Revelation of new magnetic domain wall category in the itinerant antiferromagnet Chromium

Abstract Conventional magnetic domain walls are characterized by the reorientation of local moments. However, what occurs at the boundary of itinerant magnets is largely unknown. Here using spin-sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigated the microscopic boundaries of spin-density-wave (SDW) state in a prototypical itinerant anti-ferromagnet of Cr. We find at the boundary of two incommensurate SDW domains, the spins display finite-scale decay rather than reorientation. A novel double-Q SDW is generated with a second-order charge modulation. In commensurate SDW domains, a clear SDW gap is observed. Screw dislocations induced novel “half” vortex and anti-vortex that are connected by antiphase domain wall. This domain wall is characterized by vanishing spin density, where intriguing SDW in-gap states emerge, resembling the Andreev bound states in superconductors. All these unique SDW boundary structures can be viewed as consequences of local interference of two SDW, either with different Q or reversed phases. Therefore, our study revealed a new category of magnetic domain wall, the “interference wall”, with a mechanism rooted in itinerant nature.