6 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7–10 days, while patients hospitalised for ≥ 11 days scored higher than both other groups. Kotan’s thesis reported a similar trend, with the highest ICS-B means among patients hospitalised for 11 days or more, although the differences were not statistically significant [ 20 ]. Longer stays may enable patients to communicate more openly with nurses and to progress to a stage of better understanding and accepting their treatment, thereby perceiving care as more individualised. The mean total 5-CM score was 3.79 ± 0.39; considering that the maximum item mean is 4, patients’ perceptions of compassionate care were high. The item with the highest mean was “During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion?”—in line with Tosunöz et al., who found that patients define a good nurse as attentive, humane, and self-sacrificing [ 48 ]. Other studies likewise report high perceived compassion in nursing care [ 22 – 24 ]. As the essence of nursing, compassion is linked to positive patient outcomes, and high perceived compassion is regarded as a marker of care quality. The lowest item mean concerned nurses’ attention to patients’ emotional and psychological health. Hintistan et al. (2009) similarly observed pessimistic emotional and psychological experiences among patients [ 49 ]. Patients may feel that nurses prioritise physiological care and neglect psychological support. In the comparison of 5-CM means by age, patients aged ≥ 56 years scored significantly higher than those aged 36–45 and 46–55 years (p < 0.05). Abozied et al. (2020) likewise found higher compassionate-care perceptions among older patients [ 22 ]. With advancing age, greater life experience may foster tolerance and a heightened perception of compassion. Although overall differences by education level were not significant, literacy-level patients scored higher than secondary-school graduates (p < 0.05). Abozied et al. also reported higher compassionate-care perceptions among illiterate patients [ 22 ]; as education increases, expectations of healthcare and nursing may shift. Patients whose income equalled their expenses scored higher on the 5-CM than those whose income exceeded expenses (p < 0.05). Berhe et al. (2017) similarly found higher perceived compassion among patients with low or middle income [ 23 ]. Higher-income patients may view nurses primarily as professionals who perform technical tasks and may focus less on compassionate behaviour. With respect to length of stay, patients who hospitalised for 1–6 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7–10 days (p < 0.05), and patients hospitalised for ≥ 11 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7–10 days (p < 0.05). Abozied et al. (2020) reported the opposite pattern, with compassionate-care perceptions decreasing as length of stay increased [ 22 ]. In the present study, short-stay patients may have experienced heightened anxiety and dependency, leading them to expect and perceive greater compassion. As length of stay increases, stress and fear of not recovering may rise, and expectations of nursing care may become more complex. Patients hospitalised for ≥ 11 days may reach a stage of acceptance, allowing them to recognise nurses’ roles more fully and to appraise compassionate approaches more positively. A statistically significant, positive, moderate correlation was found between the total ICS-B score and its subscales (“Clinical Situation,” “Personal Life Situation,” “Decision-Making Control”) and the total 5-CM score. Çetin and Çevik likewise reported a positive, albeit weak, correlation between nursing students’ compassion levels and individualised-care perceptions [ 50 ]. No previous study has examined this relationship among patients. Considering patients’ feelings, fears, and concerns is crucial for individualised care and may provide emotional and psychological support that enhances the sense of compassion. When individualised care and compassionate care are combined, not only physical but also emotional and psychological needs are met. While individualised care addresses personal requirements, compassionate care approaches these needs empathetically and humanely. This integration enables patients to feel valued, respected, and safe. Compassion reinforces the ethical and emotional foundation of individualised care, leading to a more comprehensive and effective care experience. Hence, individualised care and compassion should be considered together. Compassion plays a key role in holistic, person-centred care [ 11 , 12 , 17 ], and individualised care is a prominent indicator of healthcare quality because of its favourable impact on patient outcomes [ 3 , 4 ]. 4.1. Implications for Practice The findings of this study indicate that reinforcing individualised approaches and compassionate communication in nursing care can enhance patient experience and satisfaction. When nurses provide care that takes into account patients’ individual characteristics, emotional needs, and personal preferences, both individualised-care perceptions and compassionate-care perceptions may improve. Principles of individualised and compassion-based care should therefore be emphasised in clinical practice, nursing education, and institutional in-service training programmes. In addition, hospital administrators should adjust workloads so that nurses have sufficient time for one-to-one patient care. By increasing patient–nurse interaction, such arrangements can facilitate the effective delivery of both individualised and compassionate care. This strategy will not only improve patients’ physical health but also foster their emotional and psychological well-being, thereby raising the overall quality of healthcare services. 4.2. Limitations Despite being conducted rigorously, this study has several limitations. First, it was conducted in a single university hospital, which restricts the generalisability of the findings to other healthcare institutions or geographic regions. Second, participation was voluntary, so self-selection bias may have influenced the perceptions of care. Third, the descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design precludes causal interpretation of the relationship between individualised-care and compassionate-care perceptions. Fourth, data were obtained through self-report, a method that can introduce systematic errors such as social desirability bias and affect objectivity. Fifth, participants’ psychological status (e.g., depression, anxiety) and the clinical severity of their illnesses were not controlled; both factors may influence perceptions of care. Finally, data collection was limited to a specific period (March–October 2024); temporal factors such as hospital workload or staff turnover may have affected the results. 5. Conclusions This study demonstrated a positive, moderate, and statistically significant relationship between patients’ perceptions of individualised care and their perceptions of compassionate care. The findings suggest that enhancing individualised-care practices may strengthen the compassion that patients perceive in nursing care. Consequently, individualised care appears to support not only physical well-being but also patients’ emotional and psychological well-being. Overall, the results indicate that reinforcing patient-centred and individualised approaches in clinical practice can improve patients’ overall care experience and satisfaction. When nurses adopt an empathetic and compassionate attitude that takes account of patients’ individual characteristics throughout the care process, care quality and patient outcomes may be improved. Future studies should investigate the relationship between individualised care and compassionate care in a variety of hospital settings, using larger and more diverse samples. Moreover, advanced statistical modelling is recommended to determine whether perceptions of individualised care exert a direct mediating effect on perceptions of compassionate care, thereby providing further insights to enhance nursing practice. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Graduate Education Institute Ethics Committee (Approval No: 3/49, Date: 26 October 2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Authors’ contributions K.K.Ş. conducted the study as part of a thesis project, performed data collection, statistical analyses, and drafted the initial manuscript. 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Bekmezci, E., Hasta ve hemşirelerin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algısı , in Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü . 2019, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi: Konya. Bukecık, E. and F. Terzioglu, “Individualised care: Perceptions of gynecologic oncology patients and nurses”. Journal of Cancer Education, 2021. 36 (4): p. 811-818. Cerit, B. and S. Çoşkun, “Hasta ve hemşirelerin hemşirelik bakım kalitesine ilişkin algıları”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 2018. 9 (2): p. 103-109. Ceylan, B. and I. Eser, “Assessment of individualised nursing care in hospitalised patients in a university hospital in Turkey”. Journal of Nursing Management, 2016. 24 (7): p. 954-961. Tekin, F. and U. Fındık, “Level of perception of individualised care and satisfaction with nursing in orthopaedic surgery patients”. Orthopaedic nursing, 2015. 34 (6): p. 371-374. Kaplan, B.C., Hastaların bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları ve etkileyen faktörlerin inelenmesi . 2015, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü: İstanbul. Köberich, S., J. Feuchtinger, and E. Farin, “Factors influencing hospitalised patients’ perception of individualised nursing care: a cross-sectional study”. BMC Nursing, 2016. 15 : p. 1-11. Naef, R., J. Ernst, and H. Petry, “Adaption, benefit and quality of care associated with primary nursing in an acute inpatient setting: A cross‐sectional descriptive study”. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2019. 75 (10): p. 2133-2143. Tosunöz, İ., M. Akbaş, and G. Öztunç, “Hasta ve hemşirelerin perspektifinden iyi hemşire: nitel bir çalışma”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 2021. 11 (2): p. 319-330. Hintistan, S., N. Nural, and H. Öztürk, “Yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastaların deneyimleri”. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2009. 13 (1): p. 40-46. Çetin, P. and K. Çevik, “Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları ile merhamet düzeyi arasındaki ilişki”. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021. 10 (1): p. 57-70. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":175122,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScatter-plot curves illustrating the correlations between 5-CM and ICS-B (total and subscales).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7338767/v1/8e45f3cf1c5066167b3b216b.png"},{"id":101690456,"identity":"4ba766ec-7d3f-4e7e-a19b-fa90a5ec1312","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-02 16:03:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1173200,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7338767/v1/08ad0a85-1011-4ff6-8c64-40268d42dff8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eHospitalised Patients’ Perceptions of Individualised and Compassionate Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eNursing care is a dynamic process that blends science and art to support patients. This process safeguards the integrity of every individual by respecting their unique bio-psycho-socio-cultural wholeness [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. In line with this process, individualised care is delivered by considering the person\u0026rsquo;s characteristics and assessing each individual as a whole [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. For nursing care to acquire the quality of being individualised, patients must become aware of the care they receive and provide feedback [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Patient feedback and the favourable outcomes observed in patients contribute to increased motivation and job satisfaction among nurses [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. At the same time, because individualised nursing care positively affects patient outcomes, it is considered a key indicator for evaluating healthcare quality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, individualised care is an extremely important concept in health services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompassion, which is a cornerstone of healthcare, is defined as recognising suffering and taking action to relieve it [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. It is accepted as a fundamental and valuable phenomenon in health services and has always been at the heart of nursing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. It requires showing respect and value to patients, understanding their experiences during the care process, and responding appropriately to those experiences [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Compassion plays a pivotal role in holistic and person-centred care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Burnell\u0026rsquo;s study emphasises that compassion is the heart of nursing care and practice, highlighting its significance in all nursing interventions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Research shows that compassionate care strengthens trust between patient and nurse, increases patient satisfaction and quality of life, accelerates recovery, reduces suffering, and enhances overall well-being [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFocusing on the patient\u0026rsquo;s perception should be a primary concern in care, and it is crucial to evaluate the care provided from the patient\u0026rsquo;s perspective [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, compassion holds a key role in achieving holistic, person-centred care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Although studies have assessed patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR19 CR20\" citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] and compassionate care [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR23 CR24\" citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], no research has examined the relationship between these two perceptions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care and to explore the relationship between them.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Design\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted as a descriptive, correlational investigation to examine the relationship between patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Population and Sample\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study population consisted of patients hospitalised at \u0026Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital. The sample comprised patients who voluntarily agreed to participate and met all inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were voluntary participation, inpatient status, age between 18 and 65 years, absence of communication barriers, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 or higher. Sample size was calculated with G*Power (version 3.1.9.6) for a two-tailed correlation (effect size\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.20, α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05, power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.95). With a small effect size (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2), α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05, and power\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.95, the required sample was 314. A total of 382 patients were ultimately enrolled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Data Collection Instruments\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatient Information Form\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeveloped based on the relevant literature, this form records patients\u0026rsquo; demographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, marital status, income level, health insurance, employment status) and illness-related variables (previous hospitalisation, length of stay) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndividualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B)\u003c/b\u003e: The scale was developed by Suhonen et al. (2000) and validated in Turkish by Acaroğlu et al. (2007). The ICS has two sections: awareness of nursing actions that support individuality during hospitalisation (ICS-A) and perception of one\u0026rsquo;s own individuality in care (ICS-B). This study used the ICS-B, which consists of 17 items in three subscales\u0026mdash;Clinical Situation (items 1\u0026ndash;7), Personal Life Situation (items 8\u0026ndash;11), and Decision-Making Control (items 12\u0026ndash;17). Each section and subscale is scored from 1 to 5; higher scores indicate stronger perception and experience of individualised care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α for the Turkish ICS-B is 0.93 (Acaroğlu et al., 2011). In the present study, Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α values were 0.78 for the total scale, 0.72 for Clinical Situation, 0.67 for Personal Life Situation, and 0.73 for Decision-Making Control.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Item Compassion Scale (5-CM)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Roberts et al. (2019) and adapted to Turkish by \u0026Ouml;zsaban et al. (2023). This five-item, five-point Likert scale yields total scores from 5 to 20, with higher scores reflecting greater perceived compassionate care. The 5-CM is unidimensional. The original Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α was 0.95; in the Turkish validation, it was 0.83 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α was 0.72.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4. Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were analysed with SPSS for Windows (Version 24.0). Descriptive statistics for continuous variables were reported as mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and median. Normality of continuous variables was assessed with the Kolmogorov\u0026ndash;Smirnov test and by examining skewness and kurtosis; values within \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0 were deemed acceptable for normality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween-group comparisons employed the Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test (two groups) and the Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis H test (more than two groups). When the Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test indicated significance, Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise post-hoc analyses were performed. Relationships between variables were evaluated with Spearman\u0026rsquo;s rho. Statistical significance was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOf the patients, 62.57% were aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;56 years, 53.40% were male, 50% had completed primary school, and 72.51% were married. A total of 72.51% reported income equal to expenses, 96.60% had health insurance, 82.46% were not employed for reasons unrelated to illness, 35.60% were hospitalised in the internal-medicine ward, 90.05% had previous hospitalisation experience, and 73.04% had been hospitalised for 1\u0026ndash;6 days.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean total ICS-B score was 4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43. Mean subscale scores were 4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47 for Clinical Situation, 4.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52 for Personal Life Situation, and 4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44 for Decision-Making Control. The highest item mean (4.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50) was for item 14 in the Decision-Making Control subscale (\u0026ldquo;During my care, my stated wishes were taken into account\u0026rdquo;), whereas the lowest item mean (4.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85) was for item 17 in the same subscale (\u0026ldquo;I decided for myself when to take a bath\u0026rdquo;) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean, Standard Deviation, Minimum and Maximum Scores for Items of the Individualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;382)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubscale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMin\u0026ndash;Max\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClinical Situation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonal Life Situation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDecision-Making Control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eICS-B Total Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean total 5-CM score was 3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39. The highest-scoring item was \u0026ldquo;During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion?\u0026rdquo; (3.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43), while the lowest-scoring item was \u0026ldquo;During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses were concerned with your emotional and psychological health?\u0026rdquo; (3.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of 5-ICS items (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;382)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5-CM Items\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMin-Max\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses were concerned with your emotional and psychological health?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses cared for you as a whole person?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses valued your personal needs?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses earned your trust?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo statistically significant differences in ICS-B means were found by sex, age, marital status, income, health insurance, employment status, or previous hospitalisation (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Significant differences were observed by education level, ward of hospitalisation, and length of stay (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Patients\u0026rsquo; Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics with Mean ICS-B and 5-CM Scores\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eICS-B\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5-CM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost Hoc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost Hoc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.719\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.472\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 35 \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eχ2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.472\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eχ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u0026ndash;45 \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.790\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.72;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u0026ndash;55 \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;56 \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-2.73;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLevel of Education\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterate\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;18.621\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary School\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-3.155\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-3.18;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle School\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh School \u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity \u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.479\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.632\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;expenses\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.209\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;expenses\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.901\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-2.65;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;expenses\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008****\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHealth insurance\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-1.127\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot working (illness)\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.541\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot working (other)\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.463\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWard\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternal medicine\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35.458\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;6 Z=-3.37;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCardiology\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0001*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-2.57;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeurology \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1 Z=-4.59;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePulmonology\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 Z=-3.61;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInfectious disease\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1 Z=-3.44;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1 Z=-3.62;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrevious hospitalisation\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-0.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-1.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.624\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLength of stay (days)\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;6 days \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;16.832\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ex\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u0026ndash;10 days \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0001*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-2.76;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 days \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ=-2.76;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eM: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation a: Mann-Whitney U Test b: Kruskal-Wallis Test *statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) **Post Hoc. Bonferroni correction (significance p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05/10\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005). **For post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction (**p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05/8\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008; ***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05/10\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005; **** p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05/3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the 5-CM, no significant differences were found by sex, marital status, health insurance, employment status, or previous hospitalisation (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Significant differences were present by age, education level, income, ward, and length of stay (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant, positive, moderate correlation was identified between the total ICS-B score and its subscales (\u0026ldquo;Clinical Situation,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Personal Life Situation,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Decision-Making Control\u0026rdquo;) and the total 5-CM score (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e; Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship Between 5-CM and ICS-B Total and Subscales\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5-CM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5-CM Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClinical Situation (B1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonal Life Situation (B2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDecision-Making Control (B3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eICS-B Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5-CM Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003er*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003er*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.744\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003er*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003er*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.744\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eICS-B Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003er*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0001**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the mean total item score on the ICS-B was 4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42. Given that the maximum attainable item mean on the ICS-B is 5, these results indicate a high level of individualised care. Berg and colleagues noted that ICS-B item means of 4.50 or higher may be interpreted as evidence that individualised care is being delivered at a high standard [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. In a multicentre study conducted by Suhonen et al. across four countries, item means for hospitalised cancer patients ranged from 3.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83 to 4.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Other investigations have likewise reported ICS-B item means between 3.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.94 and 4.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70 [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR35\" citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. Turkish studies have found mean total item scores varying from 2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69 to 4.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67 [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR38 CR39 CR40 CR41 CR42 CR43\" citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. The high score obtained in the present work suggests that the nursing care received by participants was perceived as holistic and humanistic, meeting their individual needs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to patients\u0026rsquo; responses on the ICS-B, the highest item mean was in the Decision-Making subscale\u0026mdash;item 14, \u0026ldquo;During my care, my stated wishes were taken into account\u0026rdquo;, whereas the lowest was item 17, \u0026ldquo;I decided for myself when to take a bath.\u0026rdquo; Although nurses appear to approach patients\u0026rsquo; individual needs empathetically, patients may still expect greater autonomy in highly personal activities such as bathing and may feel constrained by physical conditions in some hospital settings. A similar pattern was reported by Alıcı and Ko\u0026ccedil; (2020), who also found the lowest mean for the bath-time item [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]; this likely reflects patients\u0026rsquo; desire for greater independence in certain care decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen ICS-B means were compared by education level, university graduates scored significantly higher than secondary-school graduates. Kaplan\u0026rsquo;s thesis (2015) likewise showed the highest ICS-B means among university-educated patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, Ceylan and Eser (2016) and K\u0026ouml;berich et al. (2016) reported higher individualised-care perceptions in less-educated groups and a decline as education increased [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. The higher perception among university graduates in the present study may stem from their greater knowledge and more active participation in the care process, enabling them to articulate their needs more clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients in pulmonary and cardiology wards had significantly higher mean ICS-B scores than those in internal medicine (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), consistent with Naef et al. (2019), who also found elevated individualised-care perceptions in cardiology and respiratory wards [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]. The relatively lower scores in internal medicine may be due to longer and more complex treatment and care processes in that setting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding length of stay, patients hospitalised for 1\u0026ndash;6 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7\u0026ndash;10 days, while patients hospitalised for \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 days scored higher than both other groups. Kotan\u0026rsquo;s thesis reported a similar trend, with the highest ICS-B means among patients hospitalised for 11 days or more, although the differences were not statistically significant [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Longer stays may enable patients to communicate more openly with nurses and to progress to a stage of better understanding and accepting their treatment, thereby perceiving care as more individualised.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean total 5-CM score was 3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39; considering that the maximum item mean is 4, patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of compassionate care were high. The item with the highest mean was \u0026ldquo;During your hospital stay, how often did you feel that your nurses showed you interest and compassion?\u0026rdquo;\u0026mdash;in line with Tosun\u0026ouml;z et al., who found that patients define a good nurse as attentive, humane, and self-sacrificing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]. Other studies likewise report high perceived compassion in nursing care [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR23\" citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. As the essence of nursing, compassion is linked to positive patient outcomes, and high perceived compassion is regarded as a marker of care quality. The lowest item mean concerned nurses\u0026rsquo; attention to patients\u0026rsquo; emotional and psychological health. Hintistan et al. (2009) similarly observed pessimistic emotional and psychological experiences among patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. Patients may feel that nurses prioritise physiological care and neglect psychological support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the comparison of 5-CM means by age, patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;56 years scored significantly higher than those aged 36\u0026ndash;45 and 46\u0026ndash;55 years (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Abozied et al. (2020) likewise found higher compassionate-care perceptions among older patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. With advancing age, greater life experience may foster tolerance and a heightened perception of compassion. Although overall differences by education level were not significant, literacy-level patients scored higher than secondary-school graduates (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Abozied et al. also reported higher compassionate-care perceptions among illiterate patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]; as education increases, expectations of healthcare and nursing may shift.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients whose income equalled their expenses scored higher on the 5-CM than those whose income exceeded expenses (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Berhe et al. (2017) similarly found higher perceived compassion among patients with low or middle income [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Higher-income patients may view nurses primarily as professionals who perform technical tasks and may focus less on compassionate behaviour.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith respect to length of stay, patients who hospitalised for 1\u0026ndash;6 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7\u0026ndash;10 days (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and patients hospitalised for \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 days scored higher than those hospitalised for 7\u0026ndash;10 days (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Abozied et al. (2020) reported the opposite pattern, with compassionate-care perceptions decreasing as length of stay increased [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, short-stay patients may have experienced heightened anxiety and dependency, leading them to expect and perceive greater compassion. As length of stay increases, stress and fear of not recovering may rise, and expectations of nursing care may become more complex. Patients hospitalised for \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 days may reach a stage of acceptance, allowing them to recognise nurses\u0026rsquo; roles more fully and to appraise compassionate approaches more positively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant, positive, moderate correlation was found between the total ICS-B score and its subscales (\u0026ldquo;Clinical Situation,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Personal Life Situation,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Decision-Making Control\u0026rdquo;) and the total 5-CM score. \u0026Ccedil;etin and \u0026Ccedil;evik likewise reported a positive, albeit weak, correlation between nursing students\u0026rsquo; compassion levels and individualised-care perceptions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]. No previous study has examined this relationship among patients. Considering patients\u0026rsquo; feelings, fears, and concerns is crucial for individualised care and may provide emotional and psychological support that enhances the sense of compassion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen individualised care and compassionate care are combined, not only physical but also emotional and psychological needs are met. While individualised care addresses personal requirements, compassionate care approaches these needs empathetically and humanely. This integration enables patients to feel valued, respected, and safe. Compassion reinforces the ethical and emotional foundation of individualised care, leading to a more comprehensive and effective care experience. Hence, individualised care and compassion should be considered together. Compassion plays a key role in holistic, person-centred care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], and individualised care is a prominent indicator of healthcare quality because of its favourable impact on patient outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1. Implications for Practice\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study indicate that reinforcing individualised approaches and compassionate communication in nursing care can enhance patient experience and satisfaction. When nurses provide care that takes into account patients\u0026rsquo; individual characteristics, emotional needs, and personal preferences, both individualised-care perceptions and compassionate-care perceptions may improve. Principles of individualised and compassion-based care should therefore be emphasised in clinical practice, nursing education, and institutional in-service training programmes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, hospital administrators should adjust workloads so that nurses have sufficient time for one-to-one patient care. By increasing patient\u0026ndash;nurse interaction, such arrangements can facilitate the effective delivery of both individualised and compassionate care. This strategy will not only improve patients\u0026rsquo; physical health but also foster their emotional and psychological well-being, thereby raising the overall quality of healthcare services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2. Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite being conducted rigorously, this study has several limitations. First, it was conducted in a single university hospital, which restricts the generalisability of the findings to other healthcare institutions or geographic regions. Second, participation was voluntary, so self-selection bias may have influenced the perceptions of care. Third, the descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design precludes causal interpretation of the relationship between individualised-care and compassionate-care perceptions. Fourth, data were obtained through self-report, a method that can introduce systematic errors such as social desirability bias and affect objectivity. Fifth, participants\u0026rsquo; psychological status (e.g., depression, anxiety) and the clinical severity of their illnesses were not controlled; both factors may influence perceptions of care. Finally, data collection was limited to a specific period (March\u0026ndash;October 2024); temporal factors such as hospital workload or staff turnover may have affected the results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated a positive, moderate, and statistically significant relationship between patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised care and their perceptions of compassionate care. The findings suggest that enhancing individualised-care practices may strengthen the compassion that patients perceive in nursing care. Consequently, individualised care appears to support not only physical well-being but also patients\u0026rsquo; emotional and psychological well-being.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, the results indicate that reinforcing patient-centred and individualised approaches in clinical practice can improve patients\u0026rsquo; overall care experience and satisfaction. When nurses adopt an empathetic and compassionate attitude that takes account of patients\u0026rsquo; individual characteristics throughout the care process, care quality and patient outcomes may be improved.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFuture studies should investigate the relationship between individualised care and compassionate care in a variety of hospital settings, using larger and more diverse samples. Moreover, advanced statistical modelling is recommended to determine whether perceptions of individualised care exert a direct mediating effect on perceptions of compassionate care, thereby providing further insights to enhance nursing practice.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the \u0026Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Graduate Education Institute Ethics Committee (Approval No: 3/49, Date: 26 October 2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK.K.Ş. conducted the study as part of a thesis project, performed data collection, statistical analyses, and drafted the initial manuscript. Ş.\u0026Uuml;.C. supervised the study design and implementation, provided guidance throughout the research process, contributed to data interpretation, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Acknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank all the patients who participated in the study and the nursing staff of \u0026Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital for their cooperation and support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026Ouml;zakg\u0026uuml;l, A., et al., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Hastaların ve hemşirelerin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algılarının değerlendirilmesi\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e JAREN, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 20-28.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMartin, B., R. Martin, and R. 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V\u0026auml;lim\u0026auml;ki, and J. Katajisto, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Developing and testing an instrument for the measurement of individual care\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2000. \u003cstrong\u003e32\u003c/strong\u003e(5): p. 1253-1263.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuhonen, R., H. Leino‐Kilpi, and M. V\u0026auml;lim\u0026auml;ki, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Development and psychometric properties of the Individualised Care Scale\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2005. \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 7-20.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026Ouml;zsaban, A., Ş. Cura, and S. K\u0026ouml;m\u0026uuml;rkara, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Turkish version of the 5-item compassion measurement Tool: A validity and reliability study\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e45\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 137-142.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerg, A., et al., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;A comparison between orthopaedic nurses\u0026rsquo; and patients\u0026rsquo; perception of individualised care\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, 2012. \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e(3): p. 136-146.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuhonen, R., et al., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Hospitalised cancer patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised nursing care in four European countries\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e European journal of cancer care, 2018. \u003cstrong\u003e27\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. e12525.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCastro, E., et al., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Effect of an intervention on the congruence of nurses\u0026apos; and patients\u0026apos; perceptions of patient‐centred care: A pre‐test post‐test study\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2020. \u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e(6): p. 1648-1656.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRose, P., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Patients\u0026rsquo; characteristics informing practice: improving individualised nursing care in the radiation oncology setting\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Supportive Care in Cancer, 2018. \u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 3609-3618.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRose, P., \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Individualised care in the radiation oncology setting from the patients\u0026rsquo; and nurses\u0026rsquo; perspectives\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Cancer nursing, 2016. \u003cstrong\u003e39\u003c/strong\u003e(5): p. 411-422.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcaroğlu, R. and M. Şendir, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Bireyselleştirilmiş bakımı değerlendirme skalaları\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 2012. \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 10-16.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlıcı, C. and Z. Ko\u0026ccedil;, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Quality of life and satisfaction affect individualised nursing care perceptions in intensive care\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Psychology, Health \u0026amp; Medicine, 2020. \u003cstrong\u003e25\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. 148-159.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArslan, B., \u0026Uuml;. Fındık, and E. G\u0026uuml;rdoğan, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Patients\u0026apos; perception of individualised care and satisfaction with nursing care levels in Turkey\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e International Journal of Caring Sciences, 2015. \u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. 369.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBekmezci, E., \u003cem\u003eHasta ve hemşirelerin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algısı\u003c/em\u003e, in \u003cem\u003eSağlık Bilimleri Enstit\u0026uuml;s\u0026uuml;\u003c/em\u003e. 2019, Necmettin Erbakan \u0026Uuml;niversitesi: Konya.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBukecık, E. and F. Terzioglu, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Individualised care: Perceptions of gynecologic oncology patients and nurses\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Cancer Education, 2021. \u003cstrong\u003e36\u003c/strong\u003e(4): p. 811-818.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCerit, B. and S. \u0026Ccedil;oşkun, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Hasta ve hemşirelerin hemşirelik bakım kalitesine ilişkin algıları\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 2018. \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. 103-109.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCeylan, B. and I. Eser, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Assessment of individualised nursing care in hospitalised patients in a university hospital in Turkey\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Nursing Management, 2016. \u003cstrong\u003e24\u003c/strong\u003e(7): p. 954-961.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTekin, F. and U. Fındık, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Level of perception of individualised care and satisfaction with nursing in orthopaedic surgery patients\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Orthopaedic nursing, 2015. \u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e(6): p. 371-374.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaplan, B.C., \u003cem\u003eHastaların bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları ve etkileyen fakt\u0026ouml;rlerin inelenmesi\u003c/em\u003e. 2015, İstanbul \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstit\u0026uuml;s\u0026uuml;: İstanbul.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK\u0026ouml;berich, S., J. Feuchtinger, and E. Farin, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Factors influencing hospitalised patients\u0026rsquo; perception of individualised nursing care: a cross-sectional study\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e BMC Nursing, 2016. \u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 1-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNaef, R., J. Ernst, and H. Petry, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Adaption, benefit and quality of care associated with primary nursing in an acute inpatient setting: A cross‐sectional descriptive study\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2019. \u003cstrong\u003e75\u003c/strong\u003e(10): p. 2133-2143.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTosun\u0026ouml;z, İ., M. Akbaş, and G. \u0026Ouml;ztun\u0026ccedil;, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Hasta ve hemşirelerin perspektifinden iyi hemşire: nitel bir \u0026ccedil;alışma\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Mersin \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Tıp Fak\u0026uuml;ltesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 2021. \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. 319-330.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHintistan, S., N. Nural, and H. \u0026Ouml;zt\u0026uuml;rk, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Yoğun bakım \u0026uuml;nitesinde yatan hastaların deneyimleri\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2009. \u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 40-46.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026Ccedil;etin, P. and K. \u0026Ccedil;evik, \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Hemşirelik \u0026ouml;ğrencilerinin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları ile merhamet d\u0026uuml;zeyi arasındaki ilişki\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021. \u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 57-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Individualised care, Compassion, Patient perception, Nursing care, Hospitalised patients","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7338767/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7338767/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndividualised care and compassionate care are fundamental components of person-centred nursing, yet little is known about their relationship from the patient perspective. Understanding this link may help improve care quality and patient satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study examined the relationship between patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised and compassionate care. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 382 inpatients treated at \u0026Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital between March and October 2024. During data collection, the \u0026ldquo;Patient Information Form,\u0026rdquo; the \u0026ldquo;Individualised Care Scale-B (ICS-B),\u0026rdquo; and the \u0026ldquo;5-Item Compassion Scale (5-CM)\u0026rdquo; were employed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov\u0026ndash;Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test, Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test, and Bonferroni correction test.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean total ICS-B score was 4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43. Subscale means were 4.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47 for \u0026ldquo;Clinical Situation,\u0026rdquo; 4.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52 for \u0026ldquo;Personal Life Situation,\u0026rdquo; and 4.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44 for \u0026ldquo;Decision-Making Control.\u0026rdquo; The mean total score for the 5-CM was 3.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39. A statistically significant moderate positive relationship was identified between the total and subscale scores of the ICS-B and the total 5-CM score (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA positive relationship was found between patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of individualised care and compassionate care. Strengthening individualised-care practices may enhance patients\u0026rsquo; experiences of compassionate care and improve overall patient satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Hospitalised Patients’ Perceptions of Individualised and Compassionate Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-22 09:43:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7338767/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-19T11:51:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-17T09:35:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"230906139815894161386071731204971191320","date":"2025-09-16T20:16:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-15T06:08:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"191701410470496262555016413465834236211","date":"2025-09-14T11:09:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-11T10:53:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-25T11:14:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-25T11:12:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-22T10:32:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-08-22T10:29:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"20f471b6-55ba-4215-8c5f-12bf57964bb4","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-02T16:01:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7338767","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04286-0","journal":{"identity":"bmc-nursing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Nursing"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-30 15:58:36","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 30th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-22 09:43:11","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12912-025-04286-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04286-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7338767","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7338767","identity":"rs-7338767","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}