Beyond Delta: Introducing an Angle Metric for Stylometric Similarity
preprint
OA: closed
AI-generated summary
This paper introduces a novel angle-based metric for stylometric similarity, which compares word vectors using relative frequencies and performs well even on short texts.
One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works
AI-generated deep summary
This preprint evaluates stylometric distance metrics for assessing stylistic similarity, comparing established Burrows’s Delta with Argamon’s Delta, Cosine Delta, and Minkowski metrics. The authors introduce an angle-based method that represents texts using word vectors in n-dimensional space built from original relative frequencies, aiming to remove the need for a reference corpus or z-score transformation. They report that the angle metric performs well for measuring stylistic similarity, including in short texts. The work is explicitly a preprint that has not been peer reviewed. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works
Abstract
Abstract This article evaluates stylometric distance metrics, including established (Burrows's Delta) and lesser-known methods (Argamon's Delta, Cosine Delta, Minkowski metrics). It introduces a novel angle-based method that compares word vectors in n-dimensional space using original relative frequencies, eliminating the need for a reference corpus or z-score transformation. The proposed approach shows promise for assessing stylistic similarity, even in short texts.
Full text
8,653 characters
· extracted from
preprint-html
· click to expand
Beyond Delta: Introducing an Angle Metric for Stylometric Similarity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Beyond Delta: Introducing an Angle Metric for Stylometric Similarity Olga G. Gorina, Natalya S. Tsarakova This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This article evaluates stylometric distance metrics, including established (Burrows's Delta) and lesser-known methods (Argamon's Delta, Cosine Delta, Minkowski metrics). It introduces a novel angle-based method that compares word vectors in n-dimensional space using original relative frequencies, eliminating the need for a reference corpus or z-score transformation. The proposed approach shows promise for assessing stylistic similarity, even in short texts. stylometry metrics authorship attribution Burrow’s Delta Cosine Delta Delta Angle metrics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Appendixnew.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8457236","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":623783363,"identity":"2f665f46-742e-484c-9d95-da9e6b5d3f92","order_by":0,"name":"Olga G. Gorina","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAk0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAwwMNgkSpGpJI1ELEBwmQYu8e+/DwwU15/MkG3ifEafN8Mxxg8Mzjt0ulmZgNyNSy4w0hsM8bLcT5zGwsZGi5d85ErTISwC18LYdSJxNtBYDnmNALX3JxZLNbMwWxNnS3sb8meebXZ7E8TbGG8TZcgDGYiZKPciWBmJVjoJRMApGwcgFAMtDKPrXM8BMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olga","middleName":"G.","lastName":"Gorina","suffix":""},{"id":623783364,"identity":"0b69f8df-1361-40fa-aaaa-8705c586756f","order_by":1,"name":"Natalya S. Tsarakova","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Natalya","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Tsarakova","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-26 18:53:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107480677,"identity":"51b2e5fc-9268-45b0-855c-f4a18acc391b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:13:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":511213,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"researcharticleBeyondDeltaIntroducinganAngleMetricforStylisticSimilarity.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8457236/v1_covered_80c0bffa-a90f-438a-b74a-a92ba50a3bf5.pdf"},{"id":107074634,"identity":"b8d3e91f-9e3f-47b4-a6e6-c90c3eace9ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-16 12:57:36","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":272963,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Appendixnew.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8457236/v1/5e9df36175acb712a17ea6c2.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Beyond Delta: Introducing an Angle Metric for Stylometric Similarity","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"stylometry metrics, authorship attribution, Burrow’s Delta, Cosine Delta, Delta, Angle metrics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis article evaluates stylometric distance metrics, including established (Burrows's Delta) and lesser-known methods (Argamon's Delta, Cosine Delta, Minkowski metrics). It introduces a novel angle-based method that compares word vectors in n-dimensional space using original relative frequencies, eliminating the need for a reference corpus or z-score transformation. The proposed approach shows promise for assessing stylistic similarity, even in short texts.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Beyond Delta: Introducing an Angle Metric for Stylometric Similarity","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-16 12:55:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8457236/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"00465e3b-43dd-4878-9c98-363ab0f6c4d4","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-16T12:55:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-16 12:55:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8457236","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8457236","identity":"rs-8457236","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.
My notes (saved in your browser only)
Ask this paper
Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works
Citation neighborhood (no data yet)
We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2026) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.
Source provenance
- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00