Effect of Core Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility in Female Kabaddi Players

Effect of Core Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility in Female Kabaddi Players | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of Core Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility in Female Kabaddi Players Chakshu Mehta This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose Traditional contact sport known as Kabaddi is performed in many nations. Programs that enhance sports performance are gaining popularity. For adequate sport performance in team sports like kabaddi, agility is a crucial component. Hence, the study was done to compare the effectiveness of core training and plyometric training on agility in female kabaddi players. Methods A total of sixty female players participated in the study, ranging from 18–25 years of age. Agility was assessed using the T-test. Players were equally and randomly divided into two groups based on T-test scores. 30 players were assigned to each group. Players in group A were given core training and players in Group B were given plyometric training. Both groups received training for 3 days per week for 5 weeks. Agility was assessed again at the end of 5 weeks. Statistical analysis of the data was done using paired t-test for intragroup comparison and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparison at 95% confidence interval. Results Both types of training were found to be effective after pre and post training data analysis (p value < 0.0001). Statistically significant difference was found in the intergroup comparison (p value 0.0285). Based on the mean difference and the number of players in each category of the T-test after training in both groups, plyometric training was found to be more effective in improving agility. Conclusion Female kabaddi players benefited from both types of training; however plyometric exercise may be more beneficial than core training in increasing agility. kabaddi plyometric core training agility assessment Figures Figure 1 Introduction Kabaddi is a traditional contact sport that originated in India. It is an outdoor game played in most parts of Asia. [ 1 ] Kabaddi is the national game of Bangladesh and the state game of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Punjab in India. [ 2 ] It was introduced as a sport on an international platform during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. In 1938, it made its debut at the Indian Olympics in Calcutta. The All-India Kabaddi Federation was founded in 1956, and they established standard rules. Because of its increasing popularity in India, the Pro Kabaddi League was introduced in 2014 with eight teams. It was influenced by the Indian Premier League. A total of eight successful seasons have been organized until 2022. Agility refers to the ability to change direction rapidly and accurately. This requires good balance, strength, and speed. [ 3 ] Players who train in agility can move faster on the court and change directions more quickly while remaining in control of their bodies. [ 4 ] In Kabaddi, agility plays a very important role, as we see raiders change directions, following which the defenders change directions, and vice versa. Kabaddi players with improved agility are speculated to have a positive impact on raiding and defense performance. [ 5 ] Various methods are used to test agility, but the T-test has become popular because it is relatively simple to perform and requires minimal equipment and preparation. The T-test is a four-directional agility and body control test that assesses the ability to rapidly change directions while balancing and maintaining speed. [ 6 ] Previous research has demonstrated the effect of core and plyometric training in increasing agility. Anatomically, the core is the musculature that surrounds the lumbopelvic region and includes the abdominals anteriorly, the paraspinals and gluteal posteriorly, the pelvic floor musculature inferiorly, the hip abductors and rotators laterally, and the diaphragm superiorly. Core muscles allow actions to be transferred from the lower to the upper and from the upper to the lower extremity. The process of force generation at the core and its transfer to limbs is called the “serap effect”. [ 7 ] The serap effect works on the principle of energy transfer. It transfers stored energy into potential energy. This effect will allow the athlete to generate high-force, ballistic movements in both the upper and lower limbs. It will be created by activating core muscles, and it can ultimately help in improving quick changes of direction. [ 7 ] Plyometric training is used in various sports to train agility, as it usually involves starting, stopping, and changing directions in an explosive manner. Plyometrics involve performing a rapid eccentric contraction (stretching) of a muscle followed by a concentric contraction (shortening) of the same muscles. [ 8 ] It is a type of exercise that uses the stretch-shortening cycle of musculotendinous tissue, which uses the energy stored during the eccentric loading phase and stimulation of the muscle spindles to facilitate maximum power production during the concentric phase of movement known as reactive neuromuscular training. [ 9 ] There is a consensus that it improves sport-specific skills, such as agility [ 10 ] , and reduces the amount of time spent on the ground in preparation for movement. [ 8 ] Individually both the trainings are proved to be effective for agility. [ 4 ], [ 8 ], [ 10 ] But there is no study, or a lack thereof, that compares the effectiveness of core training and plyometric training on agility in female kabaddi players. Recently, the popularity of kabaddi has increased in India, and very little work has been done in the field of physiotherapy regarding kabaddi; therefore, this study is designed to help the players and physiotherapists in selecting training programs to improve agility. Methods The interventional study included a total of 60 female kabaddi players. The mean age of all 60 female kabaddi players was 20.88 years, and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.57 kg/m². Ethics committee approval was obtained for the study. The study was initiated after an evaluation and explanation of the procedure to participants who met the inclusion criteria. Female kabaddi players aged 18 to 25, who have been playing for at least 1 month at the Maharaja Sayajirao University Pavilion and Pragati Krida Mandal, were included in the study. The study excluded players who had a current lower limb, spinal cord injury, or deficit (musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular). An oral explanation of the training program was given. A written informed consent about enrollment in the study and maintaining adequate privacy and confidentiality was obtained from the subjects prior to the study. The T-test was used to assess the agility of all subjects one day before beginning intervention programs. The T- test is relatively simple to administer because it requires minimal equipment and preparation. The T-Test assesses biplanar (frontal and sagittal) agility by assessing how quickly an individual completes a course shaped as a “T” that includes forward, backward, and lateral movements and four changes of direction over a 40-meter course. [ 11 ] Its intraclass reliability is 0.98. [ 6 ] The subjects were divided into four categories (Excellent: 12.5 seconds) based on the results of T-test. [ 12 ] The subjects from each category were equally and randomly divided into two groups (Group A – core training, Group B – plyometric training) using the lottery method. 30 subjects were assigned to each group at the end of the sampling process. Both groups received intervention for 3 days per week for 5 weeks, with 48 hours of recovery time in between sessions to reduce the chances of fatigue and injuries. The T-test was used to assess agility 48 hours after the previous session. Players in Group A received core training [Table 2 ], and players in Group B received plyometric training [Table 3 ]. Before proceeding with interventions, warm up exercises were given in both groups and after intervention, cool down exercises were given [Table 1 ]. Warming up before training and cooling down after training are important to prevent injury and prepare athletes for the demands of exercise. [ 10 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ] Table 1 Training protocol Group A Group B Warm up: Jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold) Warm up: Jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold) Core training Plyometric training Cool down: Slow jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold) Cool down: Slow jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold) Table 2 Core training protocol Week Exercise Sets × repetitions Week 1 supine abdominal muscle contraction 3×20 Quadruped abdominal muscle contraction 2×15 Side bridge 1×6(10seconds hold)/ each side Week 2 Dead bug supine 3×20 Bridging quadruped 3×15 Seated medicine ball rotation 3×15 Week 3 Supine Abdominal muscle contraction 1×20 Seated Abdominal muscle contraction on swiss ball 3×20 Squat with a swiss ball 3×15 Superman 3×15 Week 4 Supine abdominal muscle contraction 1×20 Multidirectional lunge 3×5/ each side Abdominal muscle contraction with side shuffle 3/ each side Standing wall cross toss 3×20 Week 5 Supine abdominal muscle contraction 1×20 Diagonal curls on a swiss ball 3×10 Twist on a swiss ball while holding medicine ball 3×15 Single leg standing and ball toss (2×10)/ each side Table 3 Plyometric training protocol Week Exercise Sets × repetition Week 1 Side to side ankle hops 2×12 Standing jump and reach 2×12 Front cone hops 5×4 Week 2 Side to side ankle hops 2×10 Standing long jump 5×6 Lateral jump over barrier 2×10 Double leg hops 3×8 Lateral cone hops 2×8 Week 3 Diagonal cone hops 4×8 Standing long jump with lateral sprint 4×6 Lateral cone hops 2×9 Single leg bounding 4×7 Lateral jump single leg 4×4 Week 4 Diagonal cone hops 2×5 Standing long jump with lateral sprint 4×4 Lateral cone hops 4×5 Cone hops with 180⁰ turn 4×7 Single leg bounding 4×5 Lateral jump single leg 2×7 Week 5 Diagonal cone hops 2×10 Cone hops with change of direction sprint 4×6 Double leg hops 3×4 Lateral jump single leg 4×6 Statistical Methods: The data is described in terms of mean and standard deviation. A paired t-test was used for intragroup comparison, and an unpaired t-test was used for intergroup comparison. All analysis was executed using MedCalc statistical software version 20.106. The level of significance was set at p 0.05. Results The characteristics of the players included in the study are displayed in Table 4 . Table 4 Characteristics of players Variables Group A Group B P value Mean SD Mean SD Age 20.60 2.28 21.16 2.08 0.31 BMI 25.05 2.90 24.09 2.75 0.19 An unpaired t-test was applied to compare age and BMI between both groups. p values were 0.31 and 0.19, respectively. It suggests a statistically insignificant difference. Hence, the data was comparable. For intragroup comparison, a paired t-test was applied. The results of which are displayed in Table 5 . Table 5 Intragroup comparison Statistics Group A Group B Pre score Post score Pre score Post score Mean 12.51 10.82 12.61 10.43 SD 1.07 0.71 1.07 0.62 p-value P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 Both groups had a P value of < 0.0001. It suggests a significant difference. Hence, both types of training were found to be effective in improving agility. For intergroup comparison, an unpaired t-test was applied between the means of the post training T-test scores of both groups. The results are displayed in Table 6 . Table 6 Intergroup comparison Statistics A B Mean 10.82 10.43 SD 0.71 0.62 p-value 0.0285 The p value was 0.0285. It suggests a statistically significant difference. Hence, a difference was found between the effects of core and plyometric training. To find which training is more effective, a graphical presentation of the mean difference between pre and post training was taken into consideration [Figure 1 ]. A more marked difference was seen in Group B (2.18) compared to Group A (1.69). Also, to support the above results, the number of players in each category of the T-test was checked [Table 7 and Table 8 ]. Table 7 Number of players in each category in Group A Group A Category No. of players before training No. of players after training Excellent 1 11 Good 5 13 Average 9 5 Poor 15 1 Total 30 30 Table 8 Number of players in each category in Group B Group B Category No. of players before training No. of players after training Excellent 0 15 Good 5 14 Average 10 1 Poor 15 0 Total 30 30 In Group A, 11 players were shifted to the excellent category after training, whereas in Group B, 15 players were shifted to excellent category. 13 players belong to good category in Group A, whereas 14 players belong to good category in Group B after training. Fewer players were shifted to average and poor categories in group B (average: 1; poor: 0) compared to group A (average: 5; poor:1). Discussion The aim of the present research study was to compare the effects of core training and plyometric training on agility. Total of 60 female players ranging in age from 18–25 years were included in this study. This study consists of two groups. Group A is the core training group (n = 30) and Group B is the plyometric training group (n = 30). The findings showed that both core training and plyometric training are effective in improving agility following a 5-week training period. According to the analysis conducted within Group A, core training has significantly improved the agility of 30 players. Since proximal stability is necessary for distal mobility, strengthening core muscles provides better transfer of force between the upper and lower extremities, resulting in quick movement of the lower extremities and direction change. [ 7 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ] Bashir S F et al. (2019) reported that integrating core training into Indian junior tennis players’ regular training improves their dynamic balance and agility, which can lead to improved performance because core muscles act as a fulcrum and the upper and lower body act as a lever. Therefore, core stability is important for improving physical activity and reducing injuries. [ 4 ] Dinç N and Ergin E (2019) reported that the 8-week core strength training intervention showed no effect on the athlete’s balance but a positive effect on the long jump and agility. [ 17 ] Results of a study done by Sever O and Zorba E (2018) indicate that it is better to apply core exercises as a part of basic strength conditioning sessions instead of planning strength training sessions only for core stabilization. [ 18 ] According to the analysis conducted within Group B, plyometric training has significantly improved the agility of 30 players. The plyometric training included starting, stopping and changing direction in an explosive manner; that will help in neuromuscular conditioning, increase motor recruitment and neural adaptation of muscle spindles, golgi-tendon organs, and joint proprioceptors. Thus, these movements promote agility development. [ 8 ] Similar results were seen in a study conducted by Rameshkannan S and Chittibabu B (2014). They found that 8 weeks of plyometric training improved the agility of male handball players as similar types of explosive muscular contractions can be seen in practical instances such as the jump shot in handball. [ 19 ] Results of a study done by Bal BS et al. (2011) also supported short-term (6 week) effect of plyometric training for improving agility in young basketball players. [ 20 ] Similar results were found in the present study, where plyometric training was given for only 5 weeks. The comparison of both groups showed a statistically significant difference between the effects of core training and plyometric training. A difference can also be found if the mean is taken into account; plyometric exercises appear to be more effective in increasing agility. Also, from the results, it is evident that more players fell into the excellent and good categories in Group B than in Group A after training. Plyometric training may be more effective because it mimics what happens while playing kabaddi or it could be related to increased proprioceptor stimulation and motor recruitment. Conclusion The findings of this study support the use of both plyometric and core training because they both significantly enhance agility, but plyometric training was more successful at doing so for female kabaddi players in the 18–25 age range. Study suggests that because plyometric training replicates the sport, it can be more beneficial than core training. Additionally, research shows that if done properly, core and plyometric training can result in noticeable improvement in as little as 5 weeks. This study had certain limitations because it only included a small number of players. With a large number of players, more extensive studies may be carried out in a variety of age groups. Abbreviations BMI - Body Mass Index Declarations Acknowledgements The author expresses sincere gratitude to Dr. Sweta Shah (PT) , senior lecturer, college of physiotherapy, SSG hospital, Vadodara for her valuable time and expertise. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval Ethics committee approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee for Biomedical and Health Research for the study (Approval no. IECBHR/108-2021, Date. 22/06/2021). Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. References Venkatesha Murthy BS, “Common injuries in kabaddi play and their prevention with the help of biomechanics,” International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health , vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 78–81, 2016, Accessed: Apr. 16, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.kheljournal.com/archives/ ?year=2016&vol=3&issue=4&part=B&ArticleId=518 C. V. Rao and Y. Kishore, “Combined effect of strength and plyometric training programme on selected motor fitness components of male kabaddi players,” International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies , vol. 1, pp. 43–45, 2014, Accessed: Apr. 16, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://ijrras.com/combined-effect-of-strength-and-plyometric-training-programme-on-selected-motor-fitness-components-of-male-kabaddi-players/ B. Gajanana Prabhu and S. N. Swamy, “An appraisal of agility in athletes engaged in indigenous and non-indigenous games of India,” Journal of Physical Education and Sport, vol. 13, p. 621624, 2013, doi: 10.7752/jpes.2013.04098 . S. F. Bashir, S. Nuhmani, R. Dhall, and Q. I. Muaidi, “Effect of core training on dynamic balance and agility among Indian junior tennis players,” J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil , vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 245–252, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.3233/BMR-170853 . M. 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Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24353464/ R. Alikhani, S. Shahrjerdi, M. Golpaigany, and M. Kazemi, “The effect of a six-week plyometric training on dynamic balance and knee proprioception in female badminton players,” J Can Chiropr Assoc , vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 144–153, 2019, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31988535/ A. Aalizadeh et al. , “The effect of short-term plyometric training program on sprint, strength, power and agility performance in non-Athletic men,” Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia , vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1389–1395, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.13005/bbra/1797 . Michele A., Raya, Robert S. Gailey, Ignacio A. Gaunaurd, and Daniel M. Jayne, “Comparison of three agility tests with male servicemembers: Edgren Side Step Test, T-Test, and Illinois Agility,” J Rehabil Res Dev, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 951–960, 2013, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2023. [Online]. 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Available: https://www.sponet.de/Record/4057046 N. Dinç and E. Ergin, “The effect of 8-week core training on balance, agility and explosive force performance,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 550–555, 2019, doi: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070227 . O. Sever and E. Zorba, “Comparison of effect of static and dynamic core exercises on speed and agility performance in soccer players,” Isokinet Exerc Sci, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2018, doi: 10.3233/IES-171120 . S. Rameshkannan and B. Chittibabu, “Effect of plyometric training on agility performance of male handball players,” International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 72–76, 2014, doi: 10.26524/14411 . B. S. Bal, P. J. Kaur, and D. Singh, “Effects of a short term plyometric training program of agility in young basketball,” Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity , vol. 5, pp. 271–278, 2011, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://journaldatabase.info/articles/effects_short_term_plyometric_training.html Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5259564","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":443202913,"identity":"fecdefaa-c2a2-4eb1-a2d1-72f604a6d08f","order_by":0,"name":"Chakshu Mehta","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQZmBsYGBmbGBuYDIK4M0VrYmRvYEkBcHqK18LM38BiA+IS18M9ufmz4c8dhad5pZz6/ulFjwcPAfvjoBryW3DlmnMx75rCx5OzcbdY5x4AO40lLu4FPi4FEgvFhxrbDyYZALcY5bEAtEjxmBLSkfz74s+1w/f7bOc+Mc/4RpSXHOIG37TAz4+wc5se5bURokbiRU2zM25YO1JJmxpzbJ8HDRsgv/DPSN0v+bLMGakl+/DnnW50cP/vhY3i1IAM2CTBJrHIQYP5AiupRMApGwSgYOQAA85pGgg49p/YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chakshu","middleName":"","lastName":"Mehta","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-14 08:53:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80941813,"identity":"ddb3ff21-cb7e-484d-9fbd-a3c597b5857e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-19 11:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":18516,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMean difference\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA more marked difference was seen in Group B (2.18) compared to Group A (1.69).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5259564/v1/9dfc78e9f24c831984cd8a2d.png"},{"id":83434028,"identity":"40364f4a-9894-4a4d-ac84-0e6f541e5175","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 08:06:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":643646,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5259564/v1/5a9104fe-544d-4218-bcdf-f6c100dc11e9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of Core Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility in Female Kabaddi Players","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eKabaddi is a traditional contact sport that originated in India. It is an outdoor game played in most parts of Asia.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Kabaddi is the national game of Bangladesh and the state game of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Punjab in India.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e It was introduced as a sport on an international platform during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. In 1938, it made its debut at the Indian Olympics in Calcutta. The All-India Kabaddi Federation was founded in 1956, and they established standard rules. Because of its increasing popularity in India, the Pro Kabaddi League was introduced in 2014 with eight teams. It was influenced by the Indian Premier League. A total of eight successful seasons have been organized until 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgility refers to the ability to change direction rapidly and accurately. This requires good balance, strength, and speed.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Players who train in agility can move faster on the court and change directions more quickly while remaining in control of their bodies.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Kabaddi, agility plays a very important role, as we see raiders change directions, following which the defenders change directions, and vice versa. Kabaddi players with improved agility are speculated to have a positive impact on raiding and defense performance.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarious methods are used to test agility, but the T-test has become popular because it is relatively simple to perform and requires minimal equipment and preparation. The T-test is a four-directional agility and body control test that assesses the ability to rapidly change directions while balancing and maintaining speed.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious research has demonstrated the effect of core and plyometric training in increasing agility.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomically, the core is the musculature that surrounds the lumbopelvic region and includes the abdominals anteriorly, the paraspinals and gluteal posteriorly, the pelvic floor musculature inferiorly, the hip abductors and rotators laterally, and the diaphragm superiorly. Core muscles allow actions to be transferred from the lower to the upper and from the upper to the lower extremity. The process of force generation at the core and its transfer to limbs is called the \u0026ldquo;serap effect\u0026rdquo;.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e The serap effect works on the principle of energy transfer. It transfers stored energy into potential energy. This effect will allow the athlete to generate high-force, ballistic movements in both the upper and lower limbs. It will be created by activating core muscles, and it can ultimately help in improving quick changes of direction.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlyometric training is used in various sports to train agility, as it usually involves starting, stopping, and changing directions in an explosive manner. Plyometrics involve performing a rapid eccentric contraction (stretching) of a muscle followed by a concentric contraction (shortening) of the same muscles.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e It is a type of exercise that uses the stretch-shortening cycle of musculotendinous tissue, which uses the energy stored during the eccentric loading phase and stimulation of the muscle spindles to facilitate maximum power production during the concentric phase of movement known as reactive neuromuscular training.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e There is a consensus that it improves sport-specific skills, such as agility\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, and reduces the amount of time spent on the ground in preparation for movement.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividually both the trainings are proved to be effective for agility.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e But there is no study, or a lack thereof, that compares the effectiveness of core training and plyometric training on agility in female kabaddi players. Recently, the popularity of kabaddi has increased in India, and very little work has been done in the field of physiotherapy regarding kabaddi; therefore, this study is designed to help the players and physiotherapists in selecting training programs to improve agility.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe interventional study included a total of 60 female kabaddi players. The mean age of all 60 female kabaddi players was 20.88 years, and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.57 kg/m\u0026sup2;. Ethics committee approval was obtained for the study. The study was initiated after an evaluation and explanation of the procedure to participants who met the inclusion criteria. Female kabaddi players aged 18 to 25, who have been playing for at least 1 month at the Maharaja Sayajirao University Pavilion and Pragati Krida Mandal, were included in the study. The study excluded players who had a current lower limb, spinal cord injury, or deficit (musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular). An oral explanation of the training program was given. A written informed consent about enrollment in the study and maintaining adequate privacy and confidentiality was obtained from the subjects prior to the study. The T-test was used to assess the agility of all subjects one day before beginning intervention programs. The T- test is relatively simple to administer because it requires minimal equipment and preparation. The T-Test assesses biplanar (frontal and sagittal) agility by assessing how quickly an individual completes a course shaped as a \u0026ldquo;T\u0026rdquo; that includes forward, backward, and lateral movements and four changes of direction over a 40-meter course.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Its intraclass reliability is 0.98.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e The subjects were divided into four categories (Excellent: \u0026lt;10.5 seconds; Good: 10.5 to11.5 seconds; Average: 11.5 to 12.5 seconds; Poor: \u0026gt;12.5 seconds) based on the results of T-test.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e The subjects from each category were equally and randomly divided into two groups (Group A \u0026ndash; core training, Group B \u0026ndash; plyometric training) using the lottery method. 30 subjects were assigned to each group at the end of the sampling process. Both groups received intervention for 3 days per week for 5 weeks, with 48 hours of recovery time in between sessions to reduce the chances of fatigue and injuries. The T-test was used to assess agility 48 hours after the previous session. Players in Group A received core training [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], and players in Group B received plyometric training [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Before proceeding with interventions, warm up exercises were given in both groups and after intervention, cool down exercises were given [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Warming up before training and cooling down after training are important to prevent injury and prepare athletes for the demands of exercise.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining protocol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarm up: Jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarm up: Jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlyometric training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCool down: Slow jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCool down: Slow jogging (5 minutes), Self-Stretching (3 repetition with 30 seconds hold)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore training protocol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSets \u0026times; repetitions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esupine abdominal muscle contraction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadruped abdominal muscle contraction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide bridge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026times;6(10seconds hold)/ each side\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDead bug supine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridging quadruped\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeated medicine ball rotation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupine Abdominal muscle contraction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeated Abdominal muscle contraction on swiss ball\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquat with a swiss ball\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupine abdominal muscle contraction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultidirectional lunge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;5/ each side\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal muscle contraction with side shuffle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3/ each side\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding wall cross toss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupine abdominal muscle contraction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026times;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagonal curls on a swiss ball\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwist on a swiss ball while holding medicine ball\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle leg standing and ball toss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2\u0026times;10)/ each side\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlyometric training protocol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSets \u0026times; repetition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide to side ankle hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding jump and reach\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFront cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026times;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide to side ankle hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding long jump\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026times;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral jump over barrier\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDouble leg hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagonal cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding long jump with lateral sprint\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle leg bounding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral jump single leg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagonal cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding long jump with lateral sprint\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone hops with 180⁰ turn\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle leg bounding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral jump single leg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeek 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagonal cone hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026times;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone hops with change of direction sprint\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDouble leg hops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026times;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral jump single leg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026times;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026times;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Methods:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data is described in terms of mean and standard deviation. A paired t-test was used for intragroup comparison, and an unpaired t-test was used for intergroup comparison. All analysis was executed using MedCalc statistical software version 20.106. The level of significance was set at p 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe characteristics of the players included in the study are displayed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of players\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn unpaired t-test was applied to compare age and BMI between both groups. p values were 0.31 and 0.19, respectively. It suggests a statistically insignificant difference. Hence, the data was comparable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor intragroup comparison, a paired t-test was applied. The results of which are displayed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntragroup comparison\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth groups had a P value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001. It suggests a significant difference. Hence, both types of training were found to be effective in improving agility.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor intergroup comparison, an unpaired t-test was applied between the means of the post training T-test scores of both groups. The results are displayed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntergroup comparison\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0285\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe p value was 0.0285. It suggests a statistically significant difference. Hence, a difference was found between the effects of core and plyometric training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo find which training is more effective, a graphical presentation of the mean difference between pre and post training was taken into consideration [Figure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA more marked difference was seen in Group B (2.18) compared to Group A (1.69).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlso, to support the above results, the number of players in each category of the T-test was checked [Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of players in each category in Group A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of players before training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of players after training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcellent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of players in each category in Group B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of players before training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of players after training\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcellent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Group A, 11 players were shifted to the excellent category after training, whereas in Group B, 15 players were shifted to excellent category. 13 players belong to good category in Group A, whereas 14 players belong to good category in Group B after training. Fewer players were shifted to average and poor categories in group B (average: 1; poor: 0) compared to group A (average: 5; poor:1).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of the present research study was to compare the effects of core training and plyometric training on agility. Total of 60 female players ranging in age from 18\u0026ndash;25 years were included in this study. This study consists of two groups. Group A is the core training group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30) and Group B is the plyometric training group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30). The findings showed that both core training and plyometric training are effective in improving agility following a 5-week training period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the analysis conducted within Group A, core training has significantly improved the agility of 30 players. Since proximal stability is necessary for distal mobility, strengthening core muscles provides better transfer of force between the upper and lower extremities, resulting in quick movement of the lower extremities and direction change.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Bashir S F et al. (2019) reported that integrating core training into Indian junior tennis players\u0026rsquo; regular training improves their dynamic balance and agility, which can lead to improved performance because core muscles act as a fulcrum and the upper and lower body act as a lever. Therefore, core stability is important for improving physical activity and reducing injuries.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Din\u0026ccedil; N and Ergin E (2019) reported that the 8-week core strength training intervention showed no effect on the athlete\u0026rsquo;s balance but a positive effect on the long jump and agility.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Results of a study done by Sever O and Zorba E (2018) indicate that it is better to apply core exercises as a part of basic strength conditioning sessions instead of planning strength training sessions only for core stabilization.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the analysis conducted within Group B, plyometric training has significantly improved the agility of 30 players. The plyometric training included starting, stopping and changing direction in an explosive manner; that will help in neuromuscular conditioning, increase motor recruitment and neural adaptation of muscle spindles, golgi-tendon organs, and joint proprioceptors. Thus, these movements promote agility development.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Similar results were seen in a study conducted by Rameshkannan S and Chittibabu B (2014). They found that 8 weeks of plyometric training improved the agility of male handball players as similar types of explosive muscular contractions can be seen in practical instances such as the jump shot in handball.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Results of a study done by Bal BS et al. (2011) also supported short-term (6 week) effect of plyometric training for improving agility in young basketball players.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Similar results were found in the present study, where plyometric training was given for only 5 weeks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe comparison of both groups showed a statistically significant difference between the effects of core training and plyometric training. A difference can also be found if the mean is taken into account; plyometric exercises appear to be more effective in increasing agility. Also, from the results, it is evident that more players fell into the excellent and good categories in Group B than in Group A after training. Plyometric training may be more effective because it mimics what happens while playing kabaddi or it could be related to increased proprioceptor stimulation and motor recruitment.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study support the use of both plyometric and core training because they both significantly enhance agility, but plyometric training was more successful at doing so for female kabaddi players in the 18\u0026ndash;25 age range. Study suggests that because plyometric training replicates the sport, it can be more beneficial than core training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, research shows that if done properly, core and plyometric training can result in noticeable improvement in as little as 5 weeks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study had certain limitations because it only included a small number of players. With a large number of players, more extensive studies may be carried out in a variety of age groups.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eBMI - Body Mass Index \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author expresses sincere gratitude to Dr. Sweta Shah (PT)\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003esenior lecturer, college of physiotherapy, SSG hospital, Vadodara for her valuable time and expertise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics committee approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee for Biomedical and Health Research for the study (Approval no. IECBHR/108-2021, Date. 22/06/2021).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVenkatesha Murthy BS, \u0026ldquo;Common injuries in kabaddi play and their prevention with the help of biomechanics,\u0026rdquo; \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 78\u0026ndash;81, 2016, Accessed: Apr. 16, 2023. [Online]. 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Available: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://journaldatabase.info/articles/effects_short_term_plyometric_training.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://journaldatabase.info/articles/effects_short_term_plyometric_training.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"kabaddi, plyometric, core training, agility, assessment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional contact sport known as Kabaddi is performed in many nations. Programs that enhance sports performance are gaining popularity. For adequate sport performance in team sports like kabaddi, agility is a crucial component. Hence, the study was done to compare the effectiveness of core training and plyometric training on agility in female kabaddi players.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of sixty female players participated in the study, ranging from 18\u0026ndash;25 years of age. Agility was assessed using the T-test. Players were equally and randomly divided into two groups based on T-test scores. 30 players were assigned to each group. Players in group A were given core training and players in Group B were given plyometric training. Both groups received training for 3 days per week for 5 weeks. Agility was assessed again at the end of 5 weeks. Statistical analysis of the data was done using paired t-test for intragroup comparison and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparison at 95% confidence interval.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth types of training were found to be effective after pre and post training data analysis (p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001). Statistically significant difference was found in the intergroup comparison (p value 0.0285). Based on the mean difference and the number of players in each category of the T-test after training in both groups, plyometric training was found to be more effective in improving agility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale kabaddi players benefited from both types of training; however plyometric exercise may be more beneficial than core training in increasing agility.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Core Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility in Female Kabaddi Players","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-19 11:18:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5259564/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3d3d81b9-4e30-44b4-9cbe-34f097ceefce","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-26T07:58:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-19 11:18:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5259564","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5259564","identity":"rs-5259564","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}